{"id":54210,"date":"2019-12-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-19T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/lego-education-wedo-2-0-i-scratch-novaya-svyazka-dlya-obucheniya-detej-robototehnike"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:12","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:12","slug":"lego-education-wedo-2-0-i-scratch-novaya-svyazka-dlya-obucheniya-detej-robototehnike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/lego-education-wedo-2-0-i-scratch-novaya-svyazka-dlya-obucheniya-detej-robototehnike","title":{"rendered":"LEGO Education WeDo 2.0 a Scratch \u2013 nov\u00e1 kombinace pro v\u00fduku d\u011bt\u00ed robotice","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ahoj, Habr! Po n\u011bkolik let paraleln\u011b vyv\u00edjel vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed set LEGO Education WeDo 2.0 a d\u00edt\u011btem zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd jazyk Scratch, ale na za\u010d\u00e1tku tohoto roku z\u00edskal Scratch podporu fyzick\u00fdch objekt\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b modul\u016f LEGO Education. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na to, jak tuto kombinaci vyu\u017e\u00edt pro v\u00fduku robotiky a jak\u00e9 v\u00fdhody p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed student\u016fm a pedagog\u016fm.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nHlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem v\u00fduky robotiky a programov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed pouze a nejen v\u00fduka n\u00e1vrhu a k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u00edch dovednost\u00ed. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm projektov\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu se v \u0161kol\u00e1ch 90. a 2000. let prakticky nev\u011bnovala pozornost, ale kter\u00e9 se dnes sna\u017e\u00edme aktivn\u011b rozv\u00edjet nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d v\u0161emi \u0161koln\u00edmi p\u0159edm\u011bty. Stanoven\u00ed \u00fakolu, hypot\u00e9zy, krokov\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed experiment\u016f, anal\u00fdza \u2014 na tom stoj\u00ed prakticky jak\u00e9koliv modern\u00ed povol\u00e1n\u00ed, av\u0161ak v r\u00e1mci standardn\u00edch \u0161koln\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, kde je vysok\u00fd pod\u00edl \u201ememorov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, je jejich rozvoj obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Robotika usnad\u0148uje osvojen\u00ed jin\u00fdch \u0161koln\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f d\u00edky n\u00e1zorn\u00e9 uk\u00e1zce fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f v akci. Takto u\u010ditelka prvn\u00edho stupn\u011b Julija Pjanto\u0161vsk\u00e1 pov\u011bd\u011bla<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00e1m, jako jej\u00edm student\u016fm, uk\u00e1zala, jak postavili prvn\u00ed model \u2013 pulce bez kon\u010detin, napsali program pro jeho pohyb a spustili ho. Kdy\u017e se pulce nepohnul z m\u00edsta, d\u011bti se vrhly na hled\u00e1n\u00ed technick\u00fdch z\u00e1vad, ale nakonec dosp\u011bly k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina nen\u00ed v k\u00f3du a ne v sestaven\u00ed, ale v tom, \u017ee zp\u016fsob pohybu pulce nen\u00ed vhodn\u00fd pro sou\u0161.<\/p>\n

Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout takov\u00e9 n\u00e1zornosti a usnadnit d\u011btem pr\u00e1ci, je software v vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch setech zjednodu\u0161enou verz\u00ed program\u016f pro n\u00e1vrh. Ale pro v\u00fduku z\u00e1klad\u016f programov\u00e1n\u00ed nejsou vhodn\u00e9. Tento nedostatek lze vy\u0159e\u0161it prac\u00ed se sadami LEGO Education se t\u0159et\u00edm softwarem: WeDo 2.0 lze programovat pomoc\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho jazyka Scratch.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vlastnosti LEGO Education WeDo 2.0<\/h2>\n

\n\"LEGO
\n
\nZ\u00e1kladn\u00ed set LEGO Education WeDo 2.0 je ur\u010den pro d\u011bti ve v\u011bku 7-10 let. Obsahuje: Smart Hub WeDo 2.0, elektromotor, senzory pohybu a naklon\u011bn\u00ed, LEGO Education d\u00edly, z\u00e1sobn\u00edky a n\u00e1lepky pro t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f, software WeDo 2.0, metodickou p\u0159\u00edru\u010dku pro u\u010ditele a pokyny k sestaven\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch model\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pro ka\u017edou z model\u016f jsme popsali, jak\u00e9 pojmy z r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u011bd vysv\u011btluj\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoc\u00ed \u201eP\u0159ehr\u00e1va\u010de\u201c je pohodln\u00e9 vysv\u011btlit d\u011btem povahu zvuku a co je to s\u00edla t\u0159en\u00ed, zat\u00edmco \u201eTan\u010d\u00edc\u00ed robot\u201c pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vysv\u011btlit mechaniku pohybu. \u00dakoly se mohou li\u0161it, b\u00fdt vytv\u00e1\u0159eny u\u010ditelem \u201eza pochodu\u201c a m\u00edt mnoho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, co\u017e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 d\u011btem zlep\u0161ovat schopnosti hled\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u011b-n\u00e1sledkov\u00fdch vztah\u016f.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b hodin robotiky a vysv\u011btlov\u00e1n\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f lze soupravu pou\u017e\u00edt pro programov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee psan\u00ed k\u00f3du, kter\u00fd \u201eo\u017eivuje\u201c fyzick\u00e9 objekty, je mnohem zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed n\u011b\u010deho virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho.<\/p>\n

SW sady LEGO Education WeDo 2.0 nebo Scratch<\/h2>\n

\nWeDo 2.0 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 technologie LabVIEW od National Instruments, rozhran\u00ed se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 pouze z barevn\u00fdch ikon s obr\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 se pomoc\u00ed drag-and-drop uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1vaj\u00ed do line\u00e1rn\u00ed sekvence.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\n
\nPomoc\u00ed tohoto SW se d\u011bti u\u010d\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et sekven\u010dn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzce akc\u00ed \u2014 ale st\u00e1le je to daleko od skute\u010dn\u00e9ho programov\u00e1n\u00ed, a p\u0159echod na \u201estandardn\u00ed\u201c jazyky m\u016f\u017ee pozd\u011bji zp\u016fsobit velk\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee. WeDo 2.0 je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro za\u010d\u00e1tek u\u010den\u00ed programov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale pro slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fakoly u\u017e jeho mo\u017enosti nesta\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed vhod Scratch \u2014 vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed programovac\u00ed jazyk orientovan\u00fd na \u017e\u00e1ky ve v\u011bku 7-10 let. Programy napsan\u00e9 ve Scratchi se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z barevn\u00fdch grafick\u00fdch blok\u016f, pomoc\u00ed kter\u00fdch lze ovl\u00e1dat grafick\u00e9 objekty (sprite).\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"LEGO
\n
\nZad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch hodnot a propojen\u00edm blok\u016f mezi sebou lze vytv\u00e1\u0159et hry, animace a poh\u00e1dky. Scratch umo\u017e\u0148uje studovat koncepty strukturovan\u00e9ho, objektov\u00e9ho a ud\u00e1lostn\u00edho programov\u00e1n\u00ed a seznamuje s cykly, prom\u011bnn\u00fdmi a logick\u00fdmi v\u00fdrazy.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Scratch je o n\u011bco slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, ale je mnohem bl\u00ed\u017e textov\u00fdm programovac\u00edm jazyk\u016fm ne\u017e vlastn\u00ed software WeDo, proto\u017ee vykazuje klasickou hierarchii textov\u00fdch jazyk\u016f (program se \u010dte shora dol\u016f) a tak\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed odsazen\u00ed p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f (while, if\u2026else a tak d\u00e1le). D\u00e1le je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, \u017ee text p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f se zobrazuje na programov\u00e9m bloku, a pokud odstran\u00edme \u201ebarevnost\u201c, dostaneme k\u00f3d, kter\u00fd se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neli\u0161\u00ed od klasick\u00fdch jazyk\u016f. Proto bude pro d\u00edt\u011b mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ej\u00edt z Scratch na \u201edosp\u011bl\u00e9\u201c jazyky.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Dlouho byly p\u0159\u00edkazy napsan\u00e9 ve Scratchi ur\u010deny pouze pro pr\u00e1ci s virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmi objekty, ale v lednu 2019 byla vyd\u00e1na verze 3.0, kter\u00e1 podporuje fyzick\u00e9 objekty (v\u010detn\u011b modul\u016f LEGO Education WeDo 2.0) pomoc\u00ed aplikace Scratch Link. Nyn\u00ed lze se stejn\u00fdmi hrami a animacemi interagovat pomoc\u00ed motor\u016f a senzor\u016f.
\nNa rozd\u00edl od vlastn\u00edho softwaru WeDo 2.0 m\u00e1 Scratch v\u00edce funkc\u00ed: v z\u00e1kladn\u00edm softwaru lze vlo\u017eit pouze jeden vlastn\u00ed zvuk, chyb\u00ed mo\u017enost vytv\u00e1\u0159et vlastn\u00ed procedury a funkce (tj. spojovat p\u0159\u00edkazy do jednoho bloku), zat\u00edmco v Scratchi takov\u00e1 omezen\u00ed nejsou. To poskytuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed svobodu a mo\u017enosti jak \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm, tak u\u010diteli.<\/p>\n

Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s LEGO Education WeDo 2.0<\/h2>\n

\nStandardn\u00ed hodina zahrnuje diskusi o \u00fakolu, konstrukci, programov\u00e1n\u00ed a reflexi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00dakol lze definovat pomoc\u00ed animovan\u00e9 prezentace, kter\u00e1 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f. D\u011bti by m\u011bly formulovat hypot\u00e9zy o tom, jak tento mechanismus funguje.<\/p>\n

Ve druh\u00e9 f\u00e1zi se d\u011bti v\u011bnuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed LEGO robota. Obvykle pracuj\u00ed v p\u00e1rech, ale je mo\u017en\u00e9 i individu\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo skupinov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. Pro ka\u017ed\u00fd z 16 krokov\u00fdch projekt\u016f jsou k dispozici podrobn\u00e9 instrukce. Dal\u0161\u00edch 8 otev\u0159en\u00fdch projekt\u016f poskytuje \u00faplnou svobodu kreativity p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zadan\u00e9ho \u00fakolu.<\/p>\n

V f\u00e1zi programov\u00e1n\u00ed je t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee je lep\u0161\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt s vlastn\u00edm softwarem WeDo 2.0. Jakmile se d\u011bti s n\u00edm sezn\u00e1m\u00ed a nau\u010d\u00ed se pracovat s bloky a modely, lze logicky p\u0159ej\u00edt na Scratch.<\/p>\n

Na posledn\u00edm stupni prob\u00edh\u00e1 anal\u00fdza cel\u00e9ho procesu, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme tabulky a grafy, prov\u00e1d\u00edme experimenty. V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi je mo\u017en\u00e9 zadat \u00fakol na vylep\u0161en\u00ed modelu nebo zdokonalen\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 \u010di softwarov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n

U\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly
\n<\/b><\/p>\n