{"id":53598,"date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-3"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:31","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:31","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-3","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e9ho filtru nftables 0.9.3","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=linux-netdev&#038;m=157532146517289&#038;w=2\">Byl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn<\/a><\/noindex> vyd\u00e1n\u00ed paketov\u00e9ho filtru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netfilter.org\/projects\/nftables\/\">nftables 0.9.3<\/a><\/noindex>, vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se jako n\u00e1hrada za iptables, ip6table, arptables a ebtables d\u00edky unifikaci filtrovac\u00edch rozhran\u00ed pro IPv4, IPv6, ARP a s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 mosty. V bal\u00ed\u010dku nftables jsou komponenty filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f pracuj\u00edc\u00ed v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru, zat\u00edmco na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra pr\u00e1ci zaji\u0161\u0165uje subsyst\u00e9m nf_tables, kter\u00fd je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux od verze 3.13. Pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 zm\u011bny pro vyd\u00e1n\u00ed nftables 0.9.3 jsou zahrnuty v budouc\u00ed v\u011btvi j\u00e1dra Linux 5.5.<\/p>\n<p>Na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra je poskytov\u00e1no pouze obecn\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm protokolu a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat z paket\u016f, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed s daty a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed toku. P\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 logika filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed a specifick\u00e9 pro protokoly zpracovatele jsou kompilov\u00e1ny do bajtk\u00f3du v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru, kter\u00fd je potom nahr\u00e1n do j\u00e1dra pomoc\u00ed rozhran\u00ed Netlink a vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n ve speci\u00e1ln\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroji, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Tento p\u0159\u00edstup v\u00fdznamn\u011b sni\u017euje velikost k\u00f3du filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd pracuje na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra, a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u0161echny funkce anal\u00fdzy pravidel a logiku pr\u00e1ce s protokoly do u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed novinky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora \u010dasov\u011b v\u00e1zan\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f. Lze ur\u010dit \u010dasov\u00e9 a datov\u00e9 intervaly, ve kter\u00fdch se pravidlo spust\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 nastavit spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v jednotliv\u00fdch dnech v t\u00fddnu. Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na nov\u00e1 mo\u017enost &#171;-T&#187; pro v\u00fdstup epoch\u00e1ln\u00edho \u010dasu v sekund\u00e1ch.\n<p>     meta time &#092;&#187;2019-12-24 16:00&#092;&#187; &#8212; &#092;&#187;2020-01-02 7:00&#092;&#187;<br \/>\n     meta hour &#092;&#187;17:00&#092;&#187; &#8212; &#092;&#187;19:00&#092;&#187;<br \/>\n     meta day &#092;&#187;Fri&#092;&#187;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora obnovy a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed zna\u010dek SELinux (secmark).\n<p>     ct secmark set meta secmark<br \/>\n     meta secmark set ct secmark<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora map seznam\u016f synproxy, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed definovat v\u00edce ne\u017e jedno pravidlo na backend.\n<p>    tabulka ip foo {<br \/>\n            synproxy https-synproxy {<br \/>\n                    mss 1460<br \/>\n                    wscale 7<br \/>\n                    timestamp sack-perm<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            synproxy other-synproxy {<br \/>\n                    mss 1460<br \/>\n                    wscale 5<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain pre {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook prerouting priority raw; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 tcp flags syn notrack<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            \u0159et\u011bzec bar {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    ct state invalid,untracked synproxy name ip saddr map { 192.168.1.0\\\/24 : &#171;https-synproxy&#187;, 192.168.2.0\\\/24 : &#171;other-synproxy&#187; }<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n     }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mo\u017enost dynamick\u00e9ho odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed prvk\u016f set-nastaven\u00ed z pravidel zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f.\n<p>     nft add rule &#8230; delete @set5 { ip6 saddr . ip6 daddr }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora VLAN porovn\u00e1n\u00ed podle identifik\u00e1toru a protokolu ur\u010den\u00fdch v metadatech rozhran\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho mostu;\n<p>        meta ibrpvid 100<br \/>\n        meta ibrvproto vlan<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mo\u017enost &#171;-t&#187; (&#171;&#8212;terse&#187;) pro vylou\u010den\u00ed prvk\u016f set-nastaven\u00ed p\u0159i zobrazen\u00ed pravidel. P\u0159i proveden\u00ed &#171;nft -t list ruleset&#187; se zobraz\u00ed:\n<p>    tabulka ip x {<br \/>\n        set y {<br \/>\n                type ipv4_addr<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>A p\u0159i &#171;nft list ruleset&#187;<\/p>\n<p>    tabulka ip x {<br \/>\n        set y {<br \/>\n                type ipv4_addr<br \/>\n                elements = { 192.168.10.2, 192.168.20.1,<br \/>\n                             192.168.4.4, 192.168.2.34 }<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mo\u017enost uv\u00e9st v\u00edce ne\u017e jedno za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v \u0159et\u011bzc\u00edch netdev (funguje pouze s j\u00e1drem 5.5) pro kombinaci standardn\u00edch pravidel filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed.\n<p>     add table netdev x<br \/>\n     add chain netdev x y { &#092;<br \/>\n        type filter hook ingress devices = { eth0, eth1 } priority 0;<br \/>\n     }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mo\u017enost p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed popis\u016f typ\u016f dat.\n<p>    # nft describe ipv4_addr<br \/>\n    datatype ipv4_addr (IPv4 adresa) (basetype integer), 32 bits<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mo\u017enost sestaven\u00ed CLI rozhran\u00ed s knihovnou linenoise m\u00edsto libreadline.\n<p>     .\\\/configure &#8212;with-cli=linenoise<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51980\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.3, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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