{"id":53924,"date":"2019-12-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-12T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/chto-takoe-nfc-i-kak-on-rabotaet-osvezhim-osnovy"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:52","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:52","slug":"chto-takoe-nfc-i-kak-on-rabotaet-osvezhim-osnovy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-takoe-nfc-i-kak-on-rabotaet-osvezhim-osnovy","title":{"rendered":"Co je NFC a jak funguje? Osv\u011b\u017eme si z\u00e1klady.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Dobr\u00fd den, u\u017eivatel\u00e9 Habra! P\u0159edstavuji v\u00e1m p\u0159eklad \u010dl\u00e1nku \u201eWhat is NFC and how does it work<\/a><\/noindex>\u201c od autora Roberta Triggse. Zd\u00e1lo by se, \u017ee pro\u010d by autor origin\u00e1lu psal o tomto t\u00e9matu v roce 2019 a j\u00e1 ho p\u0159ekl\u00e1dal na prah 2020? Dnes NFC z\u00edskalo sv\u016fj skute\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot a p\u0159estalo b\u00fdt technologiemi pro geeky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na kl\u00ed\u010denky tokeny. Nyn\u00ed jde o platby a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b tak\u00e9 o chytrou dom\u00e1cnost a chytr\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed procesy. Tak pro\u010d si nep\u0159ipomenout, co jsme se nau\u010dili, a pro n\u011bkoho i n\u011bco nov\u00e9ho?<\/p>\n

\"Co
\n
\nNFC je prioritn\u011b rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e1 technologie, co\u017e je podm\u00edn\u011bno rozvojem syst\u00e9m\u016f online plateb, jako jsou Samsung Pay a Google Pay. To plat\u00ed zejm\u00e9na pro vlajkov\u00e9 lodi a dokonce i pro smartphony st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy. Mo\u017en\u00e1 jste tento term\u00edn sly\u0161eli ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve, ale co konkr\u00e9tn\u011b NFC p\u0159edstavuje? V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na to, co to je, jak to funguje a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nNFC je zkratka pro \u201eNear Field Communication\u201c (komunikaci v bl\u00edzk\u00e9m poli) a, jak n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, umo\u017e\u0148uje komunikaci na kr\u00e1tkou vzd\u00e1lenost mezi kompatibiln\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi. K tomu je pot\u0159eba alespo\u0148 jedno za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed a druh\u00e9 pro p\u0159\u00edjem sign\u00e1lu. R\u016fzn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed standard NFC a budou pova\u017eov\u00e1na za pasivn\u00ed nebo aktivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pasivn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed NFC zahrnuj\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtky a dal\u0161\u00ed mal\u00e9 vys\u00edla\u010de, kter\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed informace na jin\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed NFC, ani\u017e by pot\u0159ebovaly vlastn\u00ed zdroj nap\u00e1jen\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b nezpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 informace p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 z jin\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a nep\u0159ipojuj\u00ed se k jin\u00fdm pasivn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. \u010casto se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro interaktivn\u00ed zna\u010dky na st\u011bn\u00e1ch nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad v reklamn\u00edch ozn\u00e1men\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Aktivn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed odes\u00edlat nebo p\u0159ij\u00edmat data a vym\u011b\u0148ovat si \u00fadaje mezi sebou, stejn\u011b jako s pasivn\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi. V sou\u010dasnosti jsou smartphony nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formou aktivn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed NFC. \u010cte\u010dky karet ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 dopravy a bezkontaktn\u00ed platebn\u00ed termin\u00e1ly jsou tak\u00e9 dobr\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edklady t\u00e9to technologie. <\/p>\n

Jak funguje NFC?<\/h2>\n

\nNyn\u00ed v\u00edme, co je NFC, ale jak to funguje? Podobn\u011b jako Bluetooth, Wi-Fi a dal\u0161\u00ed bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, NFC funguje na principu p\u0159enosu informac\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u00e1diov\u00fdch vln. Komunikace v bl\u00edzk\u00e9m poli je jedn\u00edm ze standard\u016f pro bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fd p\u0159enos dat. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat ur\u010dit\u00e9 specifikace, aby mohla spr\u00e1vn\u011b interagovat. Technologie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v NFC vych\u00e1z\u00ed z d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch my\u0161lenek RFID (r\u00e1diov\u00e1 identifikace), kde se pro p\u0159enos informac\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvala elektromagnetick\u00e1 indukce.<\/p>\n

To zd\u016fraz\u0148uje jeden z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi NFC a Bluetooth\/WiFi. Prvn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit k indukci elekt\u0159iny do pasivn\u00edch komponent\u016f (v pasivn\u00edm NFC) a tak\u00e9 jednodu\u0161e k p\u0159enosu dat. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pasivn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed zdroj nap\u00e1jen\u00ed. M\u00edsto toho z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed energii z elektromagnetick\u00e9ho pole, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed aktivn\u00ed NFC, kdy\u017e se dostane do dosahu. Bohu\u017eel technologie NFC neposkytuje dostate\u010dnou induk\u010dnost k nab\u00edjen\u00ed na\u0161ich chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f, ale bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed QI je zalo\u017eeno na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u00e9m principu.<\/p>\n

\"Co
\n
\nFrekvence p\u0159enosu dat p\u0159es NFC je 13,56 megahertz\u016f. M\u016f\u017eete p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et data rychlost\u00ed 106, 212 nebo 424 kbit\/s. To je dostate\u010dn\u011b rychl\u00e9 pro rozsah p\u0159enosu dat \u2013 od kontaktn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f po sd\u00edlen\u00ed obr\u00e1zk\u016f a hudby.<\/p>\n

Abychom zjistili, jak\u00fd typ informac\u00ed bude dostupn\u00fd pro v\u00fdm\u011bnu mezi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi, standard NFC v sou\u010dasnosti m\u00e1 t\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00e9 provozn\u00ed re\u017eimy. Mo\u017en\u00e1 nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed (NFC) ve smartphonech je re\u017eim peer-to-peer. To umo\u017e\u0148uje dv\u011bma za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edma podporuj\u00edc\u00edmi NFC vz\u00e1jemn\u011b si vym\u011b\u0148ovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 informace. V tomto re\u017eimu se ob\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ep\u00ednaj\u00ed mezi aktivn\u00edm p\u0159i odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed dat a pasivn\u00edm p\u0159i p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Re\u017eim \u010dten\u00ed\/z\u00e1pisu je jednosm\u011brn\u00fd p\u0159enos dat. Aktivn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u00e1\u0161 smartphone, se spojuje s jin\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, aby si p\u0159e\u010detlo informace z n\u011bj. Reklamn\u00ed tagy NFC tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tento re\u017eim.<\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed re\u017eim \u010dinnosti \u2014 emulace karty. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed NFC funguje jako inteligentn\u00ed nebo bezkontaktn\u00ed kreditn\u00ed karta, aby realizovalo platby nebo se p\u0159ipojilo k syst\u00e9m\u016fm ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 dopravy.<\/p>\n

Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s Bluetooth<\/h2>\n

\nA tak, \u010d\u00edm se NFC li\u0161\u00ed od ostatn\u00edch bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed? M\u016f\u017eete si myslet, \u017ee NFC nen\u00ed a\u017e tak pot\u0159ebn\u00e9, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Bluetooth je mnohem roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a po mnoho let si dr\u017e\u00ed prvenstv\u00ed (a mimochodem p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 v ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech chytr\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti a chytr\u00e9 v\u00fdroby). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b existuje n\u011bkolik d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch technick\u00fdch rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi nimi, kter\u00e9 NFC d\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody v ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnostech. Hlavn\u00edm argumentem pro NFC je, \u017ee vy\u017eaduje mnohem men\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebu energie ne\u017e Bluetooth. To \u010din\u00ed NFC ide\u00e1ln\u00edm pro pasivn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako jsou ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 interaktivn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtky, proto\u017ee funguj\u00ed bez hlavn\u00edho zdroje energie.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tato \u00faspora energie m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik z\u00e1sadn\u00edch nev\u00fdhod. Zejm\u00e9na dosah p\u0159enosu je mnohem men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u Bluetooth. Zat\u00edmco NFC m\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed dosah 10 cm, co\u017e je jen n\u011bkolik palc\u016f, Bluetooth p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed data na vzd\u00e1lenost lehce p\u0159es 10 metr\u016f od zdroje. Dal\u0161\u00edm nedostatkem je, \u017ee NFC je o n\u011bco pomalej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Bluetooth. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed data maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost\u00ed pouh\u00fdch 424 kbit\/s ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s 2,1 Mbit\/s pro Bluetooth 2.1 nebo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 Mbit\/s pro Bluetooth Low Energy.<\/p>\n

Ale NFC m\u00e1 jednu hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhodu: rychlej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. D\u00edky pou\u017eit\u00ed induktivn\u00ed vazby a absenci ru\u010dn\u00edho p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed trv\u00e1 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed mezi dv\u011bma za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e jednu desetinu sekundy. Zat\u00edmco modern\u00ed Bluetooth se p\u0159ipojuje docela rychle, NFC je st\u00e1le velmi pohodln\u00e9 pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e. A pro mobiln\u00ed platby je to jeho nesporn\u00e1 oblast pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Samsung Pay, Android Pay a Apple Pay pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed technologii NFC \u2014 i kdy\u017e Samsung Pay funguje na jin\u00e9m principu ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco Bluetooth l\u00e9pe slou\u017e\u00ed pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro p\u0159enos\/v\u00fdm\u011bnu soubor\u016f, p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k reproduktor\u016fm atd., douf\u00e1me, \u017ee NFC v\u017edy najde sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto v tomto sv\u011bt\u011b d\u00edky rychle se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm technologi\u00edm mobiln\u00edch plateb.<\/p>\n

Mimochodem, ot\u00e1zka na Habr \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te NFC tokeny ve sv\u00fdch projektech? Jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem?
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0417\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430! \u042f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00abWhat is NFC and how does it work\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c Robert Triggs. \u0412\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432 2019-\u043c, \u0430 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435 2020? \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f NFC \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432-\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Co je to NFC a jak funguje? 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