{"id":53854,"date":"2019-12-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-11T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/vvedenie-v-ssd-chast-2-interfejsnaya"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:47","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:47","slug":"vvedenie-v-ssd-chast-2-interfejsnaya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vvedenie-v-ssd-chast-2-interfejsnaya","title":{"rendered":"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/37fa13397c0b8ea7af2be17b51c7ed83.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/selectel\/blog\/475304\/\">p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti<\/a><\/noindex> cyklu \u201e\u00davod do SSD\u201c jsme hovo\u0159ili o historii vzniku disk\u016f. Druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na rozhran\u00ed pro interakci s \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti.<\/p>\n<p>Komunikace mezi procesorem a perifern\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi prob\u00edh\u00e1 podle p\u0159edem definovan\u00fdch dohod naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed. Tyto dohody reguluj\u00ed fyzickou a programovou \u00farove\u0148 interakce.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Rozhran\u00ed je souhrn prost\u0159edk\u016f, metod a pravidel pro interakci mezi prvky syst\u00e9mu.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nFyzick\u00e1 realizace rozhran\u00ed ovliv\u0148uje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed parametry:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>propustnost komunika\u010dn\u00edho kan\u00e1lu;<\/li>\n<li>maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>po\u010det vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch chyb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDiskov\u00e1 rozhran\u00ed jsou postavena na <b>vstupn\u011b-v\u00fdstupn\u00edch portech<\/b>, co\u017e je opakem vstupu a v\u00fdstupu p\u0159es pam\u011b\u0165 a nezab\u00edr\u00e1 m\u00edsto v adresn\u00edm prostoru procesoru.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u00e9riov\u00e9 a paraleln\u00ed porty<\/h2>\n<p>\nPodle zp\u016fsobu v\u00fdm\u011bny dat se vstupn\u011b-v\u00fdstupn\u00ed porty d\u011bl\u00ed na dva typy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>paraleln\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>s\u00e9riov\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nJak n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, paraleln\u00ed port pos\u00edl\u00e1 najednou strojov\u00e9 slovo slo\u017een\u00e9 z n\u011bkolika bit\u016f. Paraleln\u00ed port je nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob v\u00fdm\u011bny dat, proto\u017ee nevy\u017eaduje slo\u017eit\u00e9 sch\u00e9matick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. V nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je ka\u017ed\u00fd bit strojov\u00e9ho slova odes\u00edl\u00e1n po sv\u00e9 sign\u00e1ln\u00ed linii a pro zp\u011btnou vazbu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dv\u011b pomocn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ln\u00ed linky: <b>Data jsou p\u0159ipravena<\/b> a <b>Data byla p\u0159ijata<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cabledepot.com\/05DTSERPAR.html\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/7521e01508ceb9a7ab6c346fd55edb0e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nParaleln\u00ed porty se na prvn\u00ed pohled snadno \u0161k\u00e1luj\u00ed: v\u00edce sign\u00e1ln\u00edch lini\u00ed znamen\u00e1 v\u00edce bit\u016f p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch najednou a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed propustnost. Av\u0161ak v d\u016fsledku zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho se po\u010dtu sign\u00e1ln\u00edch lini\u00ed mezi nimi doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu ru\u0161en\u00ed, co\u017e vede k deformaci p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e9riov\u00e9 porty jsou opakem paraleln\u00edch. Odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed dat prob\u00edh\u00e1 po jednom bitu najednou, co\u017e sni\u017euje celkov\u00fd po\u010det sign\u00e1ln\u00edch lini\u00ed, ale komplikuje \u0159adi\u010d vstupu a v\u00fdstupu. P\u0159evodn\u00edk p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 strojov\u00e9 slovo najednou a mus\u00ed odes\u00edlat po jednom bitu, zat\u00edmco p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d mus\u00ed bity p\u0159ij\u00edmat a ukl\u00e1dat ve stejn\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cabledepot.com\/05DTSERPAR.html\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/1a264c6efc7d854fbf4513aec347f954.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nMal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed sign\u00e1ln\u00edch linek umo\u017e\u0148uje bezprobl\u00e9mov\u011b zvy\u0161ovat rychlost p\u0159enosu zpr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n<h2>SCSI<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/922b430a5fda8ae5e46db82db9573719.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nSmall Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) se poprv\u00e9 objevil v roce 1978 a byl p\u016fvodn\u011b navr\u017een k propojen\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed do jedn\u00e9 soustavy. Specifikace SCSI-1 umo\u017e\u0148ovala p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a\u017e 8 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b \u0159adi\u010de), jako jsou:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>skenery;<\/li>\n<li>p\u00e1skov\u00e9 jednotky (streamery);<\/li>\n<li>optick\u00e9 disky;<\/li>\n<li>diskov\u00e9 jednotky a dal\u0161\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>P\u016fvodn\u011b m\u011bl SCSI n\u00e1zev Shugart Associates System Interface (SASI), ale standardiza\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdbor neschv\u00e1lil n\u00e1zev podle spole\u010dnosti a po dni brainstorming\u016f vznikl n\u00e1zev Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI). \"Otec\" SCSI, Larry Boucher, m\u011bl na mysli, \u017ee zkratka bude vyslovov\u00e1na jako \"sexy\", ale <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.endl.com\/ida.htm\">Dal Allan<\/a><\/noindex> \u010detl \"s\u0441uzzy\" (\u201esazi\u201c). Pozd\u011bji se v\u00fdslovnost \"sazi\" pevn\u011b usadila u tohoto standardu.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nV terminologii SCSI jsou p\u0159ipojiteln\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rozd\u011blena do dvou typ\u016f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>inici\u00e1tory;<\/li>\n<li>c\u00edlov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nInici\u00e1tor pos\u00edl\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edkaz c\u00edlov\u00e9mu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pak pos\u00edl\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f inici\u00e1torovi. Inici\u00e1tory a c\u00edlov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou p\u0159ipojena k spole\u010dn\u00e9 sb\u011brnici SCSI, jej\u00ed\u017e propustnost ve standardu SCSI-1 \u010din\u00ed 5 MB\/s.<\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 topologie \"spole\u010dn\u00e1 sb\u011brnice\" klade \u0159adu omezen\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>na konc\u00edch sb\u011brnice jsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2014 termin\u00e1tory;<\/li>\n<li>propustnost sb\u011brnice se d\u011bl\u00ed mezi v\u0161echna za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je omezen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cablesdirect.com\/store\/p\/2877.aspx\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/caecf6cf48e6f0c219080f93e1224206.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na sb\u011brnici jsou identifikov\u00e1na unik\u00e1tn\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem, naz\u00fdvan\u00fdm <b>SCSI Target ID<\/b>. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 SCSI jednotka v syst\u00e9mu je reprezentov\u00e1na minim\u00e1ln\u011b jednou logickou jednotkou, jej\u00ed\u017e adresace prob\u00edh\u00e1 podle jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla v r\u00e1mci fyzick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed <b>Logical Unit Number<\/b> (LUN).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/f85b1a966dbb47dea78320e27c9cbaac.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nP\u0159\u00edkazy v SCSI jsou pos\u00edl\u00e1ny ve form\u011b <b>blok\u016f popisu p\u0159\u00edkazu<\/b> (Command Descriptor Block, CDB), skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch se z k\u00f3du operace a parametr\u016f p\u0159\u00edkazu. Ve standardu je pops\u00e1no v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f rozd\u011blen\u00fdch do \u010dty\u0159 kategori\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Mandatory<\/b> \u2014 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt podporov\u00e1ny za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm;<\/li>\n<li><b>Optional<\/b> \u2014 mohou b\u00fdt realizov\u00e1ny;<\/li>\n<li><b>Vendor-specific<\/b> \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm v\u00fdrobcem;<\/li>\n<li><b>Obsolete<\/b> \u2014 zastaral\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkazy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMezi mnoha p\u0159\u00edkazy jsou pouze t\u0159i, kter\u00e9 jsou pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed povinn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>TEST UNIT READY<\/b> \u2014 kontrola p\u0159ipravenosti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li><b>REQUEST SENSE<\/b> \u2014 po\u017eaduje chybov\u00fd k\u00f3d p\u0159edchoz\u00edho p\u0159\u00edkazu;<\/li>\n<li><b>DOTAZ<\/b> \u2014 dotaz na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed charakteristiky za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPo obdr\u017een\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu c\u00edlov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ode\u0161le inici\u00e1torovi stavov\u00fd k\u00f3d, kter\u00fd popisuje v\u00fdsledek proveden\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed vylep\u0161en\u00ed SCSI (specifikace SCSI-2 a Ultra SCSI) roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo seznam pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f a zv\u00fd\u0161ilo po\u010det p\u0159ipojiteln\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na 16, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e rychlost p\u0159enosu dat po sb\u011brnici dos\u00e1hla 640 MB\/s. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee SCSI je paraleln\u00ed rozhran\u00ed, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed frekvence p\u0159enosu dat vedlo k zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e9lky kabelu, co\u017e p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161elo pot\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Od standardu Ultra-3 SCSI byla zavedena podpora \u201ehot-plug\u201c \u2014 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159i zapnut\u00e9m nap\u00e1jen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm SSD diskem s rozhran\u00edm SCSI je M-Systems FFD-350, kter\u00fd byl uveden na trh v roce 1995. Disk m\u011bl vysokou cenu a nem\u011bl \u0161irok\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V sou\u010dasnosti nen\u00ed paraleln\u00ed SCSI popul\u00e1rn\u00ed rozhran\u00ed pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed disk\u016f, ale sada p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f se st\u00e1le aktivn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v rozhran\u00edch USB a SAS.<\/p>\n<h2>ATA \/ PATA<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/0f152c456d01911a4e64b565741cb8cd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nRozhran\u00ed <b>ATA<\/b> (Advanced Technology Attachment), tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako <b>PATA<\/b> (Parallel ATA) byl vyvinut spole\u010dnost\u00ed Western Digital v roce 1986. Marketingov\u00fd n\u00e1zev standardu IDE (angl. Integrated Drive Electronics) zd\u016fraz\u0148oval d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 novinky: \u0159adi\u010d disku byl integrov\u00e1n do disku, a ne na samostatn\u00e9 roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed desce.<\/p>\n<p>Rozhodnut\u00ed um\u00edstit \u0159adi\u010d do disku vy\u0159e\u0161ilo n\u011bkolik probl\u00e9m\u016f. Za prv\u00e9, zmen\u0161ila se vzd\u00e1lenost od \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b k \u0159adi\u010di, co\u017e pozitivn\u011b ovlivnilo charakteristiky \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. Za druh\u00e9, integrovan\u00fd \u0159adi\u010d byl \u201enavr\u017een\u201c pouze pro ur\u010ditou t\u0159\u00eddu disk\u016f a byl tedy levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/de2944768a139aeccef20e1688ed7baf.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nATA, stejn\u011b jako SCSI, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 paraleln\u00ed zp\u016fsob vstupu-v\u00fdstupu, co\u017e se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch kabelech. Pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed disk\u016f s pou\u017eit\u00edm rozhran\u00ed IDE jsou nutn\u00e9 40\u017eilov\u00e9 kabely, tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 p\u00e1sky. V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch specifikac\u00edch se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed 80\u017eilov\u00e9 p\u00e1sky, v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina z nich jsou uzemn\u011bn\u00ed pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed interference p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch frekvenc\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Na \u0161\u0148\u016f\u0159e ATA jsou dva a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i konektory, z nich\u017e jeden se p\u0159ipojuje na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed desku a ostatn\u00ed k ulo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edm. P\u0159i p\u0159ipojen\u00ed dvou za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jednou \u0161\u0148\u016frou mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jedno z nich nakonfigurov\u00e1no jako <b>Master<\/b>, a druh\u00e9 jako <b>Slave<\/b>. T\u0159et\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ipojeno v\u00fdhradn\u011b v re\u017eimu \u201epouze pro \u010dten\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.informit.com\/articles\/article.aspx?p=2028834&amp;seqNum=3\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/91490f1a349198d18c6e4947fc53476d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nPozice propojky ur\u010duje roli konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Term\u00edny Master a Slave ve vztahu k za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm nejsou zcela p\u0159esn\u00e9, proto\u017ee v\u016f\u010di \u0159adi\u010di jsou v\u0161echna p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Slaves.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1sadn\u00edm novinkou v ATA-3 je zaveden\u00ed <b>Self-Monitoring<\/b>, <b>Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)<\/b>. P\u011bt spole\u010dnost\u00ed (IBM, Seagate, Quantum, Conner a Western Digital) spojilo s\u00edly a standardizovalo technologii hodnocen\u00ed stavu ulo\u017ei\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Podpora pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f se objevila ve \u010dtvrt\u00e9 verzi standardu, vydan\u00e9 v roce 1998. Tato verze standardu zaji\u0161\u0165ovala rychlost p\u0159enosu dat a\u017e 33,3 MB\/s.<\/p>\n<p>Standard klade p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na \u0161\u0148\u016fry ATA:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0161\u0148\u016fra mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ploch\u00e1;<\/li>\n<li>maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e9lka \u0161\u0148\u016fry je 18 palc\u016f (45,7 centimetr\u016f).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKr\u00e1tk\u00e1 a \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161\u0148\u016fra byla nepohodln\u00e1 a br\u00e1nila chlazen\u00ed. Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed frekvence p\u0159enosu s ka\u017edou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed verz\u00ed standardu bylo st\u00e1le obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a ATA-7 radik\u00e1ln\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161il probl\u00e9m: paraleln\u00ed rozhran\u00ed bylo nahrazeno s\u00e9riov\u00fdm. Pot\u00e9 z\u00edskal ATA p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 slovo Parallel a za\u010dal se ozna\u010dovat jako PATA, zat\u00edmco sedm\u00e1 verze standardu obdr\u017eela jin\u00fd n\u00e1zev \u2014 Serial ATA. \u010c\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed verz\u00ed SATA za\u010dalo jedni\u010dkou.<\/p>\n<h2>SATA<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/62bbd54846d285ac7545fd019935f4a4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nStandard Serial ATA (SATA) byl p\u0159edstaven 7. ledna 2003 a \u0159e\u0161il probl\u00e9my sv\u00e9ho p\u0159edch\u016fdce n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi zm\u011bnami:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>paraleln\u00ed port byl nahrazen s\u00e9riov\u00fdm;<\/li>\n<li>\u0161irok\u00e1 80\u017eilov\u00e1 \u0161\u0148\u016fra byla nahrazena 7\u017eilovou;<\/li>\n<li>topologie \u201espole\u010dn\u00e1 sb\u011brnice\u201c byla nahrazena p\u0159ipojen\u00edm \u201ebod-bod\u201c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nI kdy\u017e standard SATA 1.0 (SATA\/150, 150 MB\/s) byl jen nepatrn\u011b rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ATA-6 (UltraDMA\/130, 130 MB\/s), p\u0159echod na s\u00e9riov\u00fd zp\u016fsob v\u00fdm\u011bny dat byl \u201ep\u0159\u00edpravou p\u016fdy\u201c pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rychlost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160estn\u00e1ct sign\u00e1ln\u00edch linek pro p\u0159enos dat v ATA bylo nahrazeno dv\u011bma kroucen\u00fdmi p\u00e1ry: jedna pro p\u0159enos, druh\u00e1 pro p\u0159\u00edjem. Konektory SATA byly navr\u017eeny tak, aby byly odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di opakovan\u00fdm p\u0159ipojen\u00edm a specifikace SATA 1.0 umo\u017enila \u201ehork\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed\u201c (Hot Plug).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>N\u011bkter\u00e9 piny na disc\u00edch jsou krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed. To je ud\u011bl\u00e1no pro podporu \u201ehork\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bny\u201c (Hot Swap). P\u0159i v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u201eztr\u00e1c\u00ed\u201c a \u201enalezne\u201c linky v p\u0159edem stanoven\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nO n\u011bco v\u00edce ne\u017e za rok, v dubnu 2004, byla vyd\u00e1na druh\u00e1 verze specifikace SATA. Krom\u011b zrychlen\u00ed na 3 Gbit\/s byla v SATA 2.0 zavedena technologie <b>Native Command Queuing<\/b> (NCQ). Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s podporou NCQ jsou schopna samostatn\u011b organizovat po\u0159ad\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f pro dosa\u017een\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkonnosti.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newegg.com\/red-rocstor-6-data-transfer-cable\/p\/0ZF-00S7-00004\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/5a10fbfb30d403d9700136018a0d94eb.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nN\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159i roky pracovala skupina SATA Working Group na vylep\u0161en\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed specifikace a ve verzi 2.6 se objevily kompaktn\u00ed konektory Slimline a micro SATA (uSATA). Tyto konektory jsou zmen\u0161enou kopi\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edho SATA konektoru a byly navr\u017eeny pro optick\u00e9 jednotky a mal\u00e9 disky v notebooc\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e propustnost druh\u00e9 generace SATA byla dostate\u010dn\u00e1 pro pevn\u00e9 disky, solid-state disky vy\u017eadovaly v\u00edce. V kv\u011btnu 2009 byla vyd\u00e1na t\u0159et\u00ed verze specifikace SATA s propustnost\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161enou na 6 Gbit\/s.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/windowstips.ru\/chto-takoe-msata-ssd-i-chem-on-mozhet-byt-polezen-osobenno-esli-vy-ne-udovletvoreny-obshhej-skorostyu-vashego-noutbuka\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/0a72172e33304d39dc8fcebc24aaca71.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nZvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost solid-state disk\u016fm byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na v revizi SATA 3.1. Objevil se konektor Mini-SATA (mSATA), ur\u010den\u00fd pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed solid-state disk\u016f v notebooc\u00edch. Na rozd\u00edl od Slimline a uSATA m\u011bl nov\u00fd konektor podobu PCIe Mini, i kdy\u017e nebyl elektricky kompatibiln\u00ed s PCIe. Krom\u011b nov\u00e9ho konektoru SATA 3.1 mohl nab\u00eddnout mo\u017enost za\u0159azov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f TRIM do fronty s p\u0159\u00edkazy pro \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1pis.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>P\u0159\u00edkaz TRIM informuje solid-state disk o bloc\u00edch dat, kter\u00e9 nenesou \u017e\u00e1dnou u\u017eite\u010dnou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e. A\u017e do SATA 3.1 vedlo proveden\u00ed tohoto p\u0159\u00edkazu k vymaz\u00e1n\u00ed mezipam\u011bt\u00ed a pozastaven\u00ed operac\u00ed vstupu\/ v\u00fdstupu s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm proveden\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkazu TRIM. Takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup zhor\u0161oval v\u00fdkon disku p\u0159i odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed operac\u00ed.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nSpecifikace SATA nedok\u00e1zala dr\u017eet krok s rychl\u00fdm n\u00e1r\u016fstem rychlosti p\u0159\u00edstupu k pevn\u00fdm disk\u016fm, co\u017e vedlo k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kompromisu nazvan\u00e9ho SATA Express ve standardu SATA 3.2 v roce 2013. M\u00edsto op\u011btovn\u00e9ho zdvojen\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky p\u00e1sma SATA pou\u017eili v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i \u0161iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou sb\u011brnici PCIe, jej\u00ed\u017e rychlost p\u0159esahuje 6 Gbit\/s. Disky s podporou SATA Express z\u00edskaly vlastn\u00ed form\u00e1t M.2.<\/p>\n<h2>SAS<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/b962c09d48c8aca6a19381d6d8866558.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u201eKonkuruj\u00edc\u00ed\u201c se standardem ATA standard SCSI tak\u00e9 nez\u016fstal st\u00e1t a pouh\u00fd rok po vzniku Serial ATA, v roce 2004, se p\u0159etvo\u0159il na s\u00e9riov\u00fd rozhran\u00ed. Nov\u00e9 jm\u00e9no pro toto rozhran\u00ed je <b>Serial Attached SCSI<\/b> (SAS).<\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e SAS zd\u011bdil sadu p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f SCSI, zm\u011bny byly v\u00fdznamn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>s\u00e9riov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>29ti\u017eilov\u00fd kabel s nap\u00e1jen\u00edm;<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159ipojen\u00ed \u201epoint-to-point\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTerminologie SCSI byla tak\u00e9 zd\u011bd\u011bna. Kontroler se st\u00e1le naz\u00fdv\u00e1 inici\u00e1torem a p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou c\u00edlov\u00e1. V\u0161echna c\u00edlov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a inici\u00e1tor tvo\u0159\u00ed SAS dom\u00e9nu. V SAS \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka p\u00e1sma p\u0159ipojen\u00ed nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u010dtu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v dom\u00e9n\u011b, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed vyhrazen\u00fd kan\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v SAS dom\u00e9n\u011b podle specifikace p\u0159esahuje 16 tis\u00edc, a m\u00edsto SCSI ID se pro adresaci pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 identifik\u00e1tor <b>World-Wide Name<\/b> (WWN).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>WWN je jedine\u010dn\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor o d\u00e9lce 16 byt\u016f, analogick\u00fd MAC adrese pro SAS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serial_Attached_SCSI\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/0659809e755f33639caaf83606dce40d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nI kdy\u017e jsou konektory SAS a SATA podobn\u00e9, tyto standardy nejsou zcela kompatibiln\u00ed. P\u0159esto m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt SATA disk p\u0159ipojen k SAS konektoru, ale naopak to neplat\u00ed. Kompatibilita mezi SATA disky a SAS dom\u00e9nou je zaji\u0161t\u011bna pomoc\u00ed protokolu SATA Tunneling Protocol (STP).<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed verze standardu SAS-1 m\u00e1 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku p\u00e1sma 3 Gbit\/s, zat\u00edmco nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, SAS-4, tento ukazatel zlep\u0161ila sedmkr\u00e1t: 22,5 Gbit\/s.<\/p>\n<h2>PCIe<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/05251167ad57703662c9be5df62ca85f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPeripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCI Express, PCIe) je s\u00e9riov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed pro p\u0159enos dat, kter\u00e9 se objevilo v roce 2002. V\u00fdvoj byl zah\u00e1jen spole\u010dnost\u00ed Intel a n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1n specializovan\u00e9 organizaci \u2013 PCI Special Interest Group.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e9riov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed PCIe nebylo v\u00fdjimkou a stalo se logick\u00fdm pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm paraleln\u00edho PCI, kter\u00e9 je ur\u010deno pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch karet.<\/p>\n<p>PCI Express se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od SATA a SAS. Rozhran\u00ed PCIe m\u00e1 prom\u011bnliv\u00fd po\u010det sb\u011brnic. Po\u010det sb\u011brnic je mocnina dvou a pohybuje se v rozmez\u00ed od 1 do 16.<\/p>\n<p>Term\u00edn \u201esb\u011brnice\u201c v PCIe neozna\u010duje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed sign\u00e1ln\u00ed sb\u011brnici, ale jednotliv\u00fd pln\u011b duplexn\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1l, skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch sign\u00e1ln\u00edch sb\u011brnic:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>p\u0159\u00edjem+ a p\u0159\u00edjem-;<\/li>\n<li>odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed+ a odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed-;<\/li>\n<li>\u010dty\u0159i vodi\u010de uzemn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPo\u010det PCIe sb\u011brnic p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uje maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed propustnost spojen\u00ed. Modern\u00ed standard PCI Express 4.0 umo\u017e\u0148uje dos\u00e1hnout 1.9 GB\/s na jednu sb\u011brnici a 31.5 GB\/s p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed 16 sb\u011brnic.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/e3c4ec567c596348ebba75ff1c88c933.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u201eChut\u011b\u201c SSD disk\u016f rostou velmi rychle. Jak SATA, tak SAS nest\u00edhaj\u00ed zvy\u0161ovat svou propustnost, aby \u201edohnaly\u201c SSD, co\u017e vedlo k v\u00fdvoji SSD disk\u016f s p\u0159ipojen\u00edm p\u0159es PCIe.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>A\u010dkoli jsou PCIe Add-In karty upevn\u011bny \u0161roubem, PCIe podporuje \u201ehot-swap\u201c. Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 piny PRSNT (angl. present \u2014 p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd) zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, \u017ee karta je pln\u011b nainstalov\u00e1na ve slotu.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nSSD disky p\u0159ipojovan\u00e9 p\u0159es PCIe se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed samostatn\u00fdm standardem <b>Specifikace hostitelsk\u00e9ho \u0159adi\u010de non-volatile memory<\/b> a existuj\u00ed v mnoha form\u00e1tech, ale o t\u011bchto se zm\u00edn\u00edme v dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n<h2>Vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 disky<\/h2>\n<p>\nP\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed velk\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 dat vznikla pot\u0159eba protokol\u016f, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159ipojit disky um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 mimo server. Prvn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm v t\u00e9to oblasti byl <b>Internet SCSI<\/b> (iSCSI), vyvinut\u00fd firmami IBM a Cisco v roce 1998.<\/p>\n<p>My\u0161lenka protokolu iSCSI je jednoduch\u00e1: p\u0159\u00edkazy SCSI jsou \u201ezabaleny\u201c do paket\u016f TCP\/IP a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161eny v s\u00edti. P\u0159es vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed je klient\u016fm vytv\u00e1\u0159ena iluze, \u017ee disk je p\u0159ipojen lok\u00e1ln\u011b. S\u00ed\u0165 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 dat (Storage Area Network, SAN) zalo\u017een\u00e1 na iSCSI m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt postavena na st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 infrastruktu\u0159e. Pou\u017eit\u00ed iSCSI v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje n\u00e1klady na organizaci SAN.<\/p>\n<p>iSCSI m\u00e1 \u201epr\u00e9miovou\u201c variantu \u2014 <b>Fibre Channel Protocol<\/b> (FCP). SAN vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed FCP je postavena na vyhrazen\u00fdch optick\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00edch link\u00e1ch. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup vy\u017eaduje dal\u0161\u00ed optick\u00e9 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale vyzna\u010duje se stabilitou a vysokou propustnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Existuje mnoho protokol\u016f pro odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed SCSI p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f po po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch. P\u0159esto existuje pouze jeden standard, kter\u00fd \u0159e\u0161\u00ed opa\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol a umo\u017e\u0148uje odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed IP paket\u016f po sb\u011brnici SCSI \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rfc-editor.org\/rfc\/rfc2143.txt\">IP-over-SCSI<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nV\u011bt\u0161ina protokol\u016f pro organizaci SAN pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sadu SCSI p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f pro spr\u00e1vu \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165, ale existuj\u00ed i v\u00fdjimky, jako je jednoduch\u00fd <b>ATA p\u0159es Ethernet<\/b> (AoE). Protokol AoE odes\u00edl\u00e1 ATA p\u0159\u00edkazy v Ethernet paketech, ale v syst\u00e9mu jsou \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b zobrazena jako SCSI.<\/p>\n<p>S p\u0159\u00edchodem NVM Express \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 protokoly iSCSI a FCP ji\u017e nedok\u00e1zaly splnit rychle rostouc\u00ed po\u017eadavky na SSD. Objevily se dv\u011b \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v\u00fdvod sb\u011brnice PCI Express mimo server;<\/li>\n<li>vytvo\u0159en\u00ed protokolu NVMe p\u0159es Fabrics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nV\u00fdvod sb\u011brnice PCIe je spojen s vytvo\u0159en\u00edm slo\u017eit\u00e9ho p\u0159ep\u00ednac\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale nem\u011bn\u00ed protokol.<\/p>\n<p>Protokol NVMe p\u0159es Fabrics se stal dobrou alternativou k iSCSI a FCP. V NVMe-oF se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed optick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna a sada p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f NVM Express.<\/p>\n<h2>DDR-T<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. Rozhran\u00ed\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/3fe9daef1cc011973e9cfc48e9ffe8d2.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nStandardy iSCSI a NVMe-oF \u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m p\u0159ipojen\u00ed vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch disk\u016f jako lok\u00e1ln\u00edch, zat\u00edmco spole\u010dnost Intel zvolila jinou cestu a co nejv\u00edce p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila lok\u00e1ln\u00ed disk k procesoru. V\u00fdb\u011br padl na DIMM sloty, do kter\u00fdch se p\u0159ipojuje opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165. Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed propustnost kan\u00e1lu DDR4 dosahuje 25 GB\/s, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159ekra\u010duje rychlost sb\u011brnice PCIe. Tak vznikl SSD Intel\u00ae Optane\u2122 DC Persistent Memory.<\/p>\n<p>Pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed disku do DIMM slot\u016f byl vynalezen protokol <b>DDR-T<\/b>, fyzicky a elektricky kompatibiln\u00ed s DDR4, ale vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrol\u00e9r, kter\u00fd rozli\u0161uje mezi pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdm modulem a \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011bm. Rychlost p\u0159\u00edstupu k diskov\u00e9 jednotce je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti, ale vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u NVMe.<\/p>\n<p>Protokol DDR-T je k dispozici pouze s procesory Intel\u00ae generace Cascade Lake nebo nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>\nT\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny rozhran\u00ed pro\u0161la dlouhou cestou od sekven\u010dn\u00edho po paraleln\u00ed zp\u016fsob p\u0159enosu dat. Rychlosti SSD st\u00e1le rostou, v\u010dera byly SSD vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 a dnes ji\u017e NVMe nevyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>V na\u0161\u00ed laborato\u0159i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/selectel.ru\/lab\/\">Selectel Lab<\/a><\/noindex> si m\u016f\u017eete sami testovat SSD a NVMe disky.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Pouze registrovan\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 se mohou \u00fa\u010dastnit ankety. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">P\u0159ihlaste se<\/a><\/noindex>, pros\u00edm.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Vyhnou se NVMe disky klasick\u00fdm SSD v dohledn\u00e9 dob\u011b?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"poll-result\">\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent  poll-result__data-percent_winner\">55.5%<\/strong>Ano100<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">44.4%<\/strong>Ne80<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    Hlasovalo 180 u\u017eivatel\u016f. Zdr\u017eelo se 28 u\u017eivatel\u016f.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/selectel\/blog\/478684\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u00ab\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 SSD\u00bb \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u2014 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vvedenie-v-ssd-chast-2-interfejsnaya\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 SSD. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2. \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vvedenie-v-ssd-chast-2-interfejsnaya\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-12-11T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-18T11:01:47+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47\u00davod do SSD. \u010c\u00e1st 2. 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