{"id":53735,"date":"2019-12-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-08T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/nastoyashhee-summirovanie-internet-kanalov-openmptcprouter"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:40","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:40","slug":"nastoyashhee-summirovanie-internet-kanalov-openmptcprouter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nastoyashhee-summirovanie-internet-kanalov-openmptcprouter","title":{"rendered":"Skute\u010dn\u00e9 agregace internetov\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f \u2014 OpenMPTCPRouter","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Skute\u010dn\u00e9
\n
\nJe mo\u017en\u00e9 slou\u010dit n\u011bkolik internetov\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f do jednoho? Okolo t\u00e9to t\u00e9matu se to\u010d\u00ed spousta nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed a m\u00fdt\u016f, dokonce i zku\u0161en\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i \u010dasto nev\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee je to mo\u017en\u00e9. V\u011bt\u0161inou se slou\u010den\u00edm kan\u00e1l\u016f myln\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1 vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u00farovni NAT nebo failover. Skute\u010dn\u00e9 s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak umo\u017e\u0148uje pos\u00edlat jedno jedin\u00e9 TCP p\u0159ipojen\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159es v\u0161echny internetov\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly<\/b>, nap\u0159\u00edklad videop\u0159enos, tak aby p\u0159i p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoliv z internetov\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u0159estalo. <\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed drah\u00e9 komer\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro videop\u0159enosy, ale takov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed stoj\u00ed mnoho tis\u00edc dolar\u016f. V \u010dl\u00e1nku se popisuje nastaven\u00ed bezplatn\u00e9ho, otev\u0159en\u00e9ho bal\u00ed\u010dku OpenMPTCPRouter a vyvracej\u00ed se obl\u00edben\u00e9 m\u00fdty o s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed kan\u00e1l\u016f.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

M\u00fdty o s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed kan\u00e1l\u016f<\/h2>\n

\nExistuje mnoho b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch router\u016f, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed funkci Multi-WAN. N\u011bkdy ji v\u00fdrobci naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm kan\u00e1l\u016f, co\u017e nen\u00ed zcela p\u0159esn\u00e9. Mnoho s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch administr\u00e1tor\u016f v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee krom\u011b LACP<\/a><\/noindex> a s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed na \u00farovni L2 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 slou\u010den\u00ed kan\u00e1l\u016f neexistuje. \u010casto jsem sly\u0161el, \u017ee je to v\u016fbec nemo\u017en\u00e9 od lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pracuj\u00ed v telekomunikac\u00edch. Proto se pokus\u00edme objasnit popul\u00e1rn\u00ed m\u00fdty. <\/p>\n

Vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u00farovni IP p\u0159ipojen\u00ed<\/h2>\n

\nTo je nejdostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak vyu\u017e\u00edvat n\u011bkolik internetov\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f najednou. Pro jednoduchost si p\u0159edstavme, \u017ee m\u00e1te t\u0159i internetov\u00e9 poskytovatele, ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00e1m vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 skute\u010dnou IP adresu ze sv\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. V\u0161ichni tito poskytovatel\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ipojeni k routeru, kter\u00fd podporuje funkci Multi-WAN. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt OpenWRT s bal\u00ed\u010dkem mwan3, mikrotik, ubiquiti nebo jak\u00fdkoliv jin\u00fd b\u011b\u017en\u00fd router, proto\u017ee dnes u\u017e takov\u00e1 mo\u017enost nen\u00ed vz\u00e1cnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pro modelov\u00e1n\u00ed situace si p\u0159edstavme, \u017ee n\u00e1m poskytovatel\u00e9 vydali takov\u00e9 adresy:<\/p>\n

WAN1 \u2014 11.11.11.11\nWAN2 \u2014 22.22.22.22\nWAN3 \u2014 33.33.33.33\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTo znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se p\u0159ipojujeme k vzd\u00e1len\u00e9mu serveru example.com<\/b> P\u0159es ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z poskytovatel\u016f bude vzd\u00e1len\u00fd server vid\u011bt t\u0159i nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 IP adresy klienta. Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje rozd\u011blit z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e mezi kan\u00e1ly a vyu\u017e\u00edvat je v\u0161echny t\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u011b. Pro jednoduchost si p\u0159edstavme, \u017ee rozd\u011blujeme z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e mezi v\u0161echny kan\u00e1ly rovnom\u011brn\u011b. Kdy\u017e klient otev\u0159e web, na kter\u00e9m jsou hypoteticky t\u0159i obr\u00e1zky, ka\u017ed\u00fd obr\u00e1zek se na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 p\u0159es jin\u00e9ho poskytovatele. Na stran\u011b webu to vypad\u00e1 jako p\u0159ipojen\u00ed ze t\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch IP adres.<\/p>\n
\"Skute\u010dn\u00e9
\nP\u0159i z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9m vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed na \u00farovni p\u0159ipojen\u00ed, ka\u017ed\u00e9 TCP p\u0159ipojen\u00ed proch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159es samostatn\u00e9ho poskytovatele.<\/p>\n
Tento zp\u016fsob z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9ho vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasto p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my pro u\u017eivatele. Nap\u0159\u00edklad mnoho web\u016f pevn\u011b spojuje cookie a tokeny s IP adresou klienta, a pokud se ta n\u00e1hle zm\u011bn\u00ed, po\u017eadavek je odm\u00edtnut nebo se klient odhl\u00e1s\u00ed ze str\u00e1nky. To se \u010dasto reprodukuje v syst\u00e9mech online bankovnictv\u00ed a na dal\u0161\u00edch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch s p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdmi pravidly u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch relac\u00ed. Tady je jednoduch\u00fd n\u00e1zorn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad: hudebn\u00ed soubory na VK.com jsou dostupn\u00e9 pouze s platn\u00fdm kl\u00ed\u010dem relace, kter\u00fd je spojen s IP adresou, a u klient\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed takov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, se \u010dasto neda\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ehr\u00e1vat audio, proto\u017ee po\u017eadavek ode\u0161el p\u0159es jin\u00e9ho poskytovatele, ke kter\u00e9mu je relace p\u0159i\u0159azena.<\/p>\n
\"Skute\u010dn\u00e9
\nP\u0159i stahov\u00e1n\u00ed torrent\u016f z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed na \u00farovni p\u0159ipojen\u00ed sou\u010dtu p\u0159enosovou kapacitu v\u0161ech kan\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n
Toto z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje sou\u010dtovou rychlost internetov\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed mnoha p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd ze t\u0159\u00ed poskytovatel\u016f rychlost 100 Megabit\u016f, p\u0159i stahov\u00e1n\u00ed torrent\u016f dostaneme 300 Megabit\u016f. Proto\u017ee torrent otev\u00edr\u00e1 mnoho p\u0159ipojen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se rozd\u011bluj\u00ed mezi v\u0161echny poskytovatele a nakonec vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed cel\u00fd kan\u00e1l.<\/p>\n
Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozum\u011bt, \u017ee jedno jedin\u00e9 TCP p\u0159ipojen\u00ed v\u017edy projde pouze p\u0159es jednoho poskytovatele. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud stahujeme jeden velk\u00fd soubor p\u0159es HTTP, toto p\u0159ipojen\u00ed bude provedeno p\u0159es jednoho z poskytovatel\u016f, a pokud spojen\u00ed s t\u00edmto poskytovatelem sel\u017ee, tak i stahov\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159eru\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n
\"Skute\u010dn\u00e9
\nJedno p\u0159ipojen\u00ed v\u017edy vyu\u017eije pouze jeden internetov\u00fd kan\u00e1l.<\/p>\n
To plat\u00ed i pro video streaming. Pokud vys\u00edl\u00e1te streamovan\u00e9 video na n\u011bjak\u00e9m hypotetick\u00e9m Twitchi, pak vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed na \u00farovni IP p\u0159ipojen\u00ed nep\u0159inese \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed prosp\u011bch, jeliko\u017e videostream bude vys\u00edl\u00e1n v r\u00e1mci jednoho IP p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, pokud m\u00e1 WAN poskytovatel 3 probl\u00e9my s komunikac\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad ztr\u00e1tu paket\u016f nebo sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rychlosti, nebudete se moci okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159epnout na jin\u00e9ho poskytovatele. Vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed budete muset zastavit a znovu se p\u0159ipojit. <\/p>\n
Skute\u010dn\u00e9 sum\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed kan\u00e1l\u016f<\/h2>\n
\nRe\u00e1ln\u00e9 sum\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed kan\u00e1l\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uje poslat jedno p\u0159ipojen\u00ed na hypotetick\u00fd Twitch p\u0159es v\u0161echny poskytovatele tak, \u017ee pokud n\u011bjak\u00fd z poskytovatel\u016f sel\u017ee, p\u0159ipojen\u00ed se nep\u0159eru\u0161\u00ed. To je p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fd \u00fakol, kter\u00fd dosud nem\u00e1 optim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Mnoz\u00ed ani nev\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho je mo\u017en\u00e9! <\/p>\n
Z p\u0159edchoz\u00edch ilustrac\u00ed si pamatujeme, \u017ee hypotetick\u00fd server Twitch m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ijmout od n\u00e1s videostream pouze z jedn\u00e9 source IP adresy, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy st\u00e1l\u00e1, bez ohledu na to, kte\u0159\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 selhali a kdo funguje. Abychom toho dos\u00e1hli, pot\u0159ebujeme sum\u00e1rn\u00ed server, kter\u00fd ukon\u010d\u00ed v\u0161echna na\u0161e p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a slou\u010d\u00ed je do jednoho.<\/p>\n
\"Skute\u010dn\u00e9
\nSum\u00e1rn\u00ed server agreguje v\u0161echny kan\u00e1ly do jednoho tunelu. Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00ed z adresy sum\u00e1rn\u00edho serveru.<\/p>\n
V tomto sch\u00e9matu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u0161ichni poskytovatel\u00e9 a odpojen\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoli z nich nezp\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed spojen\u00ed se serverem Twitch. V podstat\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o speci\u00e1ln\u00ed VPN tunel, pod kter\u00fdm je n\u011bkolik internetov\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f. Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem takov\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu je dos\u00e1hnout co nejkvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho komunika\u010dn\u00edho kan\u00e1lu. Pokud nastanou probl\u00e9my u jednoho z poskytovatel\u016f, ztr\u00e1ta paket\u016f nebo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed latence, nem\u011blo by to m\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd dopad na kvalitu spojen\u00ed, jeliko\u017e z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e se automaticky rozlo\u017e\u00ed na jin\u00e9 kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kan\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 jsou k dispozici. <\/p>\n
Komere\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h3>\n
\nTento probl\u00e9m u\u017e dlouho tr\u00e1p\u00ed ty, kte\u0159\u00ed vedou \u017eiv\u00e9 p\u0159enosy ud\u00e1lost\u00ed a nemaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k kvalitn\u00edmu internetu. Pro takov\u00e9 \u00fakoly existuje n\u011bkolik komer\u010dn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad firma Teradek vyr\u00e1b\u00ed takov\u00e9 monstr\u00f3zn\u00ed routery, do kter\u00fdch se zasunuj\u00ed bal\u00edky USB modem\u016f:<\/p>\n
\"Skute\u010dn\u00e9
\nRouter pro videostreaming s funkc\u00ed agregace kan\u00e1l\u016f<\/p>\n
Takov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed obvykle obsahuj\u00ed mo\u017enost zachytit vide sign\u00e1l p\u0159es HDMI nebo SDI. Spolu s routerem se prod\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edplatn\u00e9 na slu\u017ebu agregace kan\u00e1l\u016f, stejn\u011b jako zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed video streamu, jeho p\u0159ek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed retransmise. Cena takov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 od 2k$ s sadou modem\u016f, k tomu se p\u0159ipo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 samostatn\u00e9 p\u0159edplatn\u00e9 na slu\u017ebu. <\/p>\n
N\u011bkdy to vypad\u00e1 dost d\u011bsiv\u011b:<\/p>\n
\"Skute\u010dn\u00e9
\n<\/p>\n
Nastavujeme OpenMPTCPRouter<\/h2>\n
\nProtokol MP-TCP<\/a><\/noindex> (MultiPath TCP) byl vynalezen pro mo\u017enost p\u0159ipojit se najednou k n\u011bkolika kan\u00e1l\u016fm. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jeho podporuje iOS<\/a><\/noindex> a m\u016f\u017ee se sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159ipojit k vzd\u00e1len\u00e9mu serveru p\u0159es WiFi a p\u0159es mobiln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee se nejedn\u00e1 o dv\u011b samostatn\u00e1 TCP p\u0159ipojen\u00ed, ale o jedin\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed, nav\u00e1zan\u00e9 najednou p\u0159es dva kan\u00e1ly. Aby to fungovalo, vzd\u00e1len\u00fd server mus\u00ed tak\u00e9 podporovat MPTCP.<\/p>\n
OpenMPTCPRouter<\/a><\/noindex> je otev\u0159en\u00fd projekt softwarov\u00e9ho routeru, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje skute\u010dn\u011b agregovat kan\u00e1ly. Auto\u0159i tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee projekt je ve st\u00e1diu alpha verze, ale ji\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e9 ho pou\u017e\u00edvat. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se ze dvou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u2013 agreguj\u00edc\u00edho serveru, kter\u00fd je um\u00edst\u011bn na internetu a routeru, ke kter\u00e9mu se p\u0159ipojuje n\u011bkolik internetov\u00fdch poskytovatel\u016f a samotn\u00e1 klientsk\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, telefony. Jako u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd router m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit Raspberry Pi, n\u011bkter\u00e9 WiFi routery nebo b\u011b\u017en\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d. Existuj\u00ed hotov\u00e9 sestavy pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 platformy, co\u017e je velmi pohodln\u00e9.<\/p>\n
\"Skute\u010dn\u00e9
\nPrincip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed OpenMPTCPRouter<\/p>\n
Nastaven\u00ed agreguj\u00edc\u00edho serveru<\/h2>\n
\nAgreguj\u00edc\u00ed server se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na internetu a terminates connections from all channels of the client router into one. The IP address of this server will be the external address when going online via OpenMPTCPRouter. <\/p>\n
Pro tuto \u00falohu budeme pou\u017e\u00edvat VPS server na Debian 10.<\/p>\n
Po\u017eadavky na agreguj\u00edc\u00ed server:<\/p>\n