{"id":54273,"date":"2019-12-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-21T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/reliz-sistemy-samodostatochnyh-paketov-flatpak-1-6-0"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:16","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:16","slug":"reliz-sistemy-samodostatochnyh-paketov-flatpak-1-6-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/reliz-sistemy-samodostatochnyh-paketov-flatpak-1-6-0","title":{"rendered":"Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00fdch bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f Flatpak 1.6.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/flatpak\/releases\/tag\/1.6.0\">Byla publikov\u00e1na<\/a><\/noindex>  nov\u00e1 stabiln\u00ed v\u011btev n\u00e1stroje <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/flatpak.org\/\">Flatpak 1.6<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00fd poskytuje syst\u00e9m pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00fdch bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch distribuc\u00edch Linuxu a spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edm kontejneru, kter\u00fd izoluje aplikaci od zbyl\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti syst\u00e9mu. Podpora spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Flatpak bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f je zaji\u0161t\u011bna pro Arch Linux, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/copr.fedorainfracloud.org\/coprs\/amigadave\/flatpak-epel7\/\">CentOS<\/a><\/noindex>, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo, Mageia, Linux Mint a Ubuntu. Bal\u00ed\u010dky s Flatpak jsou zahrnuty v repozit\u00e1\u0159i Fedora a jsou podporov\u00e1ny v nativn\u00edm spr\u00e1vci aplikac\u00ed GNOME.<\/p>\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/flatpak\/blob\/master\/NEWS\">novinky<\/a><\/noindex> v \u0159et\u011bzu Flatpak 1.6:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/flatpak\/blob\/master\/data\/org.freedesktop.portal.Flatpak.xml#L244\">API Portal<\/a><\/noindex> byla p\u0159id\u00e1na metoda CreateUpdateMonitor, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje aplikac\u00edm sledovat dostupnost aktualizac\u00ed a po\u017eadovat instalaci nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 aktualizace.<br \/>\nPro zak\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed k samostatn\u00e9 instalaci aktualizac\u00ed aplikac\u00ed lze pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edkaz &#171;flatpak permission-set flatpak updates $APPID no&#187; (pokud zad\u00e1te &#171;ask&#187; nam\u00edsto &#171;no&#187;, poka\u017ed\u00e9 se zobraz\u00ed dialog pro potvrzen\u00ed aktualizace);<\/p>\n<p><center><br \/>\n<video style=\"width: 474px; height: 266.625px; max-width:100%\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.gnome.org\/mclasen\/files\/2019\/12\/update-monitor.webm?_=1\" width=\"474\" height=\"267\" controls><source type=\"video\/webm\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.gnome.org\/mclasen\/files\/2019\/12\/update-monitor.webm?_=1\"><\/video><\/center><\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro usnadn\u011bn\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zpracovatel\u016f byla navr\u017eena knihovna<br \/>\n libportal, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed bez p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho pou\u017eit\u00ed API Portal a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1l\u016f p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159es D-Bus.<br \/>\nLibportal poskytuje jednoduch\u00e9 asynchronn\u011b pracuj\u00edc\u00ed vrstvy pro v\u011bt\u0161inu &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/xdg-desktop-portal\/blob\/master\/data\/\">port\u00e1l\u016f<\/a><\/noindex>&#171;;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no nov\u00e9 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed &#171;&#8212;socket=cups&#187; pro p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k tiskov\u00e9mu serveru CUPS;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl zm\u011bn\u011bn protokol a API pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed autentizace. Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n autentiz\u00e1tor pro OCI (Open Container Initiative). Byla implementov\u00e1na podpora automatick\u00e9 instalace autentiz\u00e1tor\u016f z extern\u00edho repozit\u00e1\u0159e flatpak. Do FlatpakTransaction byl p\u0159id\u00e1n callback zpracovatel pro pou\u017eit\u00ed autentizace pomoc\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na a hesla analogicky s metodou autentizace HTTP basic;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed a syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed autentizaci p\u0159i na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 pro izolaci vrstva bubblewrap byla aktualizov\u00e1na na vyd\u00e1n\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51947\">0.4.0<\/a><\/noindex>;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na voliteln\u00e1 podpora rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9 kontroly prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm aplikace knihovny <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.freedesktop.org\/pwithnall\/malcontent\">libmalcontent<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje omezit p\u0159\u00edstup k ur\u010dit\u00fdm typ\u016fm obsahu;\n<li class=\"l\"> Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed se nyn\u00ed instaluj\u00ed p\u0159ed aplikac\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje okam\u017eit\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed aplikace po dokon\u010den\u00ed jej\u00ed instalace;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly p\u0159epracov\u00e1ny manipulace s do\u010dasn\u00fdmi soubory, co\u017e vedlo k zlep\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1ce v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch nedostatku voln\u00e9ho diskov\u00e9ho prostoru;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro proveden\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mankier.com\/1\/flatpak-enter\">flatpak enter<\/a><\/noindex>&#187; ji\u017e nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba pou\u017e\u00edvat sudo;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do port\u00e1l\u016f byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vno\u0159en\u00fdch izolovan\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed (sub-sandbox) pro pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 procesy;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkazy &#171;flatpak permission-set&#187; a &#171;permission-remove&#187; pro spr\u00e1vu instalace opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost &#171;flatpak install &#8212;or-update&#187;, kter\u00e1 provede aktualizaci, pokud je aplikace ji\u017e nainstalov\u00e1na;\n<li class=\"l\"> Byl p\u0159id\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edkaz &#171;flatpak mask&#187; pro ukotven\u00ed verze a zak\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed instalace aktualizac\u00ed;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro obrazy ve form\u00e1tu OCI (Open Container Initiative) byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed zna\u010dek, generov\u00e1n\u00ed historie zm\u011bn v obrazu a zahrnut\u00ed mime-typ\u016f docker vedle mime-typ\u016f OCI;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do nastaven\u00ed byl p\u0159id\u00e1n kl\u00ed\u010d default-languages pro ur\u010den\u00ed seznamu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch jazyk\u016f, vedle syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho seznamu.\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm aplikac\u00ed Flatpak usnad\u0148uje distribuci sv\u00fdch program\u016f, kter\u00e9 nejsou zahrnuty v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch repozit\u00e1\u0159\u00edch distribuc\u00ed, d\u00edky <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/flatpak.org\/developer.html\">p\u0159iprav\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> jedin\u00fd univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed kontejner bez vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00fdch sestaven\u00ed pro ka\u017edou distribuci. U\u017eivatel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed dbaj\u00ed na bezpe\u010dnost, Flatpak umo\u017e\u0148uje spustit podez\u0159elou aplikaci v kontejneru a poskytuje p\u0159\u00edstup pouze k s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdm funkc\u00edm a u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm soubor\u016fm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm s aplikac\u00ed. U\u017eivatel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed se zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o novinky, Flatpak umo\u017e\u0148uje nainstalovat nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed testovac\u00ed a stabiln\u00ed verze aplikac\u00ed bez nutnosti m\u011bnit syst\u00e9m. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jsou ji\u017e bal\u00ed\u010dky Flatpak <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/flathub.org\">sestavov\u00e1ny<\/a><\/noindex> pro LibreOffice, Firefox, GIMP, Inkscape, Kdenlive, Steam, 0 A.D., Visual Studio Code, VLC, Slack, Skype, Telegram Desktop, Android Studio atd.<\/p>\n<p>Aby se sn\u00ed\u017eila velikost bal\u00ed\u010dku, zahrnuje pouze specifick\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti aplikace, zat\u00edmco z\u00e1kladn\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 a grafick\u00e9 knihovny (Gtk+, Qt, knihovny GNOME a KDE atd.) jsou zpracov\u00e1ny jako p\u0159ipojiteln\u00e9 standardn\u00ed runtime prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi Flatpak a Snap spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee Snap pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 komponenty prost\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a izolaci na z\u00e1klad\u011b filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed, zat\u00edmco Flatpak vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed samostatn\u00fd kontejner od syst\u00e9mu a operuje s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi runtime sadami, poskytuj\u00edc\u00edmi jako z\u00e1vislosti nikoli bal\u00ed\u010dky, ale standardn\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 prost\u0159ed\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u0161echny knihovny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed program\u016f GNOME nebo KDE).<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b typick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (runtime), kter\u00e9 se instaluje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm speci\u00e1ln\u00edho <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/sdk.gnome.org\/repo\/\">repuzit\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/noindex>, jsou dod\u00e1v\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti (bundle) pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikace. V sou\u010dtu runtime a bundle tvo\u0159\u00ed obsah kontejneru, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e runtime se instaluje samostatn\u011b a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ipojen k n\u011bkolika kontejner\u016fm, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vyhnout se duplicov\u00e1n\u00ed sd\u00edlen\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch soubor\u016f. V jednom syst\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nainstalov\u00e1no n\u011bkolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch runtime (GNOME, KDE) nebo n\u011bkolik verz\u00ed jednoho runtime (GNOME 3.26, GNOME 3.28). Kontejner s aplikac\u00ed jako z\u00e1vislost pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed pouze k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu runtime, bez ohledu na jednotliv\u00e9 bal\u00ed\u010dky, z nich\u017e se runtime skl\u00e1d\u00e1. V\u0161echny chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed prvky jsou zabaleny spolu s aplikac\u00ed. P\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kontejneru se obsah runtime p\u0159ipojuje jako odd\u00edl \/usr, zat\u00edmco bundle se p\u0159ipojuje do adres\u00e1\u0159e \/app. <\/p>\n<p>Obsah runtime a kontejner\u016f aplikac\u00ed je tvo\u0159en pomoc\u00ed technologie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=37750\">OSTree<\/a><\/noindex>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e obraz se atom\u00e1rn\u011b aktualizuje z \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b podobn\u00e9ho Gitu, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje aplikovat metody verzovac\u00ed kontroly na komponenty distribuce (nap\u0159\u00edklad lze rychle vr\u00e1tit syst\u00e9m do p\u0159edchoz\u00edho stavu). RPM bal\u00ed\u010dky jsou p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bny do repozit\u00e1\u0159e OSTree pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed vrstvy <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/rpm-ostree.cloud.fedoraproject.org\/\">rpm-ostree<\/a><\/noindex>. Odd\u011blen\u00e1 instalace a aktualizace bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f uvnit\u0159 pracovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed nen\u00ed podporov\u00e1na, syst\u00e9m se aktualizuje nikoliv na \u00farovni jednotliv\u00fdch komponent\u016f, ale celkov\u011b, atom\u00e1rn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e9 stavy. Jsou poskytov\u00e1ny n\u00e1stroje pro inkrement\u00e1ln\u00ed aplikaci aktualizac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zbavuj\u00ed pot\u0159eby kompletn\u00edho nahrazen\u00ed obrazu p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9 aktualizaci.<\/p>\n<p>Vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 izolovan\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed je zcela nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 na pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 distribuci a p\u0159i \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9m nastaven\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dku nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup k soubor\u016fm a proces\u016fm u\u017eivatele ani z\u00e1kladn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, nem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159\u00edmo komunikovat s hardwarem, s v\u00fdjimkou v\u00fdstupu p\u0159es DRI, a s\u00ed\u0165ovou podsyst\u00e9m. V\u00fdstup grafiky a organizace vstupu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/flatpak\/wiki\">je realizov\u00e1n<\/a><\/noindex> pomoc\u00ed protokolu Wayland nebo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed socketu X11. Interakce s vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm je postavena na syst\u00e9mu pro v\u00fdm\u011bnu zpr\u00e1v DBus a speci\u00e1ln\u00edm API Portals. Pro izolaci  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/flatpak\/flatpak\/wiki\/Sandbox\">se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> vrstva <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/projectatomic\/bubblewrap\">Bubblewrap<\/a><\/noindex> a tradi\u010dn\u00ed technologie kontejnerov\u00e9 virtualizace pro Linux zalo\u017een\u00e9 na vyu\u017eit\u00ed cgroups, prostor\u016f n\u00e1zv\u016f (namespaces), Seccomp a SELinux. Pro p\u0159ehr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zvuku se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 PulseAudio. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52075\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f Flatpak 1.6, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c Linux \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Flatpak-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 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