{"id":52469,"date":"2019-11-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-08T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/lego-mindstorms-education-ev3-v-proforientatsii"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:11","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:11","slug":"lego-mindstorms-education-ev3-v-proforientatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/lego-mindstorms-education-ev3-v-proforientatsii","title":{"rendered":"LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3 v profesn\u00edm poradenstv\u00ed","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"LEGO
\nobr\u00e1zek \u2014 roboconstructor.ru<\/i><\/p>\n

Zn\u00e1m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee kdy\u017e se mlad\u00e1 matka obr\u00e1tila na moudr\u00e9ho mu\u017ee s d\u00edt\u011btem v n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed a zeptala se, od kolika let by m\u011bla za\u010d\u00edt v\u00fdchovu sv\u00e9ho potomka, star\u00fd mu\u017e odpov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee u\u017e p\u0159i\u0161la pozd\u011b o tolik let, kolik je jej\u00edmu d\u00edt\u011bti. Situace s v\u00fdb\u011brem budouc\u00edho povol\u00e1n\u00ed je dost podobn\u00e1. Je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee si mal\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b bude uv\u011bdomovat sv\u00e9 sklony a z\u00e1jmy, ale u\u017e na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kole za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 specializace, a do t\u00e9to doby by ji\u017e bylo dobr\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, jak\u00fdm sm\u011brem se m\u00e1 vyv\u00edjet vyrostl\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b. Ale jedno v\u00edme t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u011b \u2013 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch desetilet\u00ed bude od 30 do 80 % povol\u00e1n\u00ed zcela automatizov\u00e1no.<\/p>\n

Robotika, kybernetika, porozum\u011bn\u00ed algoritm\u016fm \u2013 to je sada dovednost\u00ed, s kter\u00fdmi se \u010dlov\u011bku pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebudou hrozit tak nejasn\u00e9 perspektivy. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b paraleln\u011b s nahrazov\u00e1n\u00edm pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly roboty se bude vyv\u00edjet tak\u00e9 koncept bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu, ale pochybujeme, \u017ee byste cht\u011bli pro sv\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b takovou budoucnost. <\/p>\n

Existuje mnoho zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak rychle uk\u00e1zat mlad\u00e9mu a zainteresovan\u00e9mu publiku z\u00e1klady programov\u00e1n\u00ed a robotiky. V\u0161echny jsou cenov\u011b dostupn\u00e9, relativn\u011b snadno nau\u010diteln\u00e9 a za n\u011bkolik hodin poskytuj\u00ed pochopen\u00ed z\u00e1klad\u016f algoritm\u016f a koncept\u016f kybernetick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Ale ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch se lze snadno setkat i s nev\u00fdhodami t\u011bchto platforem \u2013 omezenou odolnost\u00ed (a co si budeme pov\u00eddat \u2013 i \u201eodolnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di idiot\u016fm\u201c) prototypov\u00fdch desek, nelichotiv\u011b p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdmi u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdmi rozhran\u00edmi pro d\u011bti ve v\u011bku 11-12 let a relativn\u011b mal\u00fdm prvkem \u201ehran\u00ed\u201c.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nSe v\u0161emi t\u011bmito nedostatky se u\u017e d\u00e9le ne\u017e dvacet let pot\u00fdk\u00e1 nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobce vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch sad LEGO Education. \u0158e\u010d je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b o platform\u011b MINDSTORMS Education EV3. Od vyroben\u00fdch v po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch 90. let Mindstorms RCX a\u017e po nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed komplex MINDSTORMS Education EV3 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 princip formov\u00e1n\u00ed platformy stejn\u00fd. V z\u00e1kladu je tu \"inteligentn\u00ed kostka\" (\"intelligent brick\"), co\u017e je mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010d s obrazovkou a porty pro vstup a v\u00fdstup, k n\u011bmu\u017e se p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed komponenty. Stejn\u011b jako v jak\u00e9mkoli robotick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu se perifern\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed d\u011bl\u00ed na senzory a efektory. Pomoc\u00ed senzor\u016f robot vn\u00edm\u00e1 okoln\u00ed sv\u011bt a d\u00edky efektor\u016fm na n\u011bj reaguje v souladu s naprogramovan\u00fdmi pokyny. Komponenty platformy se spojuj\u00ed jednoduch\u00fdmi kabely bez p\u00e1jen\u00ed a mechanick\u00e9 konstrukce jsou omezeny pouze pevnost\u00ed plastov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f a fantazi\u00ed konstrukt\u00e9r\u016f. <\/p>\n

V p\u0159edchoz\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku<\/a><\/noindex> jsme se zab\u00fdvali mo\u017enostmi takov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed obecn\u011b, nyn\u00ed bychom se cht\u011bli podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159it konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3.<\/p>\n

EV3<\/h3>\n

\nLEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3 je kompatibiln\u00ed s d\u00edly Lego Technic. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee platformu lze pou\u017e\u00edt k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a dokonce neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed, od jednoduch\u00fdch \"aut\u00ed\u010dek\" a \"robotick\u00fdch rukou\" po slo\u017eit\u00e9 dopravn\u00edky nebo dokonce \"\u0159e\u0161itele\" Rubikovy kostky. Prakticky jak\u00e1koli sada Lego Technic m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zdrojem d\u00edl\u016f pro projekty, rovn\u011b\u017e nebude probl\u00e9m se substituc\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00fdch n\u00e1hradn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f. Ano, nevypadaj\u00ed tak robustn\u011b jako star\u00fd sov\u011btsk\u00fd hlin\u00edkov\u00fd stavebn\u00ed set, ale v praxi se ukazuj\u00ed jako daleko odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fdrobky z kovu. V m\u00e9m sb\u011bratelsk\u00e9m kolekce, kter\u00e1 za\u010dala v roce 1993, se zat\u00edm nena\u0161la ani jedna zlomen\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center> <\/p>\n

V z\u00e1kladn\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm setu MINDSTORMS Education EV3 je p\u0159ilo\u017eeno 541 d\u00edl\u016f Lego Technic. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 dokoupit jak specializovanou zdrojovou sadu, jako je 45560<\/a><\/noindex> (nebo star\u0161\u00ed 9648, kter\u00e1 byla vydan\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b pro NXT), tak jednodu\u0161e velkou stavebnici typu 42043<\/a><\/noindex> (2800 d\u00edl\u016f) nebo 42055<\/a><\/noindex> (t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 4000 d\u00edl\u016f), a potom, co si dostate\u010dn\u011b pohrajete s hlavn\u00edm modelem, je m\u016f\u017eete vyu\u017e\u00edt na \"kostky\" pro kybernetick\u00e9 experimenty. P\u0159i p\u0159epo\u010dtu na jeden d\u00edl Lego zde vych\u00e1z\u00ed daleko l\u00e9pe ne\u017e jin\u00e9 sady \u2013 celkem 3-5 korun za kus. <\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\n
\nA pokud m\u00e1 n\u011bkdo starou sb\u00edrku, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje des\u00edtky tis\u00edc d\u00edlk\u016f, nemus\u00ed se o zdroje v\u016fbec ob\u00e1vat. <\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\nSn\u00edmek obrazovky ze slu\u017eby Brickset (interaktivn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze pro majitele Lego stavebnic, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje shroma\u017e\u010fovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 statistiky) autora<\/i><\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, to plat\u00ed pouze pro \u201epasivn\u00ed\u201c prvky, jako jsou tr\u00e1my, kola nebo spojovac\u00ed kol\u00edky. Senzory a efektory jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mnohem dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ale v z\u00e1kladn\u00edm balen\u00ed jich je v\u00edce ne\u017e dost. Mindstorms EV3 obsahuje t\u0159i motory (dva v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a jeden kompaktn\u00ed servomotor), p\u00e1r dotykov\u00fdch senzor\u016f (jak\u00e9si \u201einteligentn\u00ed\u201c tla\u010d\u00edtka), ultrazvukov\u00fd, gyroskopick\u00fd a barevn\u00fd senzor (ten m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 fungovat v re\u017eimu sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho senzoru). Krom\u011b toho je zachov\u00e1na kompatibilita se senzory z p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace robot\u016f Lego Education \u2013 Mindstorms NXT (mezi nimi je nap\u0159\u00edklad senzor hladiny hluku). <\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\n
\nAle vra\u0165me se k \u201echytr\u00e9mu bloku\u201c, srdci syst\u00e9mu. Je to skute\u010dn\u011b pon\u011bkud t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd a objemn\u00fd \u201eblok\u201c, vybaven\u00fd monochromatick\u00fdm LCD displejem 178x128 (na n\u011bm se zobrazuje nejen menu, ale i r\u016fzn\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed obr\u00e1zky b\u011bhem provozu) s nastaviteln\u00fdm barevn\u00fdm podsv\u00edcen\u00edm. Pomoc\u00ed kabel\u016f se standardn\u00edm konektorem RJ-12 k n\u011bmu p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed sensory a efektory (a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho typu), je zde slot pro microSDHC a USB port. <\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\n
\nPosledn\u00ed se d\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edt jak pro nahr\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edch program\u016f, tak pro aktualizaci firmwaru. Mikrokontroler tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed ochuzen o bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, p\u0159i p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed lze programy nahr\u00e1vat p\u0159es Wi-Fi (je pot\u0159eba extern\u00ed modul) nebo Bluetooth (vestav\u011bn\u00fd). Tak\u00e9, pokud sestavujeme robota s d\u00e1lkov\u00fdm ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm, m\u016f\u017eeme s n\u00edm \u201e\u0159\u00eddit\u201c pomoc\u00ed bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9ho p\u0159ipojen\u00ed ze smartphonu nebo tabletu. <\/p>\n

Uvnit\u0159 \u201echytr\u00e9 cihly\u201c \u017eije 300megahertzov\u00fd ARM procesor, 16 megabajt\u016f pam\u011bti ROM (a ku \u010demu bude karta) a 64 megabajt\u016f RAM. A\u010dkoliv se tyto cifry mohou zd\u00e1t skromn\u00e9, pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed i t\u011bch nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edch algoritm\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete napsat vy nebo dokonce d\u00edt\u011b b\u011bhem v\u00fduky, je v\u00fdkon v\u00edce ne\u017e dosta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed. A pokud to srovn\u00e1me se 48megahertzov\u00fdm procesorem p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace NXT, jemu\u017e ned\u00e1vno bylo deset let \u2013 pokrok je skute\u010dn\u011b patrn\u00fd. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee by NXT n\u011bjak viditeln\u011b brzdil p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u00faloh.<\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc se objevil \u010dtvrt\u00fd port pro motory, co\u017e samo o sob\u011b p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed funkcionality, kter\u00e9 ospravedl\u0148uje aktualizaci. <\/p>\n

USB port nyn\u00ed podporuje hostitelsk\u00fd re\u017eim, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje nejen p\u0159ipojen\u00ed Wi-Fi adapt\u00e9ru, ale tak\u00e9 spojen\u00ed n\u011bkolika blok\u016f EV3 do jednoho slo\u017eit\u00e9ho robota. Pravda, \u00farove\u0148 \u00faloh se t\u00edm st\u00e1v\u00e1 zcela \u201ene d\u011btskou\u201c. <\/p>\n

Nakonec MINDSTORMS Education EV3 z\u00edskal podporu pro akumul\u00e1torov\u00e9 nap\u00e1jen\u00ed. M\u00edsto \u0161esti AA bateri\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete nainstalovat dod\u00e1vanou lithium-iontovou baterii se dv\u011bma a p\u016fl amp\u00e9rhodinami. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, nikdo nezakazuje pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010dl\u00e1nkov\u00e9 baterie typu eneloop, ale nutnost je vyj\u00edmat pro nab\u00edjen\u00ed sni\u017euje pou\u017eitelnost pod pr\u016fm\u011br. A co se t\u00fd\u010de ceny, p\u00e1r sad eneloop s nab\u00edje\u010dkou je zcela srovnateln\u00e9 s origin\u00e1ln\u00ed bateri\u00ed. <\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\n
\nAch ano, objevil se velk\u00fd a hlasit\u00fd reproduktor, kter\u00fd nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee nejen hr\u00e1t retro melodie z 8-bitov\u00e9 \u00e9ry, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159ehr\u00e1vat p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zvuky. <\/p>\n

Te\u010f se pod\u00edvejme na efekty z z\u00e1kladn\u00ed soupravy. Dva z nich jsou v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 motory, podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e byly pou\u017eity v NXT, podlouhl\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 d\u00edky vnit\u0159n\u00edmu reduk\u010dn\u00edmu p\u0159evodu dosahuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9ho krout\u00edc\u00edho momentu. <\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\n
\nPro p\u0159\u00edpad zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed motoru je zde mechanick\u00e1 spojka, kter\u00e1 za\u010dne klouzat, pokud je t\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9, tak\u017ee motor je celkem obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 sp\u00e1lit.
\nJe zde senzor \u00fahlu oto\u010den\u00ed s rozli\u0161en\u00edm jednoho stupn\u011b (motor informuje \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotku, pod jak\u00fdm \u00fahlem je jeho osa pr\u00e1v\u011b oto\u010dena) a mo\u017enost p\u0159esn\u011b synchronizovat ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed v\u0161ech p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch motor\u016f. <\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\n
\nT\u0159et\u00ed, takzvan\u00fd M-servomotor (st\u0159edn\u00ed motor) poskytuje t\u0159ikr\u00e1t men\u0161\u00ed krout\u00edc\u00ed moment, ale jeho ot\u00e1\u010div\u00e1 rychlost je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvakr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\n
\nPokud jde o senzory, ve skute\u010dnosti nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 se omezovat pouze na ty, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edz\u00ed LEGO Education (i t\u011bch je nadbytek pro jak\u00fdkoli vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed projekt); \u0159ada t\u0159et\u00edch stran vyr\u00e1b\u00ed kompatibiln\u00ed a m\u00edsty dost exotick\u00e9 senzory. P\u016fvodn\u00ed k\u00f3d firmwaru a technick\u00e9 specifikace jsou zcela otev\u0159eny<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Software<\/h3>\n

\nMluvili jsme hodn\u011b o hardwarov\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u011b, ale ve skute\u010dnosti nejen ta ur\u010duje efektivitu v\u00fduky robotiky. Pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomnost opravdu intuitivn\u00edho softwaru na mnoha platform\u00e1ch (Mac, PC, mobiln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed) a hotov\u00fdch u\u010debn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f<\/a><\/noindex> d\u011bl\u00e1 LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3 platformou volby pro v\u00fduku, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 na p\u0159echodu mezi z\u00e1kladn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kolou, pro d\u011bti kolem deseti let. <\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\n\u00davodn\u00ed obrazovka aplikace na iPad
\n<\/i><\/p>\n

Vizualizace algoritm\u016f v nativn\u00edm softwaru LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3 je na vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00farovni \u2013 sta\u010d\u00ed doslova za n\u011bkolik minut pochopit hlavn\u00ed typy interakc\u00ed logick\u00fdch blok\u016f (p\u0159echodov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, smy\u010dky atd.) a n\u00e1sledn\u011b postupn\u011b zvy\u0161ovat slo\u017eitost program\u016f. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b existuj\u00ed i hotov\u00e9 v\u00fdukov\u00e9 projekty pro des\u00edtky r\u016fznorod\u00fdch model\u016f robot\u016f, a pokud m\u00e1te z\u00e1jem, m\u016f\u017eete v internetov\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch naj\u00edt tis\u00edce zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch program\u016f. <\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\nP\u0159\u00edklad programu v aplikaci pro iPad<\/i><\/p>\n

Pokro\u010dil\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohou nainstalovat LabVIEW nebo RobotC \u2013 'mozky' LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3 jsou pln\u011b kompatibiln\u00ed s t\u011bmito bal\u00ed\u010dky. Star\u00e9 projekty pro NXT bohu\u017eel nelze exportovat bez dodate\u010dn\u00e9 konverze. <\/p>\n

Z pohledu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jem verze softwaru pro stoln\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de<\/a><\/noindex>. Ta umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00e9st elektronick\u00e9 se\u0161ity \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, d\u00edky nim\u017e m\u016f\u017ee u\u010ditel z vlastn\u00ed verze aplikace hodnotit \u00fasp\u011bchy konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho \u017e\u00e1ka a sledovat jeho pokrok. Nav\u00edc lze vyu\u017e\u00edvat nejen existuj\u00edc\u00ed u\u010debn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly v r\u00e1mci softwaru (kter\u00fdch je spousta), ale pomoc\u00ed integrovan\u00e9ho editoru obsahu vytv\u00e1\u0159et vlastn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\nVzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed videa o pr\u00e1ci s editorem obsahu EV3<\/i><\/p>\n

V desktopov\u00e9 verzi je tak\u00e9 n\u00e1stroj pro registraci dat s mo\u017enost\u00ed programov\u00e1n\u00ed oblast\u00ed grafu podle prahov\u00fdch hodnot. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pedagog m\u016f\u017ee snadno demonstrovat fungov\u00e1n\u00ed modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed v r\u00e1mci chytr\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad. <\/p>\n

Mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010d EV3 bude shroma\u017e\u010fovat data ze senzor\u016f v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase a v z\u00e1vislosti na teplotn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch spou\u0161t\u011bt ur\u010dit\u00e9 programy modelu. P\u0159i vysok\u00e9 teplot\u011b se zapne ventil\u00e1tor, p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u2013 topen\u00ed. A \u017e\u00e1ci si budou moci zaznamen\u00e1vat a analyzovat data, p\u0159i \u010dem\u017e uprav\u00ed model.<\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\n\u017durn\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed dat <\/i><\/p>\n

Otev\u0159enost firmwaru \u201echytr\u00e9ho cihly\u201c u\u017e hr\u00e1la svoji roli: existuj\u00ed alternativn\u00ed varianty s podporou v\u011bt\u0161iny popul\u00e1rn\u00edch programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f (des\u00edtky z nich). V podstat\u011b lze pou\u017eit\u00ed EV3 \u201ep\u0159ipojit\u201c k jak\u00e9mukoli vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmu projektu souvisej\u00edc\u00edmu s programov\u00e1n\u00edm, proto\u017ee m\u00e1lo co pot\u011b\u0161\u00ed v\u00edc, ne\u017e vid\u011bt fungov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edch algoritm\u016f \u201ev \u017eeleze\u201c. <\/p>\n

Mnoho lid\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou v tomto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt cena. Opravdu, za Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sadu bude nutn\u00e9 zaplatit 29 900 rubl\u016f, plus je\u0161t\u011b 2 500 za nab\u00edje\u010dku. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tato \u010d\u00e1stka zahrnuje d\u00edly a elektroniku pro pohodlnou pr\u00e1ci dvou student\u016f, stejn\u011b jako pln\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed software s 48 p\u0159ipraven\u00fdmi lekcemi (kter\u00fd od ledna 2016 je zcela zdarma jak pro jednotlivce, tak pro organizace). Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee dal\u0161\u00ed vybaven\u00ed a soupravy \u00faloh mohou zv\u00fd\u0161it n\u00e1klady, ale v rozumn\u00fdch mez\u00edch. Tak\u017ee sada pro 8 student\u016f, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed a zdrojov\u00e9 sady LME EV3, nab\u00edje\u010dky, software a dal\u0161\u00ed sadu \u00faloh \u201eIn\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 projekty\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>, bude st\u00e1t 174 900. Pro vybaven\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad, krou\u017eku ve \u0161kole, je to zcela p\u0159ijateln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Ano, to je v\u00fdrazn\u011b dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jednoduch\u00e9 platformy podobn\u00e9 Arduino. Ale mo\u017enosti a \u00farove\u0148 zapojen\u00ed jsou mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed program zalo\u017een\u00fd na EV3 lze klidn\u011b pl\u00e1novat na cel\u00e9 st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kole a d\u00e1l. Nav\u00edc, p\u0159i adekv\u00e1tn\u00edm pou\u017eit\u00ed LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3 jednodu\u0161e \u201ep\u0159e\u017eije\u201c n\u011bkolik jednoduch\u00fdch sad d\u00edky mechanick\u00fdm vlastnostem, snadn\u00e9 zam\u011bnitelnosti a dostupnosti d\u00edl\u016f (v m\u00e9 praxi si pouze jeden kabel RJ-12 vy\u017e\u00e1dal v\u00fdm\u011bnu v 10let\u00e9m NXT). <\/p>\n

Nakonec vid\u00edme t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 open-source projekt, podporovan\u00fd obrovskou spole\u010dnost\u00ed se v\u0161emi odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmi v\u00fdhodami \u2013 dlouhou \u017eivotnost\u00ed, dostupnost\u00ed n\u00e1hradn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, ofici\u00e1ln\u00edmi i amat\u00e9rsk\u00fdmi pr\u016fvodci a rozvinutou komunitou. Mindstorms se stal t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 standardem z\u00e1padn\u00edch vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch t\u0159\u00edd zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na robotiiku pro d\u011bti a bylo by skv\u011bl\u00e9 vid\u011bt jeho \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed i v Rusku. <\/p>\n

V\u00fdb\u011br cesty<\/h3>\n

\nA te\u010f k hlavn\u00edmu. Na rozd\u00edl od sad WeDo 2.0, je EV3 zam\u011b\u0159en na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je ur\u010den pro star\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti, pro kter\u00e9 je volba budouc\u00edho povol\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou. <\/p>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm EV3 ka\u017ed\u00fd z \u017e\u00e1k\u016f m\u016f\u017ee aktivn\u011b odhalit ty schopnosti, kter\u00e9 byly v n\u011bm zak\u00f3dov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edrodou, v\u00fdchovou a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm procesem.<\/p>\n

P\u0159irozen\u00fd matematik bude pozorn\u011b sledovat telemetrii senzor\u016f, jak p\u0159esn\u011b je zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1na vzd\u00e1lenost, kterou robot urazil, jak se zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fahel, pod kter\u00fdm se odchyluje, a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Budouc\u00ed IT specialista se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pono\u0159\u00ed do programov\u00e1n\u00ed robota, analyzuj\u00edc algoritmy, podle kter\u00fdch se pohybuje. A ur\u010dit\u011b bude vytv\u00e1\u0159et sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nejsou zahrnuty v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch pokynech.<\/p>\n

D\u00edt\u011b fascinovan\u00e9 fyzikou bude moci prov\u00e1d\u011bt n\u00e1zorn\u00e9 experimenty pomoc\u00ed robota, proto\u017ee s senzory nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, stejn\u011b jako s fantazi\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/p>\n

Celkov\u011b, bez ohledu na z\u00e1jmy a obl\u00edben\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty d\u00edt\u011bte ve \u0161kole, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s vyu\u017eit\u00edm sad MINDSTORMS EV3 umo\u017en\u00ed jasn\u011bji je identifikovat a soust\u0159edit se na jejich rozvoj v budoucnu.<\/p>\n

V \u017eivot\u011b<\/h3>\n

\nV sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jsou \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spole\u010dnosti ji\u017e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na studenty k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch projekt\u016f, a to jak v r\u00e1mci r\u016fzn\u00fdch sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed, tak pro obecn\u00fd rozvoj. O n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nich informovala m\u00e9dia tento rok.<\/p>\n

\u017d\u00e1ci z Astrach\u00e1nu, Ruslan Kazimov a Michail Gladyshev, vyvinuli v r\u00e1mci region\u00e1ln\u00edho technoparku robotick\u00e9ho tren\u00e9ra pro rehabilitaci kloub\u016f rukou.<\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\nfoto \u2014 rg.ru<\/i><\/p>\n

Na v\u00fdvoj simul\u00e1toru dev\u00e1\u0165\u00e1ci str\u00e1vili necel\u00e9 dva m\u011bs\u00edce. Sv\u00e9 projekt p\u0159edstavili na region\u00e1ln\u00edm kole IX. celost\u00e1tn\u00ed sout\u011b\u017ee v\u011bdecko-inovativn\u00edch projekt\u016f v JZH, kde obsadili druh\u00e9 m\u00edsto. V budoucnu pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed vytvo\u0159it pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd vzorek \u2013 zat\u00edm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i nab\u00edzej\u00ed pouze prototyp vyroben\u00fd z edukativn\u00ed robotick\u00e9 sady LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3.<\/p>\n

Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed duplikuje pohyby prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159em \u2013 klouby za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed fungovat, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se obnovuje pohyblivost nejen jich, ale i svalov\u00fdch skupin. Zat\u00edm jsou za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed propojena p\u0159es Bluetooth, v budoucnu budou komunikovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm internetu nebo Wi-Fi.<\/p>\n

Na trhu jsou dostupn\u00e9 analogy tohoto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, av\u0161ak astrakhansk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstroj m\u016f\u017ee sou\u010dasn\u011b pracovat s ramenn\u00edm, z\u00e1p\u011bstn\u00edm a loketn\u00edm kloubem. Krom\u011b toho je p\u0159enosn\u00fd a pracuje na baterii. Tak\u00e9 existuje mo\u017enost d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, tedy pacient m\u016f\u017ee tr\u00e9novat, ani\u017e by vy\u0161el z domu.<\/p>\n

Na Sv\u011btov\u00e9 olympi\u00e1d\u011b v robotice 2015 (WRO 2015) byl rusk\u00fd t\u00fdm DRL ze St. Pet\u011brburgu ocen\u011bn zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed cenou za kreativitu od spole\u010dnosti LEGO Education (LEGO EDUCATION CREATIVITY AWARD).<\/p>\n

Rusk\u00fd t\u00fdm DRL p\u0159edstavil projekt CaveBot. Chlapci ze St. Pet\u011brburgu pod veden\u00edm tren\u00e9ra Sergeje Filippova vytvo\u0159ili unik\u00e1tn\u00ed robota-vy\u0161et\u0159ovatele pro odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed neprozkouman\u00fdch oblast\u00ed v jeskyn\u00edch. V\u00fdvoj zasahuje do r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, proto\u017ee unik\u00e1tn\u00ed robot umo\u017e\u0148uje pln\u011bn\u00ed r\u016fznorod\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm postavil robota-lezce, vybaven\u00e9ho r\u016fzn\u00fdmi senzory, pro objevov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f s c\u00edlem jejich n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed. Z\u00edskan\u00e1 data mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159evedena do 3D model\u016f na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

A 13let\u00fd \u0160ubham Banerji vytvo\u0159il tisk\u00e1rnu<\/a><\/noindex> Braille z \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed LEGO v r\u00e1mci \u0161koln\u00edho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho projektu. Pozd\u011bji, se zapojen\u00edm sv\u00e9 rodiny, byl zalo\u017een startup na uveden\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezu, kter\u00fd z\u00edskal finan\u010dn\u00ed podporu od technologick\u00e9 korporace Intel.<\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\n(Foto: Marcio Jose Sanchez, AP)<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u00e1pad vytvo\u0159it tisk\u00e1rnu p\u0159i\u0161el \u0160ubhamovi po v\u00fdzkumu Brailla na internetu. Kdy\u017e pochopil, \u017ee tisk\u00e1rny pro slepou tisk stoj\u00ed od 2,000 $ a v\u00edce, rozhodl se vyrobit levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verzi.<\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1tce po vyn\u00e1lezu se za\u010dali nevidom\u00ed d\u011bti a jejich rodi\u010de spojovat se \u0160ubh\u00e9mem s jedinou \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed - vytvo\u0159it cenov\u011b dostupnou braillskou tisk\u00e1rnu, slibuj\u00edce, \u017ee si ji \"koup\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo z reg\u00e1lu\".<\/p>\n

Jak vid\u00edte, pou\u017eit\u00ed MINDSTORMS Education EV3 v procesu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje student\u016fm naplno zapojit fantazii, vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc st\u00e1le nov\u00e9 a nov\u00e9 mechanismy, kter\u00e9 nejen pom\u00e1haj\u00ed realizovat my\u0161lenky \u010di n\u00e1zorn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bt r\u016fzn\u00e9 experimenty, ale tak\u00e9 za\u010d\u00edt se vymezovat ve sv\u00e9 budouc\u00ed profesi.<\/p>\n

Pokud m\u00e1te dotazy ohledn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm procesu (nebo ohledn\u011b samotn\u00fdch produkt\u016f) - pi\u0161te je do koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2014 roboconstructor.ru \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0447\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a \u043c\u0443\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0446 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0443. \u0421 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f. \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430, 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