{"id":53079,"date":"2019-11-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-22T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/samostoyatelnaya-diagnostika-zhestkih-diskov-i-vosstanovlenie-dannyh"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:56","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:56","slug":"samostoyatelnaya-diagnostika-zhestkih-diskov-i-vosstanovlenie-dannyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/samostoyatelnaya-diagnostika-zhestkih-diskov-i-vosstanovlenie-dannyh","title":{"rendered":"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1 diagnostika pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f a obnova dat","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku jsou pops\u00e1ny metody samodiagnostiky r\u016fzn\u00fdch poruch pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f podle symptom\u016f jejich projev\u016f, jako\u017e i zp\u016fsoby relativn\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho klonov\u00e1n\u00ed pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f s drobn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n

Byly probr\u00e1ny r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady ztr\u00e1ty dat a soubor optim\u00e1ln\u00edch akc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m pomohou obnovit va\u0161e informace bez ciz\u00ed pomoci, i bez hlubok\u00fdch znalost\u00ed struktury souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f pomoc\u00ed program\u016f pro automatick\u00e9 obnoven\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ale ne\u017e se pust\u00edte do jak\u00fdchkoli samostatn\u00fdch akc\u00ed, je t\u0159eba se d\u016fkladn\u011b sezn\u00e1mit se v\u0161emi materi\u00e1ly \u010dl\u00e1nku a teprve pot\u00e9 analyzovat stav va\u0161eho pevn\u00e9ho disku, aby va\u0161e pokusy nebyly posledn\u00edmi v \u017eivot\u011b \u00falo\u017en\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a abyste se nezbavili posledn\u00edch nad\u011bj\u00ed na obnoven\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch dat. <\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\n <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

OBSAH<\/h2>\n

\n<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00e1st prvn\u00ed: Diagnostika<\/h3>\n

<\/a><\/noindex>
\n1. Vizualn\u00ed kontrola<\/b><\/a><\/noindex>
\n2. Testovac\u00ed spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/b><\/a><\/noindex>
\n3. P\u0159\u00edprava na testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/b><\/a><\/noindex>
\n4. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/b><\/a><\/noindex>
\n5. Po sektorov\u00e1 kopie<\/b><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00e1st druh\u00e1: Obnova dat.<\/h3>\n

<\/a><\/noindex>
\n6. Metody obnovy dat<\/b><\/a><\/noindex>
\n7. Typick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady a doporu\u010den\u00e9 akce<\/b><\/a><\/noindex>
\n8. Kontrola integrity soubor\u016f<\/b><\/a><\/noindex>
\n9. \u010cast\u00e9 chyby u\u017eivatel\u016f<\/b><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Souhlas\u00edte s dal\u0161\u00edm postupem podle pokyn\u016f, uv\u011bdomujete si, \u017ee nikdo krom\u011b v\u00e1s samotn\u00fdch nenese odpov\u011bdnost za mo\u017en\u00e9 selh\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a nen\u00e1vratnou ztr\u00e1tu dat. Sada opat\u0159en\u00ed je zam\u011b\u0159ena na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnosti nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku, ale nezaji\u0161\u0165uje 100% ochranu.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Diagnostika<\/h2>\n

\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

1. Vizualn\u00ed kontrola<\/h4>\n

\nProzkoumejte za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edtomnost deformac\u00ed, chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch nebo sp\u00e1len\u00fdch prvk\u016f na desce \u0159adi\u010de, zkontrolujte integritu konektor\u016f. Pokud zjist\u00edte n\u011bjak\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 po\u0161kozen\u00ed nebo sp\u00e1len\u00e9 prvky, d\u016frazn\u011b se nedoporu\u010duje pokou\u0161et se nap\u00e1jet takov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, aby nedo\u0161lo k dal\u0161\u00edmu zhor\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Pomoc\u00ed \u0161roubov\u00e1k\u016f (obvykle Torx \u2013 T5, T6, T9) od\u0161roubujte \u0161rouby, kter\u00e9 upev\u0148uj\u00ed desku \u0159adi\u010de, a zkontrolujte stav kontaktn\u00edch ploch na desce \u0159adi\u010de. <\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 2 na kontaktn\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch je p\u0159\u00edtomna oxidov\u00e1 vrstva<\/i><\/p>\n

Pokud jsou na kontaktn\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch oxidy, m\u016f\u017eete se pokusit je b\u011b\u017enou gumou odstranit. S gumi\u010dkou je mo\u017en\u00e9 pracovat pouze na ploch\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch, jak je zobrazeno na obr\u00e1zku. V jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je takov\u00fd z\u00e1sah nepou\u017eiteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 3 o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 kontaktn\u00ed plochy.<\/i><\/p>\n

Pokud zjist\u00edte n\u011bjak\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed desky, nem\u011bli byste se pokou\u0161et v modern\u00edch pevn\u00fdch disc\u00edch vym\u011bnit \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed desku za podobn\u00fd model, proto\u017ee v modern\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch mohou b\u00fdt v EEPROM na desce r\u016fzn\u00e9 adaptivn\u00ed parametry, kter\u00e9 se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed b\u011bhem v\u00fdrobn\u00edho procesu a jsou unik\u00e1tn\u00ed pro ka\u017ed\u00fd disk. V relativn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mohou ciz\u00ed parametry zp\u016fsobit po\u0161kozen\u00ed pevn\u00e9ho disku.<\/p>\n

Pokud m\u00e1te k dispozici p\u00e1jec\u00ed stanici, je t\u0159eba p\u0159en\u00e9st MCU, EEPROM, NV-RAM, NAND (v z\u00e1vislosti na tom, co je na desce \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho \u010dipu a co je t\u0159eba bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u011b p\u0159en\u00e9st) a po takov\u00e9 adaptaci pou\u017e\u00edt donorskou \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed desku. Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee pro adaptaci mnoha \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch desek sta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e9st pouze \u010dip EEPROM.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru desky se nejprve pod\u00edvejte na odzna\u010den\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo PCB. Pot\u00e9 vyhodno\u0165te shodu ozna\u010den\u00ed MCU a VCM&SM \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed desky. Pokud se ozna\u010den\u00ed MCU a VCM&SM \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed desky na p\u016fvodn\u00ed desce a na desce donora li\u0161\u00ed, je vysok\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee deska potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho donora nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e1. V r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9 rodiny mohou existovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 verze desek a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mohou b\u00fdt s ur\u010ditou podm\u00ednkou vz\u00e1jemn\u011b kompatibiln\u00ed, ale nem\u011bli byste se pokou\u0161et to zji\u0161\u0165ovat doma.<\/p>\n

Pokud se pokus\u00edte pou\u017e\u00edt nevhodnou \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed desku (s jin\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem na PCB), m\u016f\u017ee to v\u00e9st ke sp\u00e1len\u00ed p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de zesilova\u010de.<\/p>\n

Pokud m\u00e1te multimetr, zkontrolujte obvody 5V a 12V na p\u0159\u00edtomnost zkratu. Tak\u00e9 zkontrolujte odpor vinut\u00ed motoru. Pokud m\u00e1te k dispozici zcela funk\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b stejn\u00fd disk (shodn\u00fd v\u00fdrobce, modelov\u00e1 \u0159ada, revize \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed desky), m\u016f\u017eete zkontrolovat, zda se stejn\u00fd po\u010det v\u00fdvod\u016f v konektoru sp\u00edna\u010de prosv\u00edt\u00ed na \u201ezem\u201c, a tak\u00e9 porovnat odpory. P\u0159i v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch rozd\u00edlech m\u016f\u017eete usoudit, \u017ee sp\u00edna\u010d-p\u0159edzesilova\u010d je vadn\u00fd, a na tom p\u0159estat s jak\u00fdmikoli pokusy o dal\u0161\u00ed obnoven\u00ed dat.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

2. Testovac\u00ed spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h4>\n

\nUjist\u011bte se, \u017ee va\u0161e testovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je funk\u010dn\u00ed, abyste se vyhnuli nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdm diagn\u00f3z\u00e1m a pokud nebyly zji\u0161t\u011bny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, kter\u00e9 by br\u00e1nily pokusu o spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159ipojte kabel pro rozhran\u00ed a nap\u00e1jec\u00ed kabel k odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm konektor\u016fm a zapn\u011bte nap\u00e1jen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pokud v\u00edte, \u017ee disk byl p\u0159i provozu ude\u0159en nebo upu\u0161t\u011bn, nebo pokud p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se k v\u00e1m dostal, za\u010dal vyd\u00e1vat klepaj\u00edc\u00ed zvuky, vyhn\u011bte se pokus\u016fm o zapnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech je nutn\u00e9 povinn\u011b otev\u0159\u00edt pevn\u00fd disk v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch laminar boxu (nebo \u010dist\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti) a d\u016fkladn\u011b prozkoumat pomoc\u00ed mikroskopu.<\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr\u00e1zek 4 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed kabel\u016f k pevn\u00fdm disk\u016fm.<\/i><\/p>\n

Po dod\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed by se disk m\u011bl za\u010d\u00edt ot\u00e1\u010det. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se to nemus\u00ed st\u00e1t u zcela funk\u010dn\u00edch disk\u016f, pokud z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu bylo do nastaven\u00ed disku zavedeno po\u017eadavek na zasl\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu spin up. <\/p>\n

P\u0159i ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddele vznik\u00e1 jemn\u00fd \u0161um od vzduchov\u00e9ho proudu. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch disc\u00edch je to sotva sly\u0161iteln\u00e9, a proto si m\u016f\u017eete vz\u00edt stetoskop (nebo dr\u017eet disk bl\u00edzko ucha p\u0159i dodr\u017een\u00ed v\u0161ech bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, abyste zabr\u00e1nili zkratu).
\nPokud m\u00edsto \u0161umu vzduchu sly\u0161\u00edte s\u00e9rii cyklick\u00fdch hu\u010d\u00edc\u00edch zvuk\u016f, tich\u00fdch p\u00edsk\u016f nebo zvuky, kter\u00e9 vzd\u00e1len\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed telefonn\u00ed vyzv\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed, pak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b disk nem\u016f\u017ee za\u010d\u00edt ot\u00e1\u010det h\u0159\u00eddel motoru. P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: zaseknut\u00ed BMG mimo parkovac\u00ed rampu (z\u00f3ny), zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddele motoru, porucha \u010dipu VCM&SM \u0159adi\u010de.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed vhodn\u00e9ho donorov\u00e9ho disku lze zkontrolovat verzi s vadou VCM&SM kontrol\u00e9ru, pokud jste ochotni prov\u00e9st pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u00fapravy donorov\u00e9 desky, jak je pops\u00e1no v bod\u011b \u201evizu\u00e1ln\u00ed inspekce\u201c.<\/p>\n

V p\u0159\u00edpadech zaseknut\u00ed BMG mimo parkovac\u00ed rampu obvykle vlastn\u00ed akce na z\u00e1klad\u011b vide\u00ed na youtube vedou k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch \u0161kr\u00e1banc\u016f na povr\u0161\u00edch desek nebo k odtr\u017een\u00ed slajdr\u016f. I kdy\u017e se v\u00e1m poda\u0159\u00ed relativn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b dostat BMG na parkovac\u00ed rampu, vady polymerov\u00e9ho povlaku, kter\u00e9 vznikly na m\u00edst\u011b zaseknut\u00ed slajdr\u016f, mikro\u0161kr\u00e1bance od slajdr\u016f, kter\u00e9 vznikly p\u0159i vyv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed BMG, spolu s procedurami offline skenov\u00e1n\u00ed a prachem z nevy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho vzduchu pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b neumo\u017en\u00ed p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst podstatn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dat ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm v\u00fdvoje dal\u0161\u00edch nevratn\u00fdch degrada\u010dn\u00edch proces\u016f. Jak prob\u00edh\u00e1 proces obnovy dat v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech v specializovan\u00e9 firm\u011b lze sezn\u00e1mit se v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. \u201eObnova dat z extern\u00edho pevn\u00e9ho disku Seagate FreeAgent Go\u201c<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

P\u0159i zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddele motoru je obvykle pot\u0159eba p\u0159en\u00e9st diskov\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek do hermetick\u00e9ho bloku donorov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. Takov\u00e1 akce doma bez odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy a nutn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f v 99,9 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f bude odsouzena k ne\u00fasp\u011bchu.<\/p>\n

Pokud se p\u0159i zapnut\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed neozve \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zvuk a disky neza\u010dnou ot\u00e1\u010det h\u0159\u00eddel\u00ed, mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy: nefunk\u010dn\u00ed kontroln\u00ed deska, nefunk\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159edzesilova\u010d, nefunk\u010dn\u00ed BMG.<\/p>\n

Jakmile disky za\u010dnou ot\u00e1\u010det h\u0159\u00eddel\u00ed, m\u011bly by kalibrovat, p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst firmware a po inicializaci p\u0159enosov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu by m\u011bly b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraveny. Pokud m\u00edsto kalibrace zazn\u00ed cyklick\u00e9 \u00fadery, sk\u0159\u00edp\u00e1n\u00ed nebo jin\u00e9 zvoniv\u00e9 zvuky, ihned vypn\u011bte disk. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou takov\u00fdch jev\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt: z\u00e1vada na BMG nebo p\u0159edzesilova\u010di, z\u00e1vada na \u010dipu VCM&SM kontrol\u00e9ru.<\/p>\n

Mikroprogramy n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed dotaz na p\u0159edzesilova\u010d p\u0159ed rozto\u010den\u00edm motoru, a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 odezvy nebo p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed odporu u n\u011bkter\u00e9 z hlav prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed nouzov\u00e9 zastaven\u00ed procesu po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed inicializace. Bohu\u017eel ne v\u0161echny mikroprogramy dostate\u010dn\u011b kontroluj\u00ed funk\u010dnost samotn\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a povoluj\u00ed pokusy o spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zjevn\u011b problematick\u00e9ho pevn\u00e9ho disku. P\u0159esazen\u00ed BMG se doporu\u010duje prov\u00e1d\u011bt v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch lamin\u00e1rn\u00edho boxu s \u010dist\u00fdm vzdu\u0161n\u00fdm tokem a specializovan\u00fdm n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00edm. D\u00e1le je t\u0159eba v\u011bd\u011bt, jak vyb\u00edrat d\u00e1rce, aby byl vybr\u00e1n s odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed reviz\u00ed p\u0159edzesilova\u010de, mapou hlav a podobn\u00fdmi adaptivn\u00edmi parametry. Pouh\u00e1 shoda v\u00fdrobce a modelu v\u016fbec nezaru\u010duje, \u017ee \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b je vhodn\u00fdm d\u00e1rcem. I kdy\u017e se poda\u0159\u00ed samostatn\u011b vybrat d\u00e1rce a prov\u00e9st postup p\u0159esazen\u00ed, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se neda\u0159\u00ed p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dat kv\u016fli souvisej\u00edc\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 kroky lze podniknout p\u0159i poru\u0161e \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed desky, je uvedeno v \u010d\u00e1sti \u201eVizualn\u00ed kontrola\u201c.<\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 5 siln\u011b po\u0161kr\u00e1ban\u00fd povrch desky (mnoho r\u00fdh).<\/i><\/p>\n

Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat, \u017ee s ka\u017ed\u00fdm pokusem o zapnut\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b s nefunk\u010dn\u00edm BMG existuj\u00ed rizika dal\u0161\u00edho po\u0161kozen\u00ed povrch\u016f desek, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k \u00fapln\u00e9 nemo\u017enosti obnovit data.<\/p>\n

Pokud \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b nevyd\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 podez\u0159el\u00e9 zvuky, m\u011blo by po proveden\u00ed v\u0161ech inicializa\u010dn\u00edch procedur b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 k \u010dinnosti. Od tohoto okam\u017eiku by m\u011blo b\u00fdt \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 na v\u00fdm\u011bnu dat p\u0159es rozhran\u00ed a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k portu z\u00e1kladn\u00ed desky PC by m\u011blo odpov\u011bd\u011bt na dotaz BIOSu na pas. Pokud je v\u0161echno v po\u0159\u00e1dku s p\u0159ipojen\u00edm a nastaven\u00edm BIOSu, ale disk z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 neviditeln\u00fd pro PC, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b existuj\u00ed probl\u00e9my v mikroprogramu \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e9 mu neumo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159ipravit se.<\/p>\n

Pokud \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b vrac\u00ed neplatn\u00e9 pasov\u00e9 \u00fadaje, nap\u0159\u00edklad jen n\u00e1zev modelu a nulovou kapacitu, nebo je n\u00e1zev modelu nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd a chyb\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee procesy inicializace selhaly a v mikroprogramov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou probl\u00e9my. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech nen\u00ed obvykle mo\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161it bez pou\u017eit\u00ed profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch softwarov\u00fdch a hardwarov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jednotliv\u00fdm v\u00fdb\u011b\u017ekem je p\u0159\u00edpad Seagate 7200.11 (rodina Moose), u kter\u00e9ho bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9 probl\u00e9my \u0159e\u0161it pomoc\u00ed RS232-TTL adapt\u00e9ru a b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho termin\u00e1lu, ale je t\u0159eba ch\u00e1pat, \u017ee bez porozum\u011bn\u00ed probl\u00e9mu mikroprogramu existuj\u00ed rizika, \u017ee se situace v\u00fdrazn\u011b zhor\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

D\u016frazn\u011b se nedoporu\u010duje aplikovat tuto metodiku na jin\u00e9 rodiny, proto\u017ee to povede k p\u0159epo\u010dtu p\u0159evodn\u00edku, kter\u00fd ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f bude chybn\u00fd a p\u0159\u00edstup do u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 z\u00f3ny bude blokov\u00e1n a\u017e do prvn\u00ed nesrovnalosti. Obnova dat je v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zna\u010dn\u011b zt\u00ed\u017eena.<\/p>\n

Pokud jsou ve vydan\u00e9m pasu \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b v\u0161echna pole spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 krom\u011b kapacity, je nutn\u00e9 zkontrolovat, zda to nen\u00ed d\u016fsledkem chyby BIOSu n\u011bkter\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch desek, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f pro spr\u00e1vu HPA, m\u00edsto aby odstranily mal\u00fd \u00fasek LBA rozsahu pro ulo\u017een\u00ed kopie BIOSu, odstran\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1TB.<\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 6 pasov\u00e1 kapacita disku 1TB po nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed BIOSu z\u00e1kladn\u00ed desky Gigabyte<\/i><\/p>\n

K vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto probl\u00e9mu lze pou\u017e\u00edt HDAT2 nebo jin\u00fd podobn\u00fd bezplatn\u00fd diagnostick\u00fd software, s jeho\u017e pomoc\u00ed lze vr\u00e1tit p\u016fvodn\u00ed pasovou kapacitu \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b a tak\u00e9 zak\u00e1zat mo\u017enost spr\u00e1vy HPA v DCO, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo opakov\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

3. P\u0159\u00edprava na testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h4>\n

\nP\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed disk\u016f mimo profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed komplexy je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159edem p\u0159ipravit opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Je nutn\u00e9 zak\u00e1zat automatick\u00e9 montov\u00e1n\u00ed odd\u00edl\u016f disku, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo necht\u011bn\u00fdm akc\u00edm opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

V opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu Windows je k tomu pot\u0159eba spustit s administr\u00e1torsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy diskpart<\/b> a prov\u00e9st p\u0159\u00edkaz automount disable<\/b>. Pokud byl potenci\u00e1ln\u011b probl\u00e9mov\u00fd disk d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159ipojen k tomuto opera\u010dn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu, je nutn\u00e9 odstranit parametry montov\u00e1n\u00ed z registru p\u0159\u00edkazem automount scrub<\/b>Pro aktivaci t\u011bchto nastaven\u00ed se doporu\u010duje restart.<\/p>\n

Je tak\u00e9 nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ipravit diagnostick\u00fd software. Pod Windows m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt bezplatn\u00fd PC3000 DiskAnalyzer, kter\u00fd krom\u011b diagnostick\u00e9 funkce umo\u017e\u0148uje tak\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed sektorov\u00e9 kopie. Tak\u00e9 je doporu\u010deno m\u00edt k dispozici bootovac\u00ed USB flash disk s HDAT2.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 p\u0159i diagnostice pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze tento software. M\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 alternativy, s v\u00fdjimkou n\u011bkter\u00e9ho placen\u00e9ho softwaru pro p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 d\u016fv\u011b\u0159iv\u00e9 u\u017eivatele, jeho\u017e reklamy mohou obsahovat fr\u00e1ze jako \u201e\u2026 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed program pro regeneraci fyzicky po\u0161kozen\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f. Nezakr\u00fdv\u00e1 vadn\u00e9 sektory, skute\u010dn\u011b je obnovuje!\u201c. P\u0159i velmi siln\u00fdch tvrzen\u00edch m\u00e1 takov\u00fd software obvykle velmi omezen\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 nep\u0159esahuj\u00ed mo\u017enosti bezplatn\u00e9ho softwaru, a ideologie pr\u00e1ce s defekty je sp\u00ed\u0161e zam\u011b\u0159ena na kone\u010dn\u00e9 zni\u010den\u00ed disku ne\u017e na pomoc p\u0159i dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat.<\/p>\n

Pokud se p\u0159i p\u0159ipojen\u00e9m disku doba bootov\u00e1n\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t zv\u00fd\u0161ila i p\u0159i vypnut\u00e9m automatick\u00e9m montov\u00e1n\u00ed svazk\u016f, doporu\u010duje se p\u0159eru\u0161it jakoukoli \u010dinnost, aby nedo\u0161lo k dal\u0161\u00edmu prohlouben\u00ed probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Podstatn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed doby bootov\u00e1n\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159i p\u0159ipojen\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u011b problematick\u00e9ho pevn\u00e9ho disku je velmi typick\u00fdm znakem toho, \u017ee na povrchu ploten disku existuj\u00ed vady. Zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i bootov\u00e1n\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu vznikaj\u00ed v d\u016fsledku p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f k vadn\u00fdm sektor\u016fm a pokus\u016f firmwaru prov\u00e1d\u011bt offline skenovac\u00ed postupy, kter\u00e9 nejsou schopny splnit.<\/p>\n

Po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m na\u010dten\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159ejd\u011bte do spr\u00e1vce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 disk je na seznamu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Pokud tam nen\u00ed, zkontrolujte, zda je nainstalov\u00e1n ovlada\u010d pro \u0159adi\u010d, ke kter\u00e9mu je p\u0159ipojen, a zda nen\u00ed s\u00e1m \u0159adi\u010d vypnut\u00fd na seznamu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Pokud je ovlada\u010d a nastaven\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu v po\u0159\u00e1dku, ale disk se v opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu neobjevil nebo se po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b ztratil, obvykle to nazna\u010duje \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum poruch. Nejp\u0159ijateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny jsou poruchy \u0159adi\u010dov\u00e9 desky, zamrznut\u00ed firmwaru disku nebo p\u0159epnut\u00ed disku do nouzov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 norm\u00e1ln\u011b reagovat na v\u011bt\u0161inu p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pro up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy m\u016f\u017eete zkusit na\u010d\u00edst DOS a pomoc\u00ed HDAT2 zkontrolovat parametry SMART. Pokud se objev\u00ed zn\u00e1mky vzniku vad (nenulov\u00e9 hodnoty pro atributy 5 a 197(C5) v oblastech nenormovan\u00fdch hodnot), lze usoudit, \u017ee bez z\u00e1sahu do nastaven\u00ed firmwaru doma nic nezm\u016f\u017eete. Pokud zn\u00e1mky vzniku vad nejsou, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou zamrz\u00e1n\u00ed nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159adi\u010dov\u00e9 desky. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u016f\u017eete zkusit pou\u017e\u00edt \u0159adi\u010dovou desku z donorsk\u00e9ho disku.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

4. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h4>\n

\nPo absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00edch krok\u016f a nepozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f pro zastaven\u00ed procesu lze p\u0159istoupit k dal\u0161\u00edmu hodnocen\u00ed stavu disku. V\u011bt\u0161ina disk\u016f vyroben\u00fdch v tomto stolet\u00ed obsahuje technologii S.M.A.R.T., kter\u00e1 monitoruje stav disku a zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti b\u011bhem jeho provozu. Podrobnosti o implementaci t\u00e9to technologie v HDD a kter\u00e9 parametry je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed sledovat p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed disk\u016f si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v na\u0161em \u010dl\u00e1nku \u201eCo je SMART a jak ho \u010d\u00edst\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Pou\u017eit\u00edm diagnostick\u00e9ho softwaru je t\u0159eba vy\u017e\u00e1dat parametry S.M.A.R.T. <\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 7 atributy SMART funk\u010dn\u00edho pevn\u00e9ho disku<\/i><\/p>\n

Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 posoudit ukazatele podle atribut\u016f 5 a 197(C5). Pokud jsou hodnoty ve sloupci RAW nulov\u00e9 nebo jsou ukazatele probl\u00e9m\u016f jednotliv\u00e9, je pot\u0159eba p\u0159ej\u00edt k dal\u0161\u00edmu testov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 8 atributy SMART disku se z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm po\u0161kozen\u00edm<\/i><\/p>\n

Pokud je po\u010det kandid\u00e1t\u016f na defekty trojcifern\u00fd nebo \u010dty\u0159cifern\u00fd, v\u011bt\u0161inou dal\u0161\u00ed pokusy o testov\u00e1n\u00ed povrchu nebo skenov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro automatick\u00e9 obnoven\u00ed dat probl\u00e9m je\u0161t\u011b zhor\u0161\u00ed, a\u017e po \u00faplnou nemo\u017enost z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dat.<\/p>\n

Pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dat v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zas\u00e1hnout do nastaven\u00ed firmware disk\u016f a vypnout procedury offline skenov\u00e1n\u00ed, veden\u00ed z\u00e1znam\u016f S.M.A.R.T., aby se zbavil disk pozad\u00ed proces\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b zkr\u00e1tit \u017eivotnost probl\u00e9mov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel, jednoduch\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby, bez hlubok\u00fdch znalost\u00ed architektury firmwaru disk\u016f a bez profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch komplex\u016f, to nebude mo\u017en\u00e9. Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fakol je ohodnotit stav ka\u017ed\u00e9 z hlav po jednotliv\u00fdch a lokalizovat hlavn\u00ed defektn\u00ed z\u00f3ny. Line\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed s opakovan\u00fdmi pokusy na defektn\u00edch \u00fasec\u00edch je v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech kontraindikov\u00e1no, jako\u017eto p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e disk na prvn\u00ed pohled funguje spr\u00e1vn\u011b a podle indikac\u00ed S.M.A.R.T. neobsahuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky defekt\u016f, nen\u00ed to z\u00e1rukou, \u017ee opravdu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nejsou. Proto je nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dnou f\u00e1zi testov\u00e1n\u00ed a vykonat verifikaci povrchu.<\/p>\n

Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 neust\u00e1le kontrolovat proces skenov\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159i objeven\u00ed ciz\u00edch zvuk\u016f nebo zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed velk\u00fdch z\u00f3n s chybami \u010dten\u00ed je t\u0159eba proces okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159eru\u0161it a disk odpojit, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo nevratn\u00fdm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm.<\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 9 graf skenov\u00e1n\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00edho disku<\/i><\/p>\n

Pokud je v\u00fdsledkem skenov\u00e1n\u00ed disku monot\u00f3nn\u011b klesaj\u00edc\u00ed graf z pohledu rychlosti a nejsou zaregistrov\u00e1ny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 chyby \u010dten\u00ed, lze disk pova\u017eovat za funk\u010dn\u00ed a p\u0159ej\u00edt na dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st.<\/p>\n

U disk\u016f s velk\u00fdm m\u00e9diak\u00fd\u0161tem a p\u0159enosy, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed od klasick\u00fdch (obvykle u disk\u016f s pl\u00e1tkov\u00fdm z\u00e1pisem (SMR)), m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt graf jin\u00e9 formy. Mohou nastat r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdpadky.<\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 10 graf skenov\u00e1n\u00ed disku s probl\u00e9movou hlavou<\/i><\/p>\n

Pokud p\u0159i verifikaci disku zjist\u00edte cyklick\u00e9 \"pomal\u00e9\" z\u00f3ny, je to typick\u00fd znak ne zcela funk\u010dn\u00ed hlavy. Nen\u00ed t\u0159eba \u010dekat, a\u017e budou zji\u0161t\u011bny defekty, a testov\u00e1n\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159eru\u0161it.<\/p>\n

V takov\u00e9 situaci nelze \u010dekat nic dobr\u00e9ho p\u0159i pokusu o vlastn\u00ed obnovu dat. S vysokou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed disk nep\u0159e\u017eije pokus o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed sektorov\u00e9 kopie b\u011b\u017en\u011b dostupn\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n

V p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy byly ve vzd\u00e1lenostech S.M.A.R.T. 5 a 197 (C5) nalezeny zn\u00e1mky zhor\u0161en\u00ed, nebo b\u011bhem verifikace byly nalezeny bodov\u00e9 defekty, je nezbytn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it kopii disku.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

5. Po sektorov\u00e1 kopie<\/h4>\n

\nPokud jsou v\u00fdsledky testov\u00e1n\u00ed disku v po\u0159\u00e1dku a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my nejsou zji\u0161t\u011bny, nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159et sektorovou kopii a m\u016f\u017eete pracovat s origin\u00e1ln\u00edm diskem. Av\u0161ak k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti se d\u016frazn\u011b doporu\u010duje tento krok nevynech\u00e1vat a d\u00e1le pracovat pouze s kopi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m pevn\u00e9m disku nebo disku s mal\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm defekt\u016f nen\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edl, jak\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pou\u017eijete, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, aby vytv\u00e1\u0159el \u00faplnou kopii. Tak\u00e9 je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nepou\u017e\u00edvat n\u011bkter\u00e9 volby program\u016f pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed komprimovan\u00e9ho obrazu, proto\u017ee pak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b budete moci pracovat pouze v r\u00e1mci mo\u017enost\u00ed softwaru, kter\u00fd takov\u00fd obraz vytvo\u0159il.<\/p>\n

V opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu Windows lze pou\u017e\u00edt n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed programy: WinHex, DMDE, PC3000 DiskAnalyzer, R-studio a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu Linux jsou mo\u017enosti standardn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edkazu dd dostate\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Ne v\u0161echny programy jsou zdarma, ale mnoh\u00e9 funkce verz\u00ed trial\/demo budou sta\u010dit k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kopie disku.<\/p>\n

Jako p\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eijeme WinHex pro klonov\u00e1n\u00ed disku. <\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 11 mo\u017enosti v menu WinHex pro klonov\u00e1n\u00ed disku<\/i><\/p>\n

Na kart\u011b 'N\u00e1stroje' vyb\u00edr\u00e1me mo\u017enost 'Diskov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje' a v rozbalovac\u00edm okn\u011b vyberte 'Klonovat disk' nebo jednodu\u0161e stiskn\u011bte Ctrl+D.<\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 12 nastaven\u00ed parametr\u016f klonov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/i><\/p>\n

Jako zdroj vyb\u00edr\u00e1me disk, kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba klonovat.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edjemcem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt disk stejn\u00e9ho nebo v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho objemu, tak\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 klonov\u00e1n\u00ed do souborov\u00e9ho obrazu.<\/p>\n

Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee na p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9m disku je dostatek voln\u00e9ho m\u00edsta.
\nV nastaven\u00ed kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed aktivovat mo\u017enost 'p\u0159esko\u010dit defektn\u00ed sektory'.<\/p>\n

Pokud m\u00e1 v\u00e1\u0161 disk sektor s fyzickou velikost\u00ed 4096 byt\u016f, ale v OS je prezentov\u00e1n s virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost\u00ed 512 byt\u016f, je nutn\u00e9 nastavit hodnotu 8, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm pokus\u016fm o \u010dten\u00ed problematick\u00e9ho sektoru.<\/p>\n

\u201e\u0160ablona pro nahrazen\u00ed vad zdroje\u201c \u2013 zadejte slovo nebo fr\u00e1zi, kter\u00e9 budou pou\u017eity k vypln\u011bn\u00ed oblasti ve zkop\u00edrovan\u00e9m souboru na m\u00edstech ne\u010diteln\u00fdch sektor\u016f ze zdroje. D\u00edky tomu bude snaz\u0161\u00ed naj\u00edt po\u0161kozen\u00e9 soubory.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kopie je nutn\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u011b sledovat cel\u00fd proces. Jakmile se objev\u00ed podez\u0159el\u00e9 zvuky, disk se zasekne nebo se zjist\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det probl\u00e9m\u016f, ne\u017e bylo p\u0159i prvotn\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed, je t\u0159eba okam\u017eit\u011b proces p\u0159eru\u0161it a disk odpojit, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo neodvratn\u00fdm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm.<\/p>\n

V profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u00edch pro obnovu dat, jako je DataExtractor, existuje mnohem v\u00edce mo\u017enost\u00ed pro nastaven\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed dat, a tak\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 sledovat stav disku, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje \u0161ance na \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 zotaven\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edtomnosti kvalifikovan\u00e9ho specialisty.<\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 13 nastaven\u00ed reakc\u00ed profesion\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159i probl\u00e9mech s \u010dten\u00edm<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Obnova dat<\/h2>\n

\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

6. Metody obnovy<\/h4>\n

\nDnes existuje spousta automatick\u00fdch program\u016f pro obnovu dat, kter\u00e9 nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed od u\u017eivatele \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 znalosti a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00edskat data t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jedn\u00edm kliknut\u00edm my\u0161i. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup v\u0161ak v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech ned\u00e1 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdsledek, nebo se ztrat\u00ed v mno\u017estv\u00ed nerelevantn\u00edch variant.<\/p>\n

Pro efektivn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci programu pro obnovu dat je nejlep\u0161\u00ed co nejv\u00edce z\u00fa\u017eit oblast vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed uv\u00e9st oblast skenov\u00e1n\u00ed a typ hledan\u00e9ho souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Toto up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee vylou\u010dit mnoho p\u0159edchoz\u00edch souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkladu nalezen\u00fdch metadat souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 14 P\u0159\u00edklad nastaven\u00ed R-studio pro vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed metadat po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/i><\/p>\n

Metadata souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu jsou struktury, kter\u00e9 popisuj\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed soubor\u016f, jejich n\u00e1zvy, atributy, pr\u00e1va p\u0159\u00edstupu k nim, logy atd. <\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 15 P\u0159\u00edklad metadat. Fragment z\u00e1znamu MFT (Master File Table v NTFS)<\/i><\/p>\n

Ne ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech programy pro automatickou obnovu p\u0159esn\u011b vypo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed referen\u010dn\u00ed bod v souvislosti se nalezen\u00fdmi metadaty a tak\u00e9 ne v\u017edy spr\u00e1vn\u011b filtruj\u00ed data r\u016fzn\u00fdch souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k chybn\u00e9 kalkulaci um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed pro v\u0161echny soubory; nav\u00edc r\u016fzn\u00e9 chybn\u00fd interpretace zvy\u0161uj\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fd objem dat, n\u011bkdy mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed kapacitu samotn\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n

V profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch komplexech jsou k dispozici n\u00e1stroje pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch svazk\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f s ru\u010dn\u011b zadan\u00fdmi parametry, jako\u017e i n\u00e1stroje pro vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed metadat s mo\u017enost\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed nadbyte\u010dn\u00fdch objekt\u016f.<\/p>\n

V p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy po\u017eadovan\u00e1 metadata souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ji\u017e neexistuj\u00ed nebo jsou nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1, je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt metodu vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed regul\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f charakteristick\u00fdch pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 typy soubor\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 16 0xFF 0xD8 0xFF regul\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdraz charakteristick\u00fd pro JPG soubory<\/i><\/p>\n

Programy automatick\u00e9 obnovy, kter\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161inou hledaj\u00ed t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem, maj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed nev\u00fdhody: chyb\u00ed struktura adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f a p\u016fvodn\u00ed n\u00e1zvy soubor\u016f, nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k anal\u00fdze struktury soubor\u016f a nedostate\u010dn\u011b se kontroluje integrita nalezen\u00e9ho souboru, co\u017e vede k mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadn\u00edch dat, kter\u00e1 nelze pou\u017e\u00edt; pro mnoh\u00e9 typy soubor\u016f nen\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na velikost.<\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 17 Nastaven\u00ed R-Studio pro vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed regul\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f va\u0161ich soubor\u016f<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

7. Typick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady a doporu\u010den\u00e9 akce<\/h4>\n

\nPo\u0161kozen\u00ed souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/b><\/p>\n

V d\u016fsledku selh\u00e1n\u00ed komponent\u016f PC, nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 funkce opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, n\u00e1hl\u00e9ho v\u00fdpadku nap\u00e1jen\u00ed b\u011bhem z\u00e1pisu na disk, nebo poruchy tvrd\u00e9ho disku mohou b\u00fdt po\u0161kozena metadata souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. U mnoha typ\u016f po\u0161kozen\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m nebude schopen p\u0159ipojit svazek s po\u0161kozen\u00fdm souborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem.<\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 18 po\u0161kozen\u00e1 metadata souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (nerozeznan\u00fd souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m RAW)<\/i><\/p>\n

V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech je metoda vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed metadat souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu v r\u00e1mci existuj\u00edc\u00edho odd\u00edlu dostate\u010dn\u011b efektivn\u00ed. P\u0159i drobn\u00fdch po\u0161kozen\u00edch lze dos\u00e1hnout v\u00fdsledku bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho 100 %. Toto doporu\u010den\u00ed je aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pro v\u011bt\u0161inu r\u016fzn\u00fdch souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b existuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy v d\u016fsledku selh\u00e1n\u00ed dojde k po\u0161kozen\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed metadat aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, pokud prvn\u00ed varianta nefungovala, je nutn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt metodu anal\u00fdzy regul\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f pro vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch soubor\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ce specialisty se li\u0161\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee posuzuje povahu po\u0161kozen\u00ed metadat a pokud nejsou zni\u010dena, ale jsou zkreslena, je mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st ru\u010dn\u00ed \u00fapravy v hexadecim\u00e1ln\u00edm editoru.<\/p>\n

Odstran\u011bn\u00ed souboru nebo skupiny soubor\u016f.<\/b><\/p>\n

Chybn\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed dat je pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad. D\u016fsledky tohoto kroku siln\u011b z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a tak\u00e9 u relativn\u011b nov\u00fdch disk\u016f na ideologii fungov\u00e1n\u00ed firmwaru samotn\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pokud byly soubory odstran\u011bny na odd\u00edlu se souborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem NTFS, optim\u00e1ln\u00ed metodou vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed bude expresn\u00ed anal\u00fdza v r\u016fzn\u00fdch utilit\u00e1ch, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 se rychle skenuj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 struktury (MFT, Index, Logfile) bez \u00fapln\u00e9ho skenov\u00e1n\u00ed odd\u00edlu. Pokud pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 souborov\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy a prostor, kter\u00fd tyto soubory zab\u00edraj\u00ed, nejsou p\u0159eps\u00e1ny jin\u00fdmi daty, je mo\u017en\u00e9 rychle z\u00edskat zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 soubory.<\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 19 po skenov\u00e1n\u00ed $MFT jsou fialov\u011b zv\u00fdrazn\u011bny z\u00e1znamy evidovan\u00e9 jako odstran\u011bn\u00e9.<\/i><\/p>\n

Pokud p\u0159i rychl\u00e9m skenov\u00e1n\u00ed nejsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u00fadaje nalezeny nebo jsou po\u0161kozen\u00e9, je mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st \u00fapln\u00e9 skenov\u00e1n\u00ed odd\u00edlu, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se v\u00fdznamn\u011b nezm\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek a krom\u011b vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed regul\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f nez\u016fstane nic jin\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

V arzen\u00e1lu specialisty je k dispozici n\u00e1stroj pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed mapy nevyu\u017eit\u00e9ho prostoru a n\u00e1slednou anal\u00fdzu v\u00fdhradn\u011b v t\u011bchto oblastech, co\u017e odstra\u0148uje z v\u00fdsledku obnoven\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00ed data. To v\u00fdrazn\u011b \u0161et\u0159\u00ed \u010das u\u017eivatele p\u0159i dal\u0161\u00edm vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch soubor\u016f mezi mnoha anonymn\u00edmi daty.<\/p>\n

Pokud byly soubory smaz\u00e1ny na odd\u00edlu se souborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem FAT16 nebo FAT32, lze pou\u017e\u00edt anal\u00fdzu metadat a z\u00edskat \u010d\u00e1st dat s p\u016fvodn\u00edmi n\u00e1zvy. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b SFN bude prvn\u00ed znak v n\u00e1zvu souboru chyb\u011bt, pokud byl soubor s dlouh\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem, bude jeho \u00fapln\u00fd n\u00e1zev uveden v z\u00e1znamu LFN. Pokud se jedn\u00e1 o smazan\u00e9 fragmentovan\u00e9 soubory, obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed dat pomoc\u00ed automatick\u00fdch obnovovac\u00edch program\u016f nebude \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, proto\u017ee p\u0159i smaz\u00e1n\u00ed se v tabulce FAT ma\u017ee z\u00e1znam o \u0159et\u011bzci cluster\u016f, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed souboru. Tak\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b FAT32 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech krom\u011b smaz\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzce um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed souboru v obou kopi\u00edch tabulky, se v adres\u00e1\u0159i odstran\u00ed prvn\u00ed znak SFN a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed dva bajty v \u010d\u00edsle prvn\u00edho clusteru, kter\u00fd soubor zab\u00edr\u00e1. V\u011bt\u0161ina automatick\u00fdch obnovovac\u00edch utilit, kter\u00e9 analyzuj\u00ed metadata, nenajde spr\u00e1vnou pozici souboru.<\/p>\n

Obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed fragmentovan\u00fdch soubor\u016f je obvykle dost slo\u017eit\u00e1 \u010dinnost, kter\u00e1 je velmi \u0161patn\u011b automatizov\u00e1na. Metody automatizace lze vyv\u00edjet pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed typy struktur. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se \u00faloha redukuje na ru\u010dn\u00ed, n\u00edzkoprocentn\u00ed anal\u00fdzu p\u0159i vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch fragment\u016f. P\u0159\u00edklad podobn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce lze zhodnotit v \u010dl\u00e1nku \u201eObnoven\u00ed datab\u00e1ze 1C Podnik\u00e1n\u00ed (DBF) po form\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n

Pokud metody anal\u00fdzy metadat nevedly k nalezen\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch dat nebo pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 soubory nelze otev\u0159\u00edt, zb\u00fdv\u00e1 metoda vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed regul\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f. Mo\u017en\u00e1 bude mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1st soubor\u016f objevit.<\/p>\n

Pokud byly soubory smaz\u00e1ny na odd\u00edlu se souborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem HFS+, Ext 2, Ext3, Ext4, je bohu\u017eel anal\u00fdza metadat bezcenn\u00e1. Krom\u011b vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed regul\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 nic jin\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Smaz\u00e1n\u00ed odd\u00edlu s daty<\/b><\/p>\n

Pokud byl v n\u00e1stroji pro spr\u00e1vu disk\u016f omylem smaz\u00e1n jeden nebo v\u00edce odd\u00edl\u016f, doporu\u010duje se u\u017eivateli, kter\u00fd chce obnovit data, spustit automatick\u00e9 obnovovac\u00ed utility s \u00fapln\u00fdm skenov\u00e1n\u00edm cel\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Je tak\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed zohlednit polohu existuj\u00edc\u00edch odd\u00edl\u016f, aby se vylou\u010dily zjevn\u011b nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti v nalezen\u00e9m. <\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 20 smazan\u00fd odd\u00edl<\/i><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ce prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 specialistou se obvykle prov\u00e1d\u00ed relativn\u011b rychle, a to vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edch sektor\u016f a superblok\u016f na o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch m\u00edstech. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b nalezen\u00e9ho se vypo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 pozice za\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f odd\u00edl\u016f a jejich d\u00e9lka.<\/p>\n

Lze tak\u00e9 zkusit pou\u017e\u00edt DMDE nebo podobn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 mohou relativn\u011b rychle umo\u017enit naj\u00edt zn\u00e1mky za\u010d\u00e1tku odd\u00edlu a pokusit se zobrazit souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m nalezen\u00e9ho odd\u00edlu.<\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 21 v\u00fdsledek rychl\u00e9ho vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed odd\u00edl\u016f pomoc\u00ed DMDE<\/i><\/p>\n

Odd\u00edl je naform\u00e1tov\u00e1n s daty.<\/b><\/p>\n

V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se doporu\u010den\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 akc\u00ed siln\u011b li\u0161\u00ed podle typu souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159ed naform\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00edm odd\u00edlu, a jak\u00fd souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m se za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edvat po naform\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud byl odd\u00edl FAT32 s klastrem 8 kB naform\u00e1tov\u00e1n na FAT32 s klastrem 64 kB, velikost nov\u00fdch tabulek FAT byla 8kr\u00e1t men\u0161\u00ed a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem ob\u011b kopie nov\u00fdch tabulek zni\u010dily pouze prvn\u00ed kopii star\u00fdch tabulek FAT. V takov\u00e9 situaci m\u016f\u017ee nalezen\u00ed metadat v\u00e9st k v\u00fdsledku bl\u00edzk\u00e9mu 100 %. Pokud v\u0161ak byl odd\u00edl naform\u00e1tov\u00e1n na FAT32 s men\u0161\u00ed nebo stejnou velikost\u00ed klastru, ne\u017e byla p\u0159ed form\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00edm, nov\u00e9 \u010dist\u00e9 tabulky zcela p\u0159ep\u00ed\u0161\u00ed star\u00e9 a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zas\u00e1hnou oblast s u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdmi daty. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed metadat poskytne v\u00fdrazn\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledek.<\/p>\n

Pokud byla p\u0159ed form\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00edm odd\u00edlu pou\u017eita souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m FAT32 a odd\u00edl byl naform\u00e1tov\u00e1n na NTFS, nov\u00e9 struktury ($MFT, $Bitmap, $Logfile) se obvykle nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ne na za\u010d\u00e1tku odd\u00edlu a je vysok\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee metodou vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed metadat z\u00edsk\u00e1me v\u011bt\u0161inu dat s norm\u00e1ln\u00ed strukturou adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f a minim\u00e1ln\u00edmi po\u0161kozen\u00edmi samotn\u00fdch dat.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 procento zotaven\u00ed bude, kdy\u017e bude odd\u00edl se souborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem NTFS naform\u00e1tov\u00e1n na FAT32. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tabulky FAT zni\u010d\u00ed data na za\u010d\u00e1tku odd\u00edlu a obvykle nezas\u00e1hnou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 struktury NTFS. Neuspokojiv\u00fd v\u00fdsledek bude v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mal\u00e9ho objemu dat, jejich\u017e velikost je srovnateln\u00e1 s velikostmi dvou kopi\u00ed tabulek FAT.<\/p>\n

Pokud u\u017eivatel nechce \u0159e\u0161it podrobnosti o um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed metadat r\u016fzn\u00fdch souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, je logick\u00fdm krokem spustit utilitu automatick\u00e9ho obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed dat v re\u017eimu hled\u00e1n\u00ed metadat. A v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je z\u00edsk\u00e1n nedostate\u010dn\u00fd objem dat, pou\u017e\u00edt metodu hled\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed regul\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f.<\/p>\n

Odd\u00edl byl naform\u00e1tov\u00e1n a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b p\u0159eps\u00e1n jin\u00fdmi daty.<\/b><\/p>\n

Jak u\u017e to \u010dasto b\u00fdv\u00e1, u\u017eivatel m\u016f\u017ee naform\u00e1tovat odd\u00edl a za\u010d\u00edt ho zapl\u0148ovat jin\u00fdmi daty, a\u017e si pozd\u011bji uv\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee na star\u00e9m odd\u00edlu byla d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 informace. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech neexistuje jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 doporu\u010den\u00ed. V\u0161echno velmi z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, kolik (po\u010detn\u011b a objemov\u011b) nov\u00fdch dat bylo zaps\u00e1no, a tak\u00e9 na tom, kde se tato data nach\u00e1zej\u00ed. V z\u00e1vislosti na podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdsledek od 0 do t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 100%. Nen\u00ed to mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit bez p\u0159\u00edtomnosti.<\/p>\n

V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech s velk\u00fdm p\u0159ekryt\u00edm oblasti dat d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl za\u010d\u00edt metodou hled\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed regul\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f pro pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 typy soubor\u016f, abychom zjistili, zda je\u0161t\u011b existuj\u00ed zn\u00e1mky o existenci pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch dat, a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jejich nalezen\u00ed prov\u00e9st hled\u00e1n\u00ed metadat souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

V laborato\u0159\u00edch obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed dat odborn\u00edk vytvo\u0159\u00ed mapu nevyu\u017eit\u00e9ho prostoru a provede hled\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed regul\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f pouze v t\u011bchto oblastech, aby vylou\u010dil z v\u00fdsledk\u016f hled\u00e1n\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00ed data. Tak\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro kontrolu integrity v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed po\u010det fale\u0161n\u00fdch rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed. A v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u00faloh\u00e1ch, jako je obnova jpg soubor\u016f (nap\u0159. dom\u00e1c\u00edho fotoalba), m\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e9st t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed podle informac\u00ed obsa\u017een\u00fdch v Exif tags jpg soubor\u016f, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed z\u00edskat chronologicky uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd v\u00fdsledek se\u0159azen\u00fd podle model\u016f fotoapar\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"Samoobslu\u017en\u00e1
\nObr. 22 v\u00fdsledek t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed JPG soubor\u016f nalezen\u00fdch pomoc\u00ed hled\u00e1n\u00ed regul\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f.<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u00e1hl\u00e9 ukon\u010den\u00ed proces\u016f m\u011bn\u011bn\u00ed velikosti, p\u0159esouv\u00e1n\u00ed nebo slu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed odd\u00edl\u016f.<\/b><\/p>\n

V p\u0159\u00edpadech havarijn\u00edho ukon\u010den\u00ed procedur diskov\u00fdch spr\u00e1vc\u016f p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b velikosti odd\u00edlu, jeho p\u0159esunu nebo slou\u010den\u00ed n\u011bkolika odd\u00edl\u016f bude t\u0159eba zjistit, jak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed kroky byly provedeny a v jak\u00e9 f\u00e1zi byla operace zastavena, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout maxim\u00e1ln\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k slo\u017eitosti a mno\u017estv\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch variac\u00ed zv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme pouze univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed variantu pro u\u017eivatele, kter\u00fd pot\u0159ebuje v\u00fdsledek s minim\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u010dtem krok\u016f. Jako objekt anal\u00fdzy je t\u0159eba zvolit cel\u00fd disk, aby bylo zaru\u010deno pokryt\u00ed v\u0161ech m\u00edst, kde jsou \u00fadaje um\u00edst\u011bny. Pou\u017eijte metodu vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed metadat a zkop\u00edrujte v\u0161echny varianty dat podle nalezen\u00fdch souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f. Vysok\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee v ka\u017ed\u00e9m z variant budou spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 soubory. Vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed regul\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f podle zadan\u00fdch typ\u016f soubor\u016f je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee v t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 ztr\u00e1t\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f o n\u00e1zvech a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed soubor\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

8. Kontrola integrity obnoven\u00fdch dat<\/h4>\n

\nJe d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat, \u017ee zobrazen\u00ed n\u00e1zv\u016f soubor\u016f v programu pro obnovu dat nebo po\u010det nalezen\u00fdch regul\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f nezaru\u010duje, \u017ee v\u0161e nalezen\u00e9 bude pou\u017eiteln\u00e9. Proto je nen\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou f\u00e1z\u00ed po obnoven\u00ed dat programem automatick\u00e9 obnovy \u2014 kontrola integrity samotn\u00fdch dat.<\/p>\n

Bohu\u017eel, neexistuje univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed bezplatn\u00fd prost\u0159edek pro kontrolu integrity velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch soubor\u016f. Ale jednotliv\u011b lze naj\u00edt bezplatn\u00fd software, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee kontrolovat jednotliv\u00e9 typy soubor\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad mnoho archiv\u00e1tor\u016f umo\u017en\u00ed zkontrolovat spr\u00e1vnost arch\u00edv\u016f, utilita MP3Diag m\u016f\u017ee zkontrolovat spr\u00e1vnost mp3 soubor\u016f, ImageMagick lze pou\u017e\u00edt pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed jpg soubor\u016f.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed nev\u00fdhodou mnoha bezplatn\u00fdch utilit pro kontrolu integrity soubor\u016f je, \u017ee nezaru\u010duj\u00ed \u00faplnou kontrolu soubor\u016f. A mohou se vyskytnout hromadn\u00e9 chyby.<\/p>\n

Pro mnoho typ\u016f soubor\u016f nem\u00e1 u\u017eivatel \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 mo\u017enosti ne\u017e vizu\u00e1ln\u011b hodnotit integritu dat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm postupn\u00e9ho otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f v odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch aplikac\u00edch.<\/p>\n

V profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch komplexech je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sada n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dnou kontrolu spr\u00e1vnosti soubor\u016f, co\u017e zbavuje v\u00fdsledek obnovy dat velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed nepot\u0159ebn\u00fdch soubor\u016f.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed nepot\u0159ebn\u00fdch soubor\u016f je nutn\u00e9 zachytit po\u0161kozen\u00e9 soubory. Pokud jste vytvo\u0159ili sektorovou kopii s vypl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm vzorem nep\u0159e\u010dten\u00fdch sektor\u016f, je ot\u00e1zka nalezen\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00fdch soubor\u016f snadno \u0159e\u0161iteln\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed hled\u00e1n\u00ed textov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce \u201eBAD!BAD!BAD!BAD!\u201c (v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edkladu byl pou\u017eit zapl\u0148ova\u010d \u201eBAD!\u201c). Po nalezen\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 zkontrolovat m\u00edru po\u0161kozen\u00ed, proto\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 form\u00e1ty soubor\u016f nemus\u00ed trp\u011bt ztr\u00e1tou mal\u00e9ho kusu dat, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt zcela nepou\u017eiteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

9. \u010cast\u00e9 chyby u\u017eivatel\u016f.<\/h4>\n

\nR\u016fzn\u00e9 pokusy o \u201eopravu\u201c vad s pou\u017eit\u00edm popul\u00e1rn\u00edch diagnostick\u00fdch utilit v nad\u011bji, \u017ee to vr\u00e1t\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k dat\u016fm, jsou jednou z hlavn\u00edch chyb mnoha u\u017eivatel\u016f. Pokusy skr\u00fdt defekty na disku s po\u0161kozen\u00fdm polymerem na povrchu ploten obvykle kon\u010d\u00ed obru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm ploten, m\u00edsto z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k dat\u016fm. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu se, bez znalosti povahy defekt\u016f na povrchu, d\u016frazn\u011b nedoporu\u010duje prov\u00e1d\u011bt jak\u00e9koli servisn\u00ed operace nad diskem p\u0159ed z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00edm dat. Po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 obnov\u011b informac\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 se pokusit o \u00fadr\u017ebu disku, a pokud budete m\u00edt \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, disku m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt st\u00e1le vhodn\u00fd pro dal\u0161\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i m\u00e9n\u011b kritick\u00fdch \u00faloh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkdy se defekty t\u00fdkaj\u00ed metadat souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech se p\u0159i pokusu o p\u0159ipojen\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho svazku opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m dlouho zasekne. P\u0159i p\u0159ipojen\u00e9m problematick\u00e9m disku se doba spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017ee prodlou\u017eit na des\u00edtky minut. Jedn\u00edm z nejhor\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1pad\u016f k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto probl\u00e9mu je naform\u00e1tovat problematickou oblast. Nov\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 metadata se mohou zapsat spr\u00e1vn\u011b, a probl\u00e9m s dlouh\u00fdm spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu bude vy\u0159e\u0161en, ale \u00fakol obnovy dat se zt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a kvalita v\u00fdsledku obnovy m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b trp\u011bt.<\/p>\n

Kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed dat zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojem na stejnou partition, ze kter\u00e9 se pokou\u0161\u00edte obnovit soubory. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b obvykle v\u0161e kon\u010d\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee m\u00edsto dat u\u017eivatel obdr\u017e\u00ed odpad, a dal\u0161\u00ed pokus o obnoven\u00ed dat ji\u017e bude m\u00edt mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky. Pokud budete postupovat podle pokyn\u016f v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, tak se takov\u00e9 chyb\u011b vyhnete.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bna kontrola integrity obnoven\u00fdch dat a je zni\u010deno obsahu origin\u00e1ln\u00edho nosi\u010de spolu s jeho kopi\u00ed. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hroz\u00ed, \u017ee z\u016fstanete s hromadou slo\u017eek napln\u011bn\u00fdch chybov\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem pokusu o obnovu dat bez mo\u017enosti z\u00edskat kvalitn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek.<\/p>\n

\u0160patn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br n\u00e1stroje a metod pro obnovu dat, co\u017e vede k v\u00fdsledku, kter\u00fd je v\u00fdrazn\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e by mohl b\u00fdt. <\/p>\n

\nDouf\u00e1m, \u017ee tento soubor opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee se rozhodnout, zda situace s va\u0161\u00edm nosi\u010dem umo\u017e\u0148uje samostatn\u00e9 pokusy o obnovu dat a zda jste ochotni prov\u00e9st tuto sadu pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou uvedeny v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edchoz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek: Chozen\u00ed po mu\u010dednick\u00e9 cest\u011b nebo dlouh\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh jednoho pokusu o obnovu dat<\/a><\/noindex>
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Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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