{"id":54229,"date":"2019-12-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-20T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/kratkij-obzor-instrumentov-dlya-testirovaniya-i-benchmarkinga-blokchejnov"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:13","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:13","slug":"kratkij-obzor-instrumentov-dlya-testirovaniya-i-benchmarkinga-blokchejnov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kratkij-obzor-instrumentov-dlya-testirovaniya-i-benchmarkinga-blokchejnov","title":{"rendered":"Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd p\u0159ehled n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed a benchmarkov\u00e1n\u00ed blockchain\u016f","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Dnes jsou \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed a benchmarkov\u00e1n\u00ed blockchain\u016f zam\u011b\u0159ena na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed blockchain nebo jeho forky. Existuje v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se li\u0161\u00ed funkcionalitou: n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich jsou open source projekty, jin\u00e9 jsou poskytov\u00e1ny jako SaaS, ale v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich jsou intern\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vyvinut\u00e1 t\u00fdmem v\u00fdvoje blockchainu. P\u0159esto v\u0161echna \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u0159e\u0161\u00ed podobn\u00e9 \u00fakoly. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku jsem se pokusil stru\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ehledn\u011b prozkoumat n\u011bkolik produkt\u016f zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na testov\u00e1n\u00ed blockchain\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ce blockchainov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed distribuovan\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze, a proto lze pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikovat podobn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje a metody. Abyste l\u00e9pe rozum\u011bli tomu, jak se testuj\u00ed distribuovan\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze, pod\u00edvejte se na dobr\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br zdroj\u016f a \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f odsud<\/a><\/noindex>. Nap\u0159\u00edklad latence je podrobn\u011b rozebr\u00e1na v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a><\/noindex>, a abyste pochopili, jak se hledaj\u00ed chyby v algoritmech replikace, doporu\u010duji se sezn\u00e1mit s t\u00edmto \u010dl\u00e1nkem<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pop\u00ed\u0161u n\u011bkolik popul\u00e1rn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed a benchmarkov\u00e1n\u00ed blockchain\u016f. Budu r\u00e1d, pokud v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch uvedete dal\u0161\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 softwarov\u00e9 produkty pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed stejn\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Za\u010dnu s n\u00e1strojem, kter\u00fd sice nebyl navr\u017een konkr\u00e9tn\u011b pro blockchainy, ale umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u011b testovat jejich funkci za podm\u00ednky, \u017ee existuje ji\u017e spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165, na kter\u00e9 lze experimentovat. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem spolehlivosti distribuovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je schopnost pokra\u010dovat v \u010dinnosti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b probl\u00e9m\u016f se servery a s\u00edt\u00ed. To mohou b\u00fdt s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed disku, nedostupnost extern\u00edch slu\u017eeb (DNS), hardwarov\u00e9 poruchy a stovky dal\u0161\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f. K ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed odolnosti jak\u00fdchkoli syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed koordinovan\u011b na velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu stroj\u016f, lze pou\u017e\u00edvat Gremlin<\/a><\/noindex>. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se zde velmi efektivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup zvan\u00fd Chaos Engineering. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

S pomoc\u00ed vlastn\u00edho s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho agenta Gremlin vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed na po\u017eadovan\u00e9m po\u010dtu stroj\u016f r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy probl\u00e9m\u016f: s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 lagy, p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoliv zdroje (CPU, disk, pam\u011b\u0165, s\u00ed\u0165), zakazuje jednotliv\u00e9 protokoly atd. Pro blockchainy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt Gremlin pou\u017eit na serverech testovac\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, emuluj\u00edc\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a pozoruj\u00edc\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. S jeho pomoc\u00ed mohou v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i a administr\u00e1to\u0159i v kontrolovan\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed sledovat, co se stane v syst\u00e9mu v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed nebo p\u0159i aktualizaci k\u00f3du. S\u00ed\u0165 je pot\u0159eba p\u0159edem nakonfigurovat a nasadit, a tak\u00e9 nastavit sb\u011br pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch metrik.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Gremlin je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro architekty, devopsy a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed specialisty a univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoliv hotov\u00fdch a provozovan\u00fdch distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b blockchain\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Hyperledger Caliper je mnohem specializovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed Hyperledger Caliper<\/a><\/noindex>. V sou\u010dasnosti Caliper podporuje n\u011bkolik blockchain\u016f z rodiny Hyperledger (Fabric, Sawtooth, Iroha, Burrow, Besu), stejn\u011b jako Ethereum a s\u00ed\u0165 FISCO BCOS. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

S pomoc\u00ed Caliperu m\u016f\u017eete nastavit topologii blockchainov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b a smlouvy pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako popsat konfiguraci uzlu. Uzly blockchainu jsou nasazeny v docker kontejnerech na jednom stroji. D\u00e1le m\u016f\u017eete vybrat po\u017eadovan\u00e9 konfigurace test\u016f<\/a><\/noindex> a po spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00edskat soubor s v\u00fdsledky testu. S \u00fapln\u00fdm seznamem metrik Caliper a p\u0159\u00edstupem k benchmarkingu se m\u016f\u017eete sezn\u00e1mit zde Hyperledger Blockchain Performance Metrics<\/a><\/noindex>, to je skv\u011bl\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek, pokud v\u00e1s zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed t\u00e9mata benchmarkingu blockchain\u016f. Tak\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 nastavit sb\u011br metrik do samostatn\u00e9ho Prometheus\/Grafana. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Hyperledger Caliper je n\u00e1stroj zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 architekty, proto\u017ee zaji\u0161\u0165uje opakovatelnost test\u016f a automatizaci testov\u00e1n\u00ed a benchmarkingu. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji j\u00e1dra blockchain\u016f: algoritm\u016f konsensu, virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed chytr\u00fdch smluv, peer-to-peer vrstvy a dal\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch mechanism\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

MixBytes Tank<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd vznikl b\u011bhem v\u00fdvoje konsensu\u00e1ln\u00edch algoritm\u016f a finalizace pro s\u00edt\u011b zalo\u017een\u00e9 na EOS a testov\u00e1n\u00ed parachain\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b Parity Substrate (Polkadot). Funk\u010dn\u011b je bl\u00edzk\u00fd Hyperledger Caliper, proto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje sb\u00edrat d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 metriky z uzl\u016f jak\u00e9hokoliv distribuovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a klientsk\u00fdch stroj\u016f, na kter\u00fdch b\u011b\u017e\u00ed testovac\u00ed skripty. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

MixBytes Tank vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb (Digital Ocean, Google Cloud Engine a dal\u0161\u00ed), ve kter\u00fdch dok\u00e1\u017ee spustit mnoho uzl\u016f, prov\u00e9st p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 konfigura\u010dn\u00ed postupy, paraleln\u011b spustit n\u011bkolik benchmark\u016f na r\u016fzn\u00fdch stroj\u00edch, shrom\u00e1\u017edit pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 metriky a automaticky uzav\u0159\u00edt s\u00ed\u0165. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

MixBytes Tank umo\u017e\u0148uje ekonomicky hospoda\u0159it s prost\u0159edky na cloudov\u00e9 servery t\u00edm, \u017ee automaticky uzav\u00edr\u00e1 nepot\u0159ebn\u00e9 zdroje po proveden\u00ed testu. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdraznou vlastnost\u00ed je pou\u017eit\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dku Molecule, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i testovat rozbalen\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho blockchainu lok\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

MixBytes Tank umo\u017e\u0148uje v ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch odhalit \u00fazk\u00e1 m\u00edsta a chyby v algoritmech, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch s vysok\u00fdm po\u010dtem geograficky rozlo\u017een\u00fdch server\u016f a klient\u016f. Tank v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee pochopit, co se stane na uzlech, pokud klienti budou pos\u00edlat transakce se zadan\u00fdm tps za vysoce opakovan\u00fdch podm\u00ednek a s re\u00e1ln\u00fdm po\u010dtem uzl\u016f rozlo\u017een\u00fdch na r\u016fzn\u00fdch kontinentech, pokud to bude pot\u0159eba.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Whiteblock Genesis je platforma pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed blockchain\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na Ethereum. Tento n\u00e1stroj m\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b \u0161irok\u00e9 funkce: umo\u017e\u0148uje spustit s\u00ed\u0165, vytvo\u0159it v n\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fd po\u010det \u00fa\u010dt\u016f, zprovoznit pot\u0159ebn\u00fd po\u010det klient\u016f, nakonfigurovat topologii s\u00edt\u011b, zadat parametry \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky p\u00e1sma, ztr\u00e1ty paket\u016f a spustit test. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Whiteblock Genesis poskytuje vlastn\u00ed zdroje pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed test\u016f. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i mus\u00ed pouze zadat parametry test\u016f, spustit je pomoc\u00ed hotov\u00e9ho API a z\u00edskat v\u00fdsledky pomoc\u00ed p\u0159ehledn\u00e9ho dashboardu.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Whiteblock Genesis umo\u017e\u0148uje nakonfigurovat dostate\u010dn\u011b podrobn\u00fd test, kter\u00fd platforma automaticky provede p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b k\u00f3du. To umo\u017en\u00ed v ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch odchytit chyby a okam\u017eit\u011b ohodnotit vliv zm\u011bn na d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 parametry s\u00edt\u011b, jako je rychlost transakc\u00ed a zdroje spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9 uzly. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Madt<\/h1>\n

<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00fd mlad\u00fd produkt pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f \u2014 madt<\/a><\/noindex>. Je naps\u00e1n v Pythonu a umo\u017e\u0148uje vytvo\u0159it pot\u0159ebnou topologii s\u00edt\u011b a po\u017eadovan\u00fd po\u010det server\u016f a klient\u016f pomoc\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9ho konfigura\u010dn\u00edho skriptu (p\u0159\u00edklad<\/a><\/noindex>). Pot\u00e9 tento servis nasazuje s\u00ed\u0165 v n\u011bkolika docker kontejnerech a spou\u0161t\u00ed webov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m lze sledovat zpr\u00e1vy od server\u016f a klient\u016f s\u00edt\u011b. Madt lze vyu\u017e\u00edt pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed blockchain\u016f \u2014 v repozit\u00e1\u0159i projektu je test p2p s\u00edt\u011b zalo\u017een\u00fd na protokolu Kademlia, ve kter\u00e9 se postupn\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed latence p\u0159i doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed dat na uzly a kontroluje se stav t\u011bchto dat.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Madt se objevil ned\u00e1vno, ale vzhledem k velmi flexibiln\u00ed architektu\u0159e se m\u016f\u017ee vyvinout v funk\u010dn\u00ed produkt. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h1>\n

<\/p>\n

Prakticky jak\u00e9koli testov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti blockchain\u016f vy\u017eaduje spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpravu \u00fa\u010dt\u016f a podm\u00ednek pro test (to m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat testov\u00e1n\u00ed chyb konsensu, kter\u00e9 mohou vyvolat \u010detn\u00e9 forky \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f hard forku, zm\u011bny syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch parametr\u016f atd.). V\u0161echny tyto manipulace v r\u016fzn\u00fdch blockchainech prob\u00edhaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b, proto jsou pro t\u00fdmy snaz\u0161\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobit testov\u00e1n\u00ed a benchmarking produktu k intern\u00edmu CI\/CD a vyu\u017e\u00edvat vlastn\u00ed produkce, kter\u00e9 se postupn\u011b zkomplikuje s rozvojem funk\u010dnosti blockchainu.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b vyu\u017eit\u00ed hotov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee t\u00fdm\u016fm v\u00fdrazn\u011b zkr\u00e1tit dobu testov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee tento software se bude v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech aktivn\u011b vyv\u00edjet.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h1>\n

<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1v\u011br tohoto mal\u00e9ho p\u0159ehledu uvedu n\u011bkolik d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch charakteristik n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed blockchain\u016f:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n