{"id":52749,"date":"2019-11-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-15T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/chetyryohurovnevaya-model-sistemnogo-administratora"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:33","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:33","slug":"chetyryohurovnevaya-model-sistemnogo-administratora","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chetyryohurovnevaya-model-sistemnogo-administratora","title":{"rendered":"\u010cty\u0159\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fd model syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00davod<\/h4>\n

\nHR v\u00fdrobn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti po\u017e\u00e1dala o seps\u00e1n\u00ed, co by m\u011bl syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor d\u011blat? Pro organizace s jedin\u00fdm IT specialistou v t\u00fdmu je to ot\u00e1zka se skryt\u00fdm \u00famyslem. Pokusil jsem se jednoduch\u00fdmi slovy popsat funk\u010dn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b jednoho specialisty. Douf\u00e1m, \u017ee to n\u011bkomu pom\u016f\u017ee v komunikaci s neIT kolegy. Pokud jsem n\u011bco opomn\u011bl, star\u0161\u00ed kolegov\u00e9 m\u011b oprav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\u010cty\u0159\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fd
\n<\/p>\n

\u00darove\u0148: Technik<\/h4>\n

\n\u00dakoly<\/i>. Zde se \u0159e\u0161\u00ed provozn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky. Aby fungovalo to, co m\u016f\u017eete ohmatat. Na t\u00e9to \u00farovni: audit, inventarizace, \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, vrta\u010dka, \u0161roubov\u00e1k. Uklidit kabely pod stoly. Vym\u011bnit ventil\u00e1tor nebo nap\u00e1jec\u00ed jednotku. Naj\u00edt IT smlouvy, z\u00e1ru\u010dn\u00ed listy a ulo\u017eit je do slo\u017eek. Zapsat telefonn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla 1C specialisty, technika na kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 technice, poskytovatel\u016f. Sezn\u00e1mit se s ukl\u00edze\u010dkou. Ukl\u00edze\u010dka je v\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edtel a pomocn\u00edk. <\/p>\n

To je z\u00e1klad. Nebudete moci fungovat na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u00farovn\u00edch, pokud v\u00e1s budou vyru\u0161ovat telefon\u00e1ty ohledn\u011b slab\u00e9ho tisku nebo vybit\u00fdch bateri\u00ed. N\u00e1hradn\u00ed toner by m\u011bl b\u00fdt v z\u00e1suvce pod MFP, n\u00e1hradn\u00ed baterie pro my\u0161i \u2013 u office managera. O to byste se m\u011bli postarat vy. <\/p>\n

Na t\u00e9to \u00farovni t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nepracujete na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro v\u00e1s nen\u00ed, jak\u00e1 je verze opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, ale zda m\u00e1 firma b\u011b\u017en\u00fd vysava\u010d.<\/p>\n

Interakce<\/i>. Na t\u00e9to \u00farovni, krom\u011b IT specialist\u016f, komunikujete s vedouc\u00edm spr\u00e1vn\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed, in\u017een\u00fdrem budovy, ukl\u00edze\u010dkami, elektrik\u00e1\u0159em. Komunikujete s respektem. Jste jejich kolegov\u00e9. Mnoho \u00fakol\u016f m\u00e1te spole\u010dn\u00fdch. M\u011bli byste si navz\u00e1jem pom\u00e1hat. <\/p>\n

Kvality<\/i>. Zru\u010dn\u00e9 ruce, pe\u010dlivost, l\u00e1ska k po\u0159\u00e1dku.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\u00darove\u0148 2: EniKey<\/h4>\n

\n\u00dakoly<\/i>. Pr\u00e1ce s u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdmi programy. 80 % technick\u00e9 podpory spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na EniKey.<\/p>\n

Sed\u00e1me k po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. V\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i zp\u016fsoby, jak vy\u0159e\u0161it v\u011bt\u0161inu probl\u00e9m\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi se u\u017eivatel\u00e9 obracej\u00ed, zn\u00e1te minim\u00e1ln\u011b. To vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 jistou shov\u00edvavost. Ale pamatujte, pen\u00edze pro firmu vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed oni. A vy jen um\u00edte rychle p\u0159einstalovat Windows a v\u00edte, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 typy tiskov\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u016f byste nikdy nem\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edvat. V podstat\u011b jste jen velmi pokro\u010dil\u00fd u\u017eivatel. M\u016f\u017eete vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m s tabulkou v Excelu a dokumentem ve Wordu. Nainstalovat a nastavit jak\u00fdkoli program. <\/p>\n

Na t\u00e9to \u00farovni pracujete na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. V\u011bt\u0161inou za ciz\u00edm. Je pro v\u00e1s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zn\u00e1t specifick\u00fd software, kter\u00fd se v spole\u010dnosti pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. \u00da\u010detnictv\u00ed je v\u0161ude, tak\u017ee zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti nastaven\u00ed 1C na stran\u011b klienta v jak\u00fdchkoli konfigurac\u00edch jsou va\u0161\u00edm chlebem. Ale jsou tu tak\u00e9 design\u00e9\u0159i, pr\u00e1vn\u00edci, v\u00fdrobn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed. I oni maj\u00ed programy s vlastn\u00edmi zvl\u00e1\u0161tnostmi. N\u011bkdy se objevuj\u00ed i program\u00e1to\u0159i. Dobr\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va: v\u0161echno si nastav\u00ed sami. <\/p>\n

Interakce<\/i>. U\u017eivatel\u00e9. Ale nejen to. Online slu\u017eby vytla\u010duj\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 aplikace. Na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch se pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti, kontroluj\u00ed dod\u00e1vky, vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed povolen\u00ed, pracuj\u00ed s vl\u00e1dn\u00edmi kontrakty. Tyto slu\u017eby jste nenapsali vy. Ale pt\u00e1t se budou v\u00e1s. Pro\u010d se z t\u00e9to str\u00e1nky netiskne faktura v Excelu? A v\u010dera to fungovalo. Budete pot\u0159ebovat telefon podpory a p\u00e1r \u0161amansk\u00fdch bubn\u016f. <\/p>\n

Kvality<\/i>. Vytrvalost, schopnost rychle \u0159e\u0161it \u00fakoly, dochvilnost.<\/p>\n

3. \u00farove\u0148: Administr\u00e1tor syst\u00e9mu<\/h4>\n

\n\u00dakoly<\/i>. Slu\u017eby, servery, s\u00edt\u011b, z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, dokumentace.<\/p>\n

Zeptejte se enikeya: funguje server? Odpov\u00ed: je pot\u0159eba vz\u00edt kl\u00ed\u010de od serverovny a zkontrolovat, jestli hu\u010d\u00ed \u010dern\u00e1 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ka se zelen\u00fdmi lampi\u010dkami. <\/p>\n

Ale administr\u00e1tor syst\u00e9mu na tuto ot\u00e1zku odpov\u011bd\u011bt neum\u00ed.<\/b>Nejd\u0159\u00edve mus\u00ed pochopit, co se t\u00edm m\u00edn\u00ed. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o server 1C: Podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Ale nen\u00ed to jist\u00e9. Mo\u017en\u00e1 jde o datab\u00e1zi Microsoft SQL Server, ve kter\u00e9 tento 1C uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 data? Nebo o virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m Windows Server 2019, na kter\u00e9m b\u011b\u017e\u00ed tento SQL Server? Windows Server 2019 je na VMware ESX Server, na kter\u00e9m b\u011b\u017e\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b des\u00edtka dal\u0161\u00edch. virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch server\u016f<\/a>. A VMware ESX u\u017e b\u011b\u017e\u00ed na t\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00edni s hezk\u00fdmi lampi\u010dkami.
\nNa t\u00e9to \u00farovni m\u00e1te slu\u0161n\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d se dv\u011bma monitory, na jednom je otev\u0159en\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek \u201ejak nastavit XXX<\/i> v YYY<\/i>\u201c na druh\u00e9m - konzole vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho serveru s YYY<\/i>, kde se sna\u017e\u00edte ud\u011blat XXX<\/i>. A jste \u0161ikovn\u00ed, a v\u0161echno m\u00e1te skv\u011bl\u00e9, pokud je tento vzd\u00e1len\u00fd server v testovac\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Programov\u00e1n\u00ed skript\u016f, z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, monitorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my, datab\u00e1ze, virtualizace servery<\/a> \u2014 to jsou \u00fakoly syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora. U\u017eivatel\u00e9 ho unavuj\u00ed, odv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed ho od kr\u00e1sn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta konzolov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f, \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 soubor\u016f a cloudov\u00fdch server\u016f. Se \u0161\u00e9fov\u00e1n\u00edm tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nekomunikuje, proto\u017ee je pro n\u011bj obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 vysv\u011btlit, co vlastn\u011b d\u011bl\u00e1 a pro\u010d kupovat dal\u0161\u00ed server za 300 tis\u00edc.<\/p>\n

To v\u0161echno proto, \u017ee se syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor zab\u00fdv\u00e1 infrastrukturn\u00edmi slu\u017ebami.
\nZeptejte se Googla, co to je, a\u2026 nebude to jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti je v\u0161e jednoduch\u00e9.
\nJsou to syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 samy o sob\u011b nejsou pot\u0159eba. Ale jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed jin\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f. <\/p>\n

Tady je notebook. Pot\u0159ebujete ho pro pr\u00e1ci. Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 nastavit v\u00edce notebook\u016f, pot\u0159ebujete slu\u017ebu adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f Active Directory. AD je infrastrukturn\u00ed slu\u017eba. Lze se obej\u00edt bez Active Directory? Ano. Ale je to pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Tam, kde bylo pot\u0159eba p\u011bt administr\u00e1tor\u016f, si te\u010f vysta\u010d\u00edme s jedn\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Interakce<\/i>. Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor se p\u0159esto mus\u00ed hodn\u011b bavit. S jin\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mov\u00fdmi administr\u00e1tory. S administr\u00e1torem klienta budete \u0159e\u0161it, pro\u010d po\u0161ta nefunguje mezi po\u0161tovn\u00edmi servery va\u0161ich spole\u010dnost\u00ed. S poskytovatelem IP telefonie, pro\u010d nefunguje p\u0159\u00edpojka. S Diadocem, pro\u010d nefunguje elektronick\u00fd podpis dokument\u016f. S fran\u0161\u00edzantem 1C budete vyjas\u0148ovat hranice zodpov\u011bdnosti. A v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm je t\u0159eba zajistit virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro webov\u00e9 servery a p\u0159\u00edstup k datab\u00e1zi.<\/p>\n

Kvality<\/i>. Schopnost rozd\u011blit slo\u017eit\u00fd \u00fakol na n\u011bkolik jednoduch\u00fdch, trp\u011blivost, pozornost. Schopnost ur\u010dovat priority. <\/p>\n

3.1 pod\u00farove\u0148: S\u00ed\u0165a\u0159<\/h4>\n

\nS\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor. Je to odborn\u00edk na po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. Sv\u016fj velk\u00fd sv\u011bt. Bez s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdra se neobejde \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd poskytovatel, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd oper\u00e1tor ani banky. Ve velk\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch se s\u00edt\u00ed pobo\u010dek m\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165a\u0159 tak\u00e9 dost pr\u00e1ce. Z\u00e1klady tohoto povol\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011bl ovl\u00e1dat ka\u017ed\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor.<\/p>\n

3.2 pod\u00farove\u0148: V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159<\/h4>\n

\nTo jsou program\u00e1to\u0159i. Sv\u00e1 kasta, dokonce n\u011bkolik. Jedni p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed online obchody, jin\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v 1C. Pr\u00e1ce je zaj\u00edmav\u00e1, ale pokud m\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u00e1, netechnologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost pozici program\u00e1tora, mo\u017en\u00e1 nen\u00ed n\u011bco v po\u0159\u00e1dku s procesy. Syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1to\u0159i p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed k\u00f3d pro automatizaci sv\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f, ale p\u0159esto je syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor a v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 rozd\u00edln\u00e9 profese. <\/p>\n

4 \u00farove\u0148: Mana\u017eer<\/h4>\n

\n\u00dakoly<\/i>. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed IT. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed rizik. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed businessu. V\u00fdpo\u010det ekonomick\u00e9 efektivity.<\/p>\n

Pl\u00e1nujete strategii rozvoje IT. Kontrolujete tento proces. Sd\u00edl\u00edte svou vizi s veden\u00edm. Organizujete projekty v r\u00e1mci t\u00e9to strategie. Rozd\u011blujete zdroje \u010dasu va\u0161eho t\u00fdmu a rozpo\u010det odd\u011blen\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed v\u00e1m jedno, jak funguje Linux, ale zaj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00e1s, zda je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 p\u0159ej\u00edt z Windows na Linux z pohledu provozn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f. <\/p>\n

Nebudete se zab\u00fdvat t\u00edm, pro\u010d web nefungoval, ale v\u00edte, kolik st\u00e1la firmu hodinov\u00e1 odst\u00e1vka tohoto servisu. <\/p>\n

A kdy\u017e administr\u00e1tor d\u011bl\u00e1 v\u0161e pro to, aby to fungovalo a bylo stabiln\u00ed, pak mu vy, jako mana\u017eer, naopak p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017e\u00edte. Proto\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edte zm\u011bny. A zm\u011bny jsou rizikem pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, dodate\u010dnou prac\u00ed pro administr\u00e1tora a zpomalen\u00edm u\u010den\u00ed pro u\u017eivatele. <\/p>\n

Interakce<\/i>. Veden\u00ed, top management, outsourcingov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Komunikujete s podnikem. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat obchodn\u00ed procesy a jak IT m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit podnik\u00e1n\u00ed jako celek. <\/p>\n

Kvality<\/i>. Schopnost komunikovat s veden\u00edm, domlouvat se s jin\u00fdmi mana\u017eery, stanovit \u00fakoly a dosahovat jejich pln\u011bn\u00ed. Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bry<\/h4>\n

\nU\u017eivatel\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee za n\u011b budete m\u011bnit cartridges. Veden\u00ed by cht\u011blo vid\u011bt z va\u0161\u00ed strany n\u011bjak\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 iniciativy. Ob\u011b strany maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 argumenty. Naj\u00edt rovnov\u00e1hu mezi t\u011bmito po\u017eadavky a vybudovat vztahy v t\u00fdmu \u2014 to je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd \u00fakol. Jak to vy\u0159e\u0161\u00edte vy?
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Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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