{"id":53324,"date":"2019-11-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-28T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/vypusk-bubblewrap-0-4-0-proslojki-dlya-sozdaniya-izolirovannyh-okruzhenij"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:13","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:13","slug":"vypusk-bubblewrap-0-4-0-proslojki-dlya-sozdaniya-izolirovannyh-okruzhenij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-bubblewrap-0-4-0-proslojki-dlya-sozdaniya-izolirovannyh-okruzhenij","title":{"rendered":"Verze Bubblewrap 0.4.0, vrstvy pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed izolovan\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Dostupn\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> nov\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stroje Bubblewrap 0.4.0<\/a><\/noindex>, ur\u010den\u00e9ho pro organizaci pr\u00e1ce izolovan\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed v syst\u00e9mu Linux a funguj\u00edc\u00edho na \u00farovni aplikac\u00ed s neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdmi u\u017eivateli. V praxi je Bubblewrap pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n projektem Flatpak jako mezivrstva pro izolaci aplikac\u00ed spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch z bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f. K\u00f3d projektu je naps\u00e1n v jazyce C a distribuov\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex> pod licenc\u00ed LGPLv2+.<\/p>\n

Pro izolaci se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed technologie kontejnerov\u00e9 virtualizace pro Linux, zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pou\u017eit\u00ed cgroups, prostor\u016f n\u00e1zv\u016f (namespaces), Seccomp a SELinux. Pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed privilegovan\u00fdch operac\u00ed p\u0159i konfiguraci kontejneru je Bubblewrap spou\u0161t\u011bn s pr\u00e1vy root (spustiteln\u00fd soubor s suid-flagem), s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm zru\u0161en\u00edm privilegi\u00ed po dokon\u010den\u00ed inicializace kontejneru. <\/p>\n

Aktivace syst\u00e9mu prostorov\u00fdch jmen u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch identifik\u00e1tor\u016f (user namespaces), kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat v kontejnerech vlastn\u00ed odd\u011blenou sadu identifik\u00e1tor\u016f, nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba, proto\u017ee ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b distribuc\u00ed implicitn\u011b nefunguje (Bubblewrap je prezentov\u00e1n jako omezen\u00e1 suid-implementace podmno\u017einy schopnost\u00ed user namespaces - pro vylou\u010den\u00ed v\u0161ech identifik\u00e1tor\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f a proces\u016f z prost\u0159ed\u00ed, krom\u011b aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho, se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed re\u017eimy CLONE_NEWUSER a CLONE_NEWPID). Pro dodate\u010dnou ochranu prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch pod spr\u00e1vou
\n Bubblewrap spou\u0161t\u00ed v re\u017eimu PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, kter\u00fd zakazuje z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i aktivaci flagu setuid. <\/p>\n

Izolace na \u00farovni souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu se prov\u00e1d\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00edm v\u00fdchoz\u00edho nov\u00e9ho prostoru n\u00e1zv\u016f bod\u016f montov\u00e1n\u00ed (mount namespace), ve kter\u00e9m se pomoc\u00ed tmpfs vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd ko\u0159enov\u00fd odd\u00edl. Do tohoto odd\u00edlu se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed odd\u00edly extern\u00edho FS v re\u017eimu «mount —bind» (nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s volbou «bwrap —ro-bind \/usr \/usr» se odd\u00edl \/usr proch\u00e1z\u00ed z hlavn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu v re\u017eimu pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed). S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti jsou omezeny na p\u0159\u00edstup k loopback rozhran\u00ed s izolac\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edku pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f CLONE_NEWNET a CLONE_NEWUTS.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edm rozd\u00edlem od podobn\u00e9ho projektu Firejail<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 model spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s vyu\u017eit\u00edm setuid, m\u00e1 to, \u017ee v Bubblewrapu meziprodukt pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kontejner\u016f zahrnuje jen nezbytn\u00e9 minimum mo\u017enost\u00ed, a v\u0161echny roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 funkce, pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed grafick\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, interakci s plochou a filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f na Pulseaudio, jsou provedeny na stran\u011b Flatpak a realizov\u00e1ny a\u017e po zru\u0161en\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed. Firejail tedy spojuje v jednom spustiteln\u00e9m souboru v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 funkce, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje jeho audit a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti na n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00e9 \u00farovni.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed vynik\u00e1 implementac\u00ed podpory p\u0159ipojen\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00edch prostorov\u00fdch jmen u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch identifik\u00e1tor\u016f (user namespaces) a proces\u016f (pid namespaces). Pro spr\u00e1vu p\u0159ipojen\u00ed prostorov\u00fdch jmen byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edznaky \u201e--userns\u201c, \u201e--userns2\u201c a \u201e--pidns\u201c.
\nTato funkce nefunguje v re\u017eimu setuid a vy\u017eaduje pou\u017eit\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee fungovat bez z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v root, ale vy\u017eaduje aktivaci
\nu\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch prostor\u016f n\u00e1zv\u016f v syst\u00e9mu (ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed jsou zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny v Debianu a RHEL\/CentOS) a nevylu\u010duje mo\u017enost provozov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> potenci\u00e1ln\u011b<\/a><\/noindex> z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/a><\/noindex> zranitelnost\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> pro obvod omezen\u00ed \u201euser namespaces\u201c. Mezi nov\u00e9 funkce Bubblewrap 0.4 se rovn\u011b\u017e zmi\u0148uje mo\u017enost sestaven\u00ed s C-knihovnou musl m\u00edsto glibc a podpora ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o prostorov\u00fdch jmen do souboru se statistikou ve form\u00e1tu JSON.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f Bubblewrap 0.4.0, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 Linux \u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 Bubblewrap \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c Flatpak \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0421\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 LGPLv2+. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 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