{"id":53574,"date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/scada-na-raspberry-mif-ili-realnost"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:29","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:29","slug":"scada-na-raspberry-mif-ili-realnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/scada-na-raspberry-mif-ili-realnost","title":{"rendered":"SCADA na Raspberry: m\u00fdtus nebo realita?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
\nZima se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Programovateln\u00e9 logick\u00e9 kontrolery (PLC) jsou postupn\u011b nahrazov\u00e1ny vestav\u011bn\u00fdmi osobn\u00edmi po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. To je zp\u016fsobeno t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00fdkon po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uje jednomu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kombinovat funkce programovateln\u00e9ho kontrol\u00e9ru, serveru a (pokud m\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed HDMI v\u00fdstup) tak\u00e9 automatizovan\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edho m\u00edsta oper\u00e1tora. Souhrn: Webov\u00fd server, OPC \u010d\u00e1st, datab\u00e1ze a APM v jednom t\u011ble, a to v\u0161e za cenu jednoho PLC. <\/p>\n

V \u010dl\u00e1nku prozkoum\u00e1me mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed takov\u00fdch vestav\u011bn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f v pr\u016fmyslu. Vezmeme jako z\u00e1klad za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na Raspberry Pi, postupn\u011b pop\u00ed\u0161eme proces instalace otev\u0159en\u00e9ho bezplatn\u00e9ho Open Source SCADA syst\u00e9mu rusk\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje \u2014 Rapid SCADA, a tak\u00e9 vyvineme v n\u011bm projekt abstraktn\u00ed kompresorov\u00e9 stanice, jej\u00ed\u017e \u00fakoly zahrnuj\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed kompresoru a t\u0159\u00ed ventil\u016f, stejn\u011b jako vizualizaci technologick\u00e9ho procesu v\u00fdroby stla\u010den\u00e9ho vzduchu.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nHned si vyjasn\u00edme, \u017ee tuto \u00falohu lze \u0159e\u0161it dv\u011bma varianty. Z\u00e1sadn\u011b se od sebe nijak neli\u0161\u00ed, ot\u00e1zka spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 pouze v estetick\u00e9 a praktick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti. Tak\u017ee pot\u0159ebujeme:<\/p>\n

1.1 Prvn\u00ed varianta vy\u017eaduje p\u0159\u00edmo Raspberry Pi 2\/3\/4, stejn\u011b jako USB konvertor na RS485 (takzvan\u00fd \u201e\u010dip\u201c, kter\u00fd si lze objednat na Alliexpress).<\/p>\n

\"SCADA
\nObr\u00e1zek 1 \u2014 Raspberry Pi 2 a USB konvertor na RS485<\/i><\/p>\n

1.2 Druh\u00e1 varianta zahrnuje jak\u00e9koli hotov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na Raspberry, doporu\u010den\u00e9 pro instalace v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed se zabudovan\u00fdmi RS485 porty. Nap\u0159\u00edklad takov\u00e9, jako na obr\u00e1zku 2, na z\u00e1klad\u011b modulu Raspberry CM3+.
\n\"SCADA
\nObr\u00e1zek 2 \u2014 Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed AntexGate<\/i><\/p>\n

2. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s Modbus na n\u011bkolik ovl\u00e1dac\u00edch registr\u016f;<\/p>\n

3. PC na Windows pro konfiguraci projektu.<\/p>\n

\nF\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u010c\u00e1st I. Instalace Rapid SCADA na Raspberry;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n
  2. \u010c\u00e1st II. Instalace Rapid SCADA na Windows;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n
  3. \u010c\u00e1st III. V\u00fdvoj projektu a jeho nahr\u00e1n\u00ed na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed; <\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n
  4. Z\u00e1v\u011bry.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    \u010c\u00e1st I. Instalace Rapid SCADA na Raspberry<\/h2>\n

    1. Vypln\u00edme formul\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/noindex> na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Rapid Scada pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed distribu\u010dn\u00edho bal\u00ed\u010dku a st\u00e1hneme posledn\u00ed verzi pro Linux.<\/p>\n

    2. Rozbal\u00edme sta\u017een\u00e9 soubory a zkop\u00edrujeme slo\u017eku \u201escada\u201c do adres\u00e1\u0159e \/opt<\/i> za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. <\/p>\n

    3. Ulo\u017e\u00edme t\u0159i skripty ze slo\u017eky \u201edaemons\u201c do adres\u00e1\u0159e \/etc\/init.d<\/i><\/p>\n

    4. Poskytneme pln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup t\u0159em slo\u017ek\u00e1m aplikace:<\/p>\n

    sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb\/config\nsudo chmod -R ugo+rwx \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb\/log\nsudo chmod -R ugo+rwx \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb\/storage<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n5. D\u011bl\u00e1me skripty spustiteln\u00e9:<\/p>\n
    sudo chmod +x \/opt\/scada\/make_executable.sh\nsudo \/opt\/scada\/make_executable.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n6. P\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1me repozit\u00e1\u0159:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt install apt-transport-https dirmngr gnupg ca-certificates\nsudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp:\/\/keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF\necho \"deb https:\/\/download.mono-project.com\/repo\/debian stable-stretch main\" | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/mono-official-stable.list\nsudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n7. Instalujeme Mono .NET Framework:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt-get install mono-complete<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n8. Instalujeme Apache HTTP server:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt-get install apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n9. Instalujeme dal\u0161\u00ed moduly:<\/p>\n
    sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-mono mono-apache-server4<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n10. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme odkaz na webovou aplikaci:<\/p>\n
    sudo ln -s \/opt\/scada\/ScadaWeb \/var\/www\/html\/scada<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n11. Z st\u00e1hnut\u00e9ho archivu v adres\u00e1\u0159i \u201eapache\u201c kop\u00edrujeme soubor scada.conf<\/i> do adres\u00e1\u0159e \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available<\/i><\/p>\n
    sudo a2ensite scada.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n12. P\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00edme na tuto cestu sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/apache2.conf<\/i> a p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1me n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed na konec souboru:<\/p>\n
    Require all denied<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n13. Spou\u0161t\u00edme skript:<\/p>\n
    sudo \/opt\/scada\/svc_install.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n14. Restartujeme Raspberry:<\/p>\n
    sudo reboot<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n15. Otev\u00edr\u00e1me webovou str\u00e1nku:<\/p>\n
    http:\/\/IP-adresa za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\/scada<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n16. V otev\u0159en\u00e9m okn\u011b zad\u00e1v\u00e1me u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no \u201eadmin\u201c<\/i> a heslo \u201e12345\u201c<\/i>.<\/p>\n
    <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
    \u010c\u00e1st II. Instalace Rapid SCADA na Windows<\/h2>\n
    \nInstalace Rapid SCADA na Windows bude pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 pro nastaven\u00ed Raspberry a konfiguraci projektu. Teoreticky to lze d\u011blat i na samotn\u00e9 malin\u00e9, ale v technick\u00e9 podpo\u0159e n\u00e1m doporu\u010dili pou\u017e\u00edvat v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed na Windows, proto\u017ee zde to funguje spr\u00e1vn\u011bji ne\u017e na Linuxu.<\/p>\n
    Tak jdeme na to:<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. Aktualizujeme Microsoft .NET Framework na nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verzi;<\/li>\n
    2. St\u00e1hnout distribuce<\/a><\/noindex> Rapid SCADA pro Windows a instalujeme v offline re\u017eimu;<\/li>\n
    3. Spou\u0161t\u00edme aplikaci \u201eAdministrator\u201c. V n\u00ed budeme vyv\u00edjet samotn\u00fd projekt.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \nP\u0159i v\u00fdvoji je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat pozornost n\u011bkter\u00fdm aspekt\u016fm:<\/p>\n
      1. \u010c\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed registr\u016f v tomto SCADA syst\u00e9mu za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 s adresou 1, proto jsme museli zv\u00fd\u0161it \u010d\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch registr\u016f o jednu. V na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je to: 512+1 a tak d\u00e1le:<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nObr\u00e1zek 3 \u2014 \u010c\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed registr\u016f v Rapid SCADA (obr\u00e1zek je klikac\u00ed)<\/i><\/p>\n
      2. Pro p\u0159eprogramov\u00e1n\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f a spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed projektu na opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu Linux je t\u0159eba v nastaven\u00ed p\u0159ej\u00edt na \u201eServer\u201c -> \u201eObecn\u00e9 parametry\u201c a kliknout na tla\u010d\u00edtko \u201ePro Linux\u201c:<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nObr\u00e1zek 4 \u2014 P\u0159eprogramov\u00e1n\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f v Rapid SCADA (obr\u00e1zek je klikac\u00ed)<\/i><\/p>\n
      3. Ur\u010dujeme port dotazov\u00e1n\u00ed pro Modbus RTU tak, jak je ur\u010dov\u00e1n v syst\u00e9mu Linux za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je to \/dev\/ttyUSB0<\/i><\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nObr\u00e1zek 5 \u2014 P\u0159econfigurov\u00e1n\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f v Rapid SCADA (klikac\u00ed obr\u00e1zek)<\/i><\/p>\n
      Pokud m\u00e1te n\u011bjak\u00e9 dotazy, ve\u0161ker\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed instrukce k instalaci naleznete na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch spole\u010dnosti<\/a><\/noindex> nebo na jejich youtube kan\u00e1lu<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
      <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
      \u010c\u00e1st III. V\u00fdvoj projektu a jeho nahr\u00e1n\u00ed na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h2>\n
      \nV\u00fdvoj a vizualizace projektu prob\u00edh\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo v prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010di. To nen\u00ed zcela obvykl\u00e9 po desktopov\u00fdch SCADA syst\u00e9mech, ale je to ur\u010dit\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9. <\/p>\n
      R\u00e1di bychom vyzdvihli omezenou sadu vizualiza\u010dn\u00edch prvk\u016f (obr\u00e1zek 6). Mezi zabudovan\u00e9 komponenty pat\u0159\u00ed LED, tla\u010d\u00edtko, p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d, odkaz a ukazatel. Velk\u00fdm plusem je, \u017ee tento SCADA syst\u00e9m podporuje dynamick\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky a texty. P\u0159i minim\u00e1ln\u00edch znalostech grafick\u00fdch editor\u016f (Corel, Adobe Photoshop atd.) je mo\u017en\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159et vlastn\u00ed knihovny obr\u00e1zk\u016f, prvk\u016f a textur, a podpora GIF prvk\u016f umo\u017en\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed animace do vizualizace technologick\u00e9ho procesu. <\/p>\n
      \"SCADA
      \nObr\u00e1zek 6 \u2014 N\u00e1stroje editoru sch\u00e9mat v Rapid SCADA<\/i><\/p>\n
      C\u00edlem tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku nebylo podrobn\u011b popisovat krok za krokem proces grafick\u00e9ho vytvo\u0159en\u00ed projektu v Rapid SCADA. Proto se na tomto bod\u011b nebudeme podrobn\u011b zastavovat. V prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e vypad\u00e1 n\u00e1\u0161 jednoduch\u00fd projekt \"Syst\u00e9my p\u0159\u00edvodu stla\u010den\u00e9ho vzduchu\" kompresorov\u00e9 stanice takto (obr\u00e1zek 7): <\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nObr\u00e1zek 7 \u2014 Editor sch\u00e9mat v Rapid SCADA (klikac\u00ed obr\u00e1zek)<\/i><\/p>\n
      D\u00e1le nahr\u00e1v\u00e1me n\u00e1\u0161 projekt na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. K tomu uvedeme IP adresu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro p\u0159enos projektu nikoli na localhost, ale na n\u00e1\u0161 vestav\u011bn\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d:<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nObr\u00e1zek 8 \u2014 Nahr\u00e1n\u00ed projektu na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v Rapid SCADA (klikac\u00ed obr\u00e1zek)<\/i><\/p>\n
      Nakonec jsme dos\u00e1hli n\u011b\u010deho podobn\u00e9ho (obr\u00e1zek 9). V lev\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti obrazovky jsou LED diody, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed stav pr\u00e1ce cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (kompresoru) a tak\u00e9 stav pr\u00e1ce uz\u00e1v\u011br\u016f (otev\u0159en\u00e9 nebo zav\u0159en\u00e9), a ve st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti obrazovky se nach\u00e1z\u00ed vizualizace technologick\u00e9ho procesu s mo\u017enost\u00ed ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pomoc\u00ed p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d\u016f. P\u0159i otev\u0159en\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho uz\u00e1v\u011bru se barva m\u011bn\u00ed ze \u0161ed\u00e9 na zelenou, jak samotn\u00e9ho uz\u00e1v\u011bru, tak odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed trasy. <\/p>\n
      \"SCADA<\/a><\/noindex>
      \nObr\u00e1zek 9 \u2014 Projekt kompresorov\u00e9 stanice (klikac\u00ed GIF animace)<\/i><\/p>\n
      Zde<\/a><\/noindex> m\u016f\u017eete si st\u00e1hnout soubor tohoto projektu pro sezn\u00e1men\u00ed. <\/p>\n
      Na obr\u00e1zku 10 je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno, jak vypad\u00e1 to, co jsme celkov\u011b vytvo\u0159ili.<\/p>\n
      \"SCADA
      \nObr\u00e1zek 10 \u2014 SCADA syst\u00e9m na Raspberry<\/i>
      \n      <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
      Z\u00e1v\u011bry<\/h2>\n
      \nVznik mocn\u00fdch vestav\u011bn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it a doplnit funk\u010dnost programovateln\u00fdch logick\u00fdch kontrol\u00e9r\u016f. Instalace podobn\u00fdch SCADA syst\u00e9m\u016f na nich m\u016f\u017ee pokr\u00fdt \u00fakoly mal\u00fdch v\u00fdrob nebo technologick\u00fdch proces\u016f. Pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fakoly s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem u\u017eivatel\u016f nebo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdmi po\u017eadavky na bezpe\u010dnost bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nutn\u00e9 instalovat plnohodnotn\u00e9 servery, rozvad\u011b\u010de automatizace a b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 PLC. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b pro st\u0159edn\u00ed a mal\u00e9 automatizace, jako jsou mal\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed objekty, kotelny, \u010derpadlov\u00e9 stanice nebo inteligentn\u00ed domy, se takov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed jev\u00ed jako rozumn\u00e9. Podle na\u0161ich v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f jsou podobn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vhodn\u00e1 pro \u00fakoly a\u017e do 500 vstupn\u011b-v\u00fdstupn\u00edch bod\u016f.<\/p>\n
      Pokud m\u00e1te zku\u0161enosti s kreslen\u00edm v r\u016fzn\u00fdch grafick\u00fdch editorech a nevad\u00ed v\u00e1m, \u017ee budete muset sami vytv\u00e1\u0159et prvky mnemo sch\u00e9mat, je varianta s Rapid SCADA na Raspberry velmi optim\u00e1ln\u00ed. Jej\u00ed funkce jako p\u0159ipraven\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je pon\u011bkud omezen\u00e1, proto\u017ee je to Open Source, ale i tak umo\u017e\u0148uje pokr\u00fdt \u00fakoly mal\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobn\u00edho objektu. Tak\u017ee pokud si p\u0159iprav\u00edte \u0161ablony vizualizace, lze toto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt pro integraci, pokud ne pro v\u0161echny, tak pro n\u011bjakou \u010d\u00e1st va\u0161ich projekt\u016f. <\/p>\n
      Tak\u017ee abyste pochopili, jak u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro v\u00e1s takov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed na Raspberry a jak nahraditeln\u00e9 jsou va\u0161e projekty Open Source SCADA syst\u00e9my na Linuxu, vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 zcela rozumn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: jak\u00e9 SCADA syst\u00e9my pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te nej\u010dast\u011bji?<\/p>\n
      Pouze registrovan\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 se mohou \u00fa\u010dastnit ankety. P\u0159ihlaste se<\/a><\/noindex>, pros\u00edm.<\/p>\n
      Jak\u00e9 SCADA syst\u00e9my pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te nej\u010dast\u011bji?<\/h2>\n