{"id":53753,"date":"2019-12-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-08T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/nastupaet-epoha-arm-serverov"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:41","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:41","slug":"nastupaet-epoha-arm-serverov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nastupaet-epoha-arm-serverov","title":{"rendered":"Nast\u00e1v\u00e1 doba server\u016f ARM?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Nast\u00e1v\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex>
\nZ\u00e1kladn\u00ed deska SynQuacer E-Series pro 24j\u00e1drov\u00fd ARM server s procesorem ARM Cortex A53 a 32 GB RAM, prosince 2018<\/a><\/noindex><\/i> <\/p>\n

Mnoho let dominovaly ARM procesory s redukovanou sadou instrukc\u00ed (RISC) na trhu mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Ale nikdy se nepoda\u0159ilo proniknout do datov\u00fdch center, kde st\u00e1le vl\u00e1dnou Intel a AMD se sadou instrukc\u00ed x86. Ob\u010das se objev\u00ed jednotliv\u00e1 exoti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, jako je 24j\u00e1drov\u00fd ARM server na platform\u011b Banana Pi<\/a><\/noindex>, ale v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 nab\u00eddky zat\u00edm chyb\u00ed. P\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno, nebyly a\u017e do tohoto t\u00fddne.<\/p>\n

Tento t\u00fdden AWS spustila ve sv\u00e9m cloudu vlastn\u00ed 64j\u00e1drov\u00e9 ARM procesory Graviton2<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0\u2014 je to syst\u00e9m na \u010dipu s j\u00e1drem ARM Neoverse N1. Spole\u010dnost tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Graviton2 je mnohem rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ARM procesory p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace v instanc\u00edch EC2 A1, a zde jsou prvn\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 testy<\/a><\/noindex>.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nInfrastrukturn\u00ed byznys je o srovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00edsel. V podstat\u011b je z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm datov\u00fdch center nebo cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb jedno, jak\u00e1 architektura procesor\u016f je. Zaj\u00edm\u00e1 je pom\u011br ceny a v\u00fdkonu. Pokud je pr\u00e1ce na ARM levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na x86, pak je zvol\u00ed. <\/p>\n

A\u017e do ned\u00e1vna nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 jednozna\u010dn\u011b \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee v\u00fdpo\u010dty na ARM budou v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na x86. Nap\u0159\u00edklad 24j\u00e1drov\u00fd server ARM Cortex A53 je model SocioNext SC2A11<\/a><\/noindex> s cenou p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1000 $, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1zal rozb\u011bhnout webov\u00fd server na Ubuntu, ale v\u00fdkonov\u011b siln\u011b zaost\u00e1val za procesory x86.<\/p>\n

Ale \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 energetick\u00e1 efektivita ARM procesor\u016f n\u00e1s znovu a znovu nut\u00ed se na n\u011b d\u00edvat. Nap\u0159\u00edklad SocioNext SC2A11 spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 pouh\u00fdch 5 W. A na elekt\u0159inu p\u0159ipad\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 20 % v\u00fddaj\u016f datov\u00e9ho centra. Pokud tyto \u010dipy uk\u00e1\u017eou slu\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdkon, x86 nebude m\u00edt \u0161anci.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchod ARM: instance EC2 A1<\/h2>\n

\nNa konci roku 2018 AWS p\u0159edstavila instance EC2 A1<\/a><\/noindex> na sv\u00fdch ARM procesorech. Ur\u010dit\u011b to bylo sign\u00e1lem pro pr\u016fmysl o mo\u017en\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch na trhu, ale v\u00fdsledky benchmark\u016f byly neuspokojiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V tabulce n\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny v\u00fdsledky stresov\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> instanc\u00ed EC2 A1 (ARM) a EC2 M5d.metal (x86). Pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed byla pou\u017eita utilita stress-ng<\/code>:<\/p>\n

stress-ng --metrics-brief --cache 16 --icache 16 --matrix 16 --cpu 16 --memcpy 16 --qsort 16 --dentry 16 --timer 16 -t 1m<\/code><\/p>\n

Jak vid\u00edme, A1 se ve v\u0161ech testech uk\u00e1zalo h\u016f\u0159 ne\u017e konkurence, krom\u011b cache. V\u011bt\u0161ina dal\u0161\u00edch ukazatel\u016f ARM vykazovala v\u00fdrazn\u011b slab\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky. Tento rozd\u00edl v v\u00fdkonu je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 46% rozd\u00edl v cen\u011b mezi A1 a M5. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, instance na procesorech x86 z\u016fst\u00e1valy st\u00e1le v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z hlediska pom\u011bru cena\/v\u00fdkon:<\/p>\n

Test
\nEC2 A1
\nEC2 M5d.metal
\nRozd\u00edl<\/p>\n

cache
\n1280
\n311
\n311,58%<\/strong><\/p>\n

icache
\n18209
\n34368
\n-47,02%<\/strong><\/p>\n

, a ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:
\n77932
\n252190
\n-69,10%<\/strong><\/p>\n

cpu
\n9336
\n24077
\n-61,22%<\/strong><\/p>\n

memcpy
\n21085
\n111877
\n-81,15%<\/strong><\/p>\n

qsort
\n522
\n728
\n-28,30%<\/strong><\/p>\n

dentry
\n1389634
\n2770985
\n-49.85%<\/strong><\/p>\n

timer
\n4970125
\n15367075
\n-67,66%<\/strong><\/p>\n

\nSamoz\u0159ejm\u011b, mikrobenchmarky ne v\u017edy ukazuj\u00ed objektivn\u00ed obr\u00e1zek. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je rozd\u00edl v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m v\u00fdkonu aplikace. Ale i tady se situace uk\u00e1zala jako nen\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed. Kolegov\u00e9 ze Scylla porovnali instance a1.metal a m5.4xlarge s stejn\u00fdm po\u010dtem procesor\u016f. V b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m testu \u010dten\u00ed datab\u00e1ze NoSQL v konfiguraci s jedn\u00edm uzlem prvn\u00ed uk\u00e1zala 102 000 operac\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed za sekundu, zat\u00edmco druh\u00e1 610 000. V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech byly v\u0161echny dostupn\u00e9 procesory vyu\u017eity na 100 %. To odpov\u00edd\u00e1 poklesu v\u00fdkonu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u0161estkr\u00e1t, co\u017e nelze kompenzovat ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed cenou.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho instance A1 b\u011b\u017e\u00ed pouze na EBS bez podpory rychl\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed NVMe jako u ostatn\u00edch instanc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Celkov\u011b A1 p\u0159edstavoval krok do nov\u00e9ho sm\u011bru, ale nesplnil o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ohledn\u011b ARM.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edchod ARM: instance EC2 M6<\/h2>\n

\n\"Nast\u00e1v\u00e1<\/p>\n

V\u0161echno se zm\u011bnilo tento t\u00fdden, kdy AWS p\u0159edstavilo novou t\u0159\u00eddu ARM server\u016f a tak\u00e9 \u0159adu instanc\u00ed na nov\u00fdch procesorech Graviton2<\/a><\/noindex>, v\u010detn\u011b M6g a M6gd<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto instanc\u00ed ukazuje u\u017e \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fd obr\u00e1zek. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch testech ARM vykazuje lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mnohem lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e x86.<\/p>\n

Zde jsou v\u00fdsledky proveden\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkazu pro stresov\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p>\n

Test<\/strong>
\nEC2 M6g<\/strong>
\nEC2 M5d.metal<\/strong>
\nRozd\u00edl<\/strong><\/p>\n

cache
\n218
\n311
\n-29,90%<\/strong><\/p>\n

icache
\n45887
\n34368
\n33,52%<\/strong><\/p>\n

, a ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:
\n453982
\n252190
\n80,02%<\/strong><\/p>\n

cpu
\n14694
\n24077
\n-38,97%<\/strong><\/p>\n

memcpy
\n134711
\n111877
\n20,53%<\/strong><\/p>\n

qsort
\n943
\n728
\n29,53%<\/strong><\/p>\n

dentry
\n3088242
\n2770985
\n11,45%<\/strong><\/p>\n

timer
\n55515663
\n15367075
\n261,26%<\/strong><\/p>\n

\nTo u\u017e je \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e1 situace: M6g je p\u011btkr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e A1 p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed z datab\u00e1ze Scylla NoSQL a nov\u00e9 instance M6gd obsahuj\u00ed rychl\u00e9 NVMe disky.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1por ARM na v\u0161ech front\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n

\nProcesor AWS Graviton2 je jenom jedn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem vyu\u017eit\u00ed ARM v datov\u00fdch centrech. Ale sign\u00e1ly p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch stran. Nap\u0159\u00edklad 15. listopadu 2019 americk\u00fd startup Nuvia z\u00edskal 53 milion\u016f dolar\u016f rizikov\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Startup zalo\u017eili t\u0159i p\u0159edn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed pracovali na v\u00fdvoji procesor\u016f v Apple a Google. Sl\u00edbili, \u017ee vyvinou procesory pro datov\u00e1 centra, kter\u00e9 budou konkurenc\u00ed pro Intel a AMD.<\/p>\n

Podle dostupn\u00e9 informace<\/a><\/noindex>, Nuvia navrhla zcela nov\u00e9 procesorov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt postaveno \u201ena vrcholu\u201c architektury ARM, av\u0161ak bez z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed licence ARM.<\/p>\n

To v\u0161e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee ARM procesory jsou p\u0159ipraveny ovl\u00e1dnout serverov\u00fd trh. Koneckonc\u016f, \u017eijeme v post-PC \u00e9\u0159e. Ro\u010dn\u00ed dod\u00e1vky x86 poklesly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 10 % od vrcholu v roce 2011, zat\u00edmco dod\u00e1vky RISC vzrostly na 20 miliard. Dnes 99 % 32- a 64-bitov\u00fdch procesor\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b jsou RISC.<\/p>\n

Nositel\u00e9 Turingovy ceny John Hennessy a David Patterson v \u00fanoru 2019 publikovali \u010dl\u00e1nek \u201eNov\u00e9 zlat\u00e9 obdob\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 architektury\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>. Zde je, co p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed: <\/p>\n

Trh vy\u0159e\u0161il spor mezi RISC a CISC. I kdy\u017e CISC vyhr\u00e1l v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch \u00e9ry PC, RISC v\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e nastala doba post-PC. Nov\u00e9 ISA na CISC nebyly vytv\u00e1\u0159eny po desetilet\u00ed. K na\u0161emu p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed, obecn\u00fd n\u00e1zor na nejlep\u0161\u00ed principy ISA pro obecn\u011b u\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 procesory se dnes st\u00e1le klon\u00ed k RISC, 35 let po jeho vyn\u00e1lezu\u2026 V ekosyst\u00e9mech s otev\u0159en\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dem dokonale navr\u017een\u00e9 \u010dipy p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b demonstruj\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy a t\u00edm urychl\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed. Filosofi\u00ed obecn\u011b u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch procesor\u016f v t\u011bchto \u010dipech pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b bude RISC, kter\u00fd obst\u00e1l ve zkou\u0161ce \u010dasu. O\u010dek\u00e1vejte stejn\u011b rychl\u00e9 inovace jako v minul\u00e9m zlat\u00e9m obdob\u00ed, ale tentokr\u00e1t z hlediska n\u00e1klad\u016f, energie a bezpe\u010dnosti, a ne pouze v\u00fdkonu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\u201eV n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm desetilet\u00ed dojde k kambrick\u00e9 explozi nov\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch architektur, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dasy pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 architekty v akademick\u00fdch kruz\u00edch i v pr\u016fmyslu,\u201c uzav\u00edraj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043dc\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 SynQuacer E-Series \u0434\u043b\u044f 24-\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e ARM-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0435 ARM Cortex A53 \u0441 32 \u0413\u0411 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044c 2018 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u044b ARM \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 (RISC) \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041d\u043e \u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u044b, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 Intel \u0438 AMD \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 x86. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 \u00e9ra ARM server\u016f? 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