{"id":54267,"date":"2019-12-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-21T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/how-to-nastrojka-seti-i-vlan-na-vydelennom-servere-hetzner-i-mikrotik"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:16","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:16","slug":"how-to-nastrojka-seti-i-vlan-na-vydelennom-servere-hetzner-i-mikrotik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/how-to-nastrojka-seti-i-vlan-na-vydelennom-servere-hetzner-i-mikrotik","title":{"rendered":"HOW-to \/ Nastaven\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a VLAN na dedikovan\u00e9m serveru Hetzner a Mikrotik","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kdy\u017e naraz\u00edte na ot\u00e1zku a proch\u00e1z\u00edte velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dokumentace, sna\u017ete se systematizovat a zaznamenat, co jste se nau\u010dili, abyste si to l\u00e9pe zapamatovali. Tak\u00e9 vytvo\u0159te n\u00e1vod k t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce, abyste nemuseli znovu proch\u00e1zet celou cestu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u016fvodn\u00ed dokumentace se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v hojn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/forum.proxmox.com\">https:\/\/forum.proxmox.com<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.hetzner.de\">https:\/\/wiki.hetzner.de<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"postanovka-zadachi\">Formulace \u00fakolu<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Klient chce spojit n\u011bkolik pronajat\u00fdch server\u016f do jedn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, aby se zbavil nutnosti platit za n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch pods\u00edt\u00ed, p\u0159ipojit v\u0161e za router, p\u0159id\u011blit jim vnit\u0159n\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00ed adresy a zabezpe\u010dit to firewallem. Aby cel\u00fd provoz b\u011b\u017eel uvnit\u0159 VLAN. Nav\u00edc chce p\u0159ev\u00e9st virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje ze star\u00e9ho serveru na nov\u00fd a ten star\u00fd opustit, upgradovat star\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159ej\u00edt na nov\u00fd Proxmox.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Klient m\u011bl p\u016fvodn\u011b 5 server\u016f, na ka\u017ed\u00e9m s dal\u0161\u00ed pods\u00edti, prvn\u00ed adresa z p\u0159id\u011blen\u00e9 pods\u00edt\u011b byla p\u0159id\u011blena na dal\u0161\u00ed most na Proxmox. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HOW-to \/ Nastaven\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a VLAN na dedikovan\u00e9m serveru Hetzner a Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/fa42daab8b3703e4a1bf926bc421e885.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje pracuj\u00ed na Windows a maj\u00ed nastavenou adresu 85.x.x.177\/29 s br\u00e1nou 85.x.x.176.<br \/>\nA podobn\u011b jsou nastaveny v\u0161echny 5 servery se sv\u00fdmi virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmi stroji.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee tato konfigurace je v z\u00e1sad\u011b chybn\u011b nastavena v s\u00edti, pou\u017e\u00edvat adresu s\u00edt\u011b pro prvn\u00ed uzel a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pro br\u00e1nu. Pokud byste se o tuto konfiguraci pokusili na virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm stroji v Ubuntu, s\u00ed\u0165 by nefungovala.<br \/>\n\u2003<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"realizaciya\">Implementace<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme vSwitch v rozhran\u00ed, p\u0159id\u011blujeme mu VlanID, p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1me tento vSwitch ke v\u0161em pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm server\u016fm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HOW-to \/ Nastaven\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a VLAN na dedikovan\u00e9m serveru Hetzner a Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/46183290bf149dc532816bb36206178e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme testovac\u00ed server, abychom mohli nastavit a p\u0159est\u011bhovat se bez probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Spou\u0161t\u00edme prvn\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj chr podle <strong><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.mikrotik.com\/wiki\/Manual:CHR_ProxMox_installation\">n\u00e1vodu pro proxmox.<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pokud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te uveden\u00fd skript, dejte si pozor, \u017ee na za\u010d\u00e1tku se kontroluje existence adres\u00e1\u0159e -d \/root\/temp, a pokud neexistuje, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se adres\u00e1\u0159 \/home\/root\/temp, nicm\u00e9n\u011b pr\u00e1ce pokra\u010duje s adres\u00e1\u0159em \/root\/temp. Skript je t\u0159eba opravit, aby odpov\u00eddal vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho adres\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nastavujeme s\u00ed\u0165 pro Proxmox.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HOW-to \/ Nastaven\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a VLAN na dedikovan\u00e9m serveru Hetzner a Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/8a259a88ae768c811198408833ff7555.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1me subinterfaci s \u010d\u00edslem VLAN, uv\u00e1d\u00edme, \u017ee nastaven\u00ed adres bude prob\u00edhat na mostech s pou\u017eit\u00edm inet manual. D\u016eLE\u017dIT\u00c9. Nelze nastavovat IP adresy na rozhran\u00edch, kter\u00e9 pot\u00e9 zapoj\u00edte do mostu, jak to bude fungovat a zda v\u016fbec, nen\u00ed nikomu zn\u00e1mo.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1sledn\u011b vytvo\u0159\u00edme most vmbr0 \u2013 a p\u0159i\u0159ad\u00edme mu prvn\u00ed adresu samotn\u00e9ho serveru, kterou jsme obdr\u017eeli od poskytovatele Hetzner, ur\u010d\u00edme port mostu \u2013 prvn\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed bez VLAN, a nav\u00edc p\u0159id\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edkaz pro p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed trasy k na\u0161\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00edti, kterou jsme u Hetzner objednali pro tento server p\u0159es tento most. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed trasy bude fungovat, a\u017e se rozhran\u00ed spust\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Druh\u00fdm mostem bude pro n\u00e1s rozhran\u00ed pro lok\u00e1ln\u00ed provoz, p\u0159id\u00e1me na n\u011bj adresu pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed konektivity mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi servery Proxmox v lok\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti bez v\u00fdstupu na internet a u portu uvedeme subrozhran\u00ed eno1.4000, kter\u00e9 je vyhrazeno pro n\u00e1\u0161 VlanID.<br \/>\nP\u0159i po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm nastaven\u00ed se objevuj\u00ed rady, \u017ee lze pro Proxmox nav\u00edc nainstalovat bal\u00ed\u010dek ifupdown2, a \u017ee p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u00e1ch v s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch rozhran\u00edch server nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 zcela restartovat. To v\u0161ak plat\u00ed pouze pro prvotn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed, a p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed most\u016f a nastaven\u00ed ji\u017e virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f se objevuj\u00ed probl\u00e9my s odpojen\u00edm s\u00edt\u011b ve virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u00edch. Kdy\u017e jste nap\u0159\u00edklad upravili rozhran\u00ed vmbr2, a p\u0159i aplikaci konfigurace se s\u00ed\u0165 odpoj\u00ed na v\u0161ech intern\u00edch rozhran\u00edch a znovu se nezvedne, dokud server \u00fapln\u011b nena\u010dtete. ifdown&amp;&amp;ifup nepom\u00e1haj\u00ed. Pokud m\u00e1 n\u011bkdo \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u2013 budu vd\u011b\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed nastaven\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed na serveru z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 funk\u010dn\u00ed a dostupn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>P\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed adresy pro CHR, aby se neztratily adresy z poolu.<br \/>\nPool adres, kter\u00fd vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 Hetzner, vypad\u00e1 pro s\u00ed\u0165a\u0159e pon\u011bkud podivn\u011b, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b takto: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HOW-to \/ Nastaven\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a VLAN na dedikovan\u00e9m serveru Hetzner a Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/d6f74e42e41a6bdeb7f172089b7c48fd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Podivnost spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee jako br\u00e1nu se navrhuje pou\u017e\u00edvat vlastn\u00ed adresu fyzick\u00e9ho serveru.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Klasick\u00e1 varianta, kterou s\u00e1m Hetzner navrhuje, byla uvedena v zad\u00e1n\u00ed \u00falohy a byla realizov\u00e1na klientem samostatn\u011b. V t\u00e9to variant\u011b klient ztr\u00e1c\u00ed prvn\u00ed adresu na adresu s\u00edt\u011b, druhou adresu na most\u011b proxmox a ta bude tak\u00e9 br\u00e1nou, a posledn\u00ed adresu pro broadcast. Adresy IPv4 nikdy nejsou nadbyte\u010dn\u00e9. Pokud se v\u0161ak pokus\u00edte p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159id\u011blit na CHR IP adresu 136.x.x.177\/29 a br\u00e1nu pro 0.0.0.0\/0 148.x.x.165, budete to moci ud\u011blat, av\u0161ak br\u00e1na nebude p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 a proto bude nedosa\u017eiteln\u00e1. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HOW-to \/ Nastaven\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a VLAN na dedikovan\u00e9m serveru Hetzner a Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ca6ba7eab91409c85a388135c050388e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vy\u0159e\u0161it situaci lze, pokud pou\u017eijete s\u00ed\u0165 32 na ka\u017edou adresu a jako n\u00e1zev s\u00edt\u011b uvedete po\u017eadovanou adresu, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jak\u00e1koli. V\u00fdsledkem je ekvivalent point-to-point spojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HOW-to \/ Nastaven\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a VLAN na dedikovan\u00e9m serveru Hetzner a Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/6b7ac19527459656141c519c263f744b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude br\u00e1na samoz\u0159ejm\u011b dostupn\u00e1 a v\u0161e bude fungovat tak, jak pot\u0159ebujeme.<br \/>\nPamatujte, \u017ee u takov\u00e9 konfigurace se nedoporu\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edvat pravidlo SRC-NAT masquerade, proto\u017ee v\u00fdstupn\u00ed adresa bude neur\u010dit\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e1; l\u00e9pe je specifikovat action: src-NAT a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed adresu, ze kter\u00e9 budete klienta uvol\u0148ovat.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A nakonec.<br \/>\nPro blokov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k samotn\u00e9mu Proxmoxu z internetu pou\u017eijte vestav\u011bn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky: existuje skv\u011bl\u00fd firewall.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"HOW-to \/ Nastaven\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a VLAN na dedikovan\u00e9m serveru Hetzner a Mikrotik\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/898e599c2a83e4b4e1b481fbd196338b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nen\u00ed dobr\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat firewall nab\u00edzen\u00fd Hetznerem, abyste se nezamotal do um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 Hetzner bude p\u016fsobit na v\u0161echny s\u00edt\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 jsou nastaven\u00e9 na CHR, a pro otev\u0159en\u00ed a p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed port\u016f bude nutn\u00e9 to ud\u011blat tak\u00e9 v webov\u00e9m rozhran\u00ed poskytovatele.<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/481290\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044f 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\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0430 https:\/\/forum.proxmox.com https:\/\/wiki.hetzner.de \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u041a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f 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