{"id":53580,"date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/uyazvimosti-v-openbsd-pozvolyayushhie-povysit-privilegii-i-obojti-autentifikatsiyu-v-smtpd-ldapd-i-radiusd"},"modified":"2021-02-01T11:40:32","modified_gmt":"2021-02-01T09:40:32","slug":"uyazvimosti-v-openbsd-pozvolyayushhie-povysit-privilegii-i-obojti-autentifikatsiyu-v-smtpd-ldapd-i-radiusd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/uyazvimosti-v-openbsd-pozvolyayushhie-povysit-privilegii-i-obojti-autentifikatsiyu-v-smtpd-ldapd-i-radiusd","title":{"rendered":"Zranitelnosti v OpenBSD umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed a obch\u00e1zen\u00ed autentifikace v smtpd, ldapd a radiusd","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Spole\u010dnost Qualys <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.qualys.com\/laws-of-vulnerabilities\/2019\/12\/04\/openbsd-multiple-authentication-vulnerabilities\">odhalila<\/a><\/noindex> \u010dty\u0159i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qualys.com\/2019\/12\/04\/cve-2019-19521\/authentication-vulnerabilities-openbsd.txt\">zranitelnosti<\/a><\/noindex> V OpenBSD existuje n\u011bkolik zranitelnost\u00ed, z nich\u017e jedna umo\u017e\u0148uje vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed bez autentizace k n\u011bkter\u00fdm s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m, zat\u00edmco dal\u0161\u00ed t\u0159i zvy\u0161uj\u00ed privilegium v syst\u00e9mu. Ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b Qualys je zd\u016frazn\u011bna rychl\u00e1 reakce v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f OpenBSD \u2013 v\u0161echny probl\u00e9my byly <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openbsd.org\/errata66.html\">odstran\u011bny<\/a><\/noindex> v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openbsd.org\/errata65.html\">OpenBSD 6.5<\/a><\/noindex> a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openbsd.org\/errata66.html\">OpenBSD 6.6<\/a><\/noindex> b\u011bhem 40 hodin po soukrom\u00e9m ozn\u00e1men\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Vzd\u00e1len\u011b zneu\u017eiteln\u00e1 zranitelnost je zp\u016fsobena chybou v organizaci vol\u00e1n\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159ovac\u00edho zpracovatele v knihovn\u011b libc, kter\u00e1 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1<br \/>\nprogramu \/usr\/libexec\/auth\/login_style s p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00edm argument\u016f v p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1dku. P\u0159i vol\u00e1n\u00ed login_style pomoc\u00ed voliteln\u00e9ho parametru \u201e-s service\u201c lze tak\u00e9 p\u0159edat n\u00e1zev protokolu. Pokud na za\u010d\u00e1tku u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na pou\u017eijete znak \u201e-\u201c, bude toto jm\u00e9no zpracov\u00e1no jako volba p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed login_style. Pokud tedy p\u0159i autentizaci zad\u00e1te u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no \u201e-schallenge\u201c nebo \u201e-schallenge:passwd\u201c, login_style to vyhodnot\u00ed jako po\u017eadavek na pou\u017eit\u00ed zpracovatele <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S\/Key\">S\/Key<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee protokol S\/Key v login_style je podporov\u00e1n pouze form\u00e1ln\u011b a ve skute\u010dnosti je ignorov\u00e1n s v\u00fdstupem ukazatele \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 autentizace. \u00dato\u010dn\u00edk se tak m\u016f\u017ee, p\u0159edst\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee je u\u017eivatel \u201e-schallenge\u201c, vyhnout autentizaci a z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup bez zad\u00e1n\u00ed hesla nebo kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f. Potenci\u00e1ln\u011b jsou v\u0161echny s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed standardn\u00ed vol\u00e1n\u00ed libc pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed autentizace, touto probl\u00e9mem posti\u017eeny. Nap\u0159\u00edklad je potvrzena mo\u017enost obch\u00e1zen\u00ed autentizace v smtpd (AUTH PLAIN), ldapd a radiusd.<\/p>\n<p>U sshd se zranitelnost neprojevuje, proto\u017ee obsahuje dal\u0161\u00ed ochranu kontrolou p\u0159\u00edtomnosti u\u017eivatele v syst\u00e9mu. P\u0159esto lze sshd pou\u017e\u00edt k ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1chylnosti syst\u00e9mu k zranitelnosti \u2013 p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edstupu s u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem \u201e-sresponse:passwd\u201c se p\u0159ipojen\u00ed zablokuje, proto\u017ee sshd \u010dek\u00e1, \u017ee login_passwd vr\u00e1t\u00ed parametry vol\u00e1n\u00ed (challenge), zat\u00edmco login_passwd \u010dek\u00e1 na p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch parametr\u016f (jm\u00e9no \u201e-sresponse\u201c je ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako volba). Potenci\u00e1ln\u011b m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk zkusit obej\u00edt autentizaci v utilit\u011b su, ale p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed jm\u00e9na \u201e-sresponse\u201c zp\u016fsob\u00ed p\u00e1d procesu kv\u016fli vr\u00e1cen\u00ed nulov\u00e9ho ukazatele p\u0159i vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed funkce getpwnam_r(\u201c-schallenge\u201c, \u2026).<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed zranitelnosti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">  CVE-2019-19520 \u2014 lok\u00e1ln\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm manipulace s utilitou xlock, kter\u00e1 je dod\u00e1v\u00e1na s vlajkou sgid, m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed skupinu na \u201eauth\u201c. V k\u00f3du xlock je p\u0159epos\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed cest k knihovn\u00e1m zak\u00e1z\u00e1no pouze p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho identifik\u00e1toru (setuid), co\u017e \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi umo\u017e\u0148uje zm\u011bnit prom\u011bnnou prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u201eLIBGL_DRIVERS_PATH\u201c a spustit svou sd\u00edlenou knihovnu, jej\u00ed\u017e k\u00f3d bude vykon\u00e1n po zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed do skupiny \u201eauth\u201c.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2019-19522 \u2014 umo\u017e\u0148uje m\u00edstn\u00edmu u\u017eivateli, kter\u00fd je \u010dlenem skupiny \u201eauth\u201c, spustit k\u00f3d s opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00edm root p\u0159i aktivaci syst\u00e9mu p\u0159i autentizaci prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm S\/Key nebo YubiKey (ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed nejsou aktivn\u00ed). Za\u0159azen\u00ed do skupiny \u201eauth\u201c, k n\u00ed\u017e lze z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zneu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 zranitelnosti v xlock, umo\u017e\u0148uje zapisovat soubory do adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f \/etc\/skey a \/var\/db\/yubikey. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159idat nov\u00fd soubor \/etc\/skey\/root pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f pro autentizaci jako u\u017eivatel root prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm S\/Key.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2019-19519 \u2014 mo\u017enost zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed limit\u016f na zdroje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm manipulac\u00ed s utilitou su. P\u0159i zad\u00e1n\u00ed volby \u201e-L\u201c, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 cyklick\u00e9 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed pokus\u016f o autentizaci v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ne\u00fasp\u011bchu, je t\u0159\u00edda u\u017eivatele nastavena pouze jednou a nen\u00ed resetov\u00e1na p\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch pokusech. \u00dato\u010dn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e9st \u201esu -l -L\u201c a p\u0159i prvn\u00edm pokusu zadat ciz\u00ed p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00ed jm\u00e9no s jinou t\u0159\u00eddou \u00fa\u010dtu, ale p\u0159i druh\u00e9m pokusu se \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b autentizovat jako jeho vlastn\u00ed. V t\u00e9to situaci budou u\u017eivateli nastaveny limity odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b u\u017eivatele, kter\u00e1 byla zad\u00e1na p\u0159i prvn\u00edm pokusu (nap\u0159\u00edklad maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det proces\u016f nebo velikost pam\u011bti pro proces). Tato metoda funguje pouze pro p\u016fj\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed limit\u016f od nep\u0159ivilegovan\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f, proto\u017ee pro u\u017eivatele root je nutn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost ve skupin\u011b wheel).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u00e1le lze poznamenat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/undeadly.org\/cgi?action=article;sid=20191202105849\">realizaci<\/a><\/noindex> v OpenBSD nov\u00e9 metody kontroly zp\u016fsobilosti vol\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 d\u00e1le zt\u011b\u017euje zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zranitelnost\u00ed. Metoda umo\u017e\u0148uje vykon\u00e1vat syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 vol\u00e1n\u00ed pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jsou vol\u00e1na z p\u0159edem registrovan\u00fdch oblast\u00ed pam\u011bti. Pro ozna\u010den\u00ed oblast\u00ed pam\u011bti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=openbsd-cvs&amp;m=157500930922882&amp;w=2\">byla navr\u017eena<\/a><\/noindex> nov\u00e1 syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 funkce <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man.openbsd.org\/msyscall\">msyscall()<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51979\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Qualys \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 OpenBSD, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043c, \u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0435 Qualys \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 OpenBSD &#8212; \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 OpenBSD 6.5 \u0438 OpenBSD 6.6 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 40 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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