{"id":54586,"date":"2019-12-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-28T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/nuzhno-li-sozdavat-raid-massiv-iz-ssd-i-kakie-kontrollery-dlya-etogo-nuzhny"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:37","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:37","slug":"nuzhno-li-sozdavat-raid-massiv-iz-ssd-i-kakie-kontrollery-dlya-etogo-nuzhny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nuzhno-li-sozdavat-raid-massiv-iz-ssd-i-kakie-kontrollery-dlya-etogo-nuzhny","title":{"rendered":"Je t\u0159eba vytv\u00e1\u0159et RAID pole z SSD a jak\u00e9 \u0159adi\u010de jsou k tomu pot\u0159eba","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ahoj Habr! V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na to, zda m\u00e1 smysl vytvo\u0159it RAID pole na b\u00e1zi pevn\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed SATA SSD a NVMe SSD, a zda z toho bude n\u011bjak\u00fd skute\u010dn\u00fd zisk. Rozhodli jsme se tento probl\u00e9m prozkoumat a zamysleli jsme se nad typy a druhy \u0159adi\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 to umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed, a oblasti pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto konfigurac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Je
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nTak \u010di onak, ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s alespo\u0148 jednou v \u017eivot\u011b sly\u0161el takov\u00e9 pojmy jako \u201eRAID\u201c, \u201eRAID pole\u201c, \u201eRAID \u0159adi\u010d\u201c, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tomu nev\u011bnovali velkou pozornost, proto\u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele PC to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nezaj\u00edm\u00e1. Ale vysok\u00e9 rychlosti z intern\u00edch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 a jejich spolehliv\u00e1 funk\u010dnost cht\u011bj\u00ed v\u0161ichni. V\u0161echno, jak moc v\u00fdkonn\u00fd by po\u010d\u00edta\u010d byl, rychlost pr\u00e1ce \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b se st\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fazk\u00fdm m\u00edstem, pokud mluv\u00edme o celkov\u00e9m v\u00fdkonu PC a serveru. <\/p>\n

Tak to bylo a\u017e do okam\u017eiku, kdy modern\u00ed NVMe SSD s porovnatelnost\u00ed kapacity 1 TB a v\u00edce nahradily tradi\u010dn\u00ed HDD. A pokud d\u0159\u00edve bylo v PC b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 spojen\u00ed SATA SSD + p\u00e1r kapacitn\u00edch HDD, dnes je za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nahrazovat jin\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u2014 NVMe SSD + p\u00e1r kapacitn\u00edch SATA SSD. Pokud mluv\u00edme o podnikov\u00fdm serverech a \u201ecloudech\u201c, mnoz\u00ed u\u017e \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b p\u0159e\u0161li na SATA SSD, jednodu\u0161e proto, \u017ee jsou rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u201edisky\u201c a dok\u00e1\u017eou zpracov\u00e1vat v\u00edce vstupn\u011b\/v\u00fdstupn\u00edch operac\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b.<\/p>\n

\"Je
\n
\nNicm\u00e9n\u011b spolehlivost syst\u00e9mu je st\u00e1le na dost n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farovni: nem\u016f\u017eeme, jako ve \u201eBitv\u011b jasnovidc\u016f\u201c, p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt s p\u0159esnost\u00ed ani t\u00fddne, kdy dan\u00fd pevn\u00fd disk p\u0159estane fungovat. A pokud HDD \u201eum\u00edraj\u00ed\u201c postupn\u011b, co\u017e n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje zachytit p\u0159\u00edznaky a p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed, SSD \u201eum\u00edraj\u00ed\u201c okam\u017eit\u011b a bez varov\u00e1n\u00ed. A nyn\u00ed je \u010das se zamyslet, pro\u010d je to v\u0161echno pot\u0159eba? M\u00e1 smysl organizovat RAID pole na b\u00e1zi pevn\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed SATA SSD a NVMe SSD, a bude z toho n\u011bjak\u00fd skute\u010dn\u00fd zisk? <\/p>\n

K \u010demu je RAID pole?<\/h2>\n

\nSamotn\u00e9 slovo \"pol\u00ed\u010dko\" nazna\u010duje, \u017ee pro jeho vytvo\u0159en\u00ed je pou\u017eito v\u00edce \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 (HDD a SSD), kter\u00e9 jsou spojeny pomoc\u00ed RAID \u0159adi\u010de a rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1ny opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem jako jednotn\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b dat. Hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem, kter\u00fd RAID pol\u00ed\u010dka umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it, je minimalizace \u010dasu p\u0159\u00edstupu k dat\u016fm, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rychlosti \u010dten\u00ed\/z\u00e1pisu a spolehlivosti, co\u017e je dosa\u017eeno d\u00edky mo\u017enosti rychl\u00e9 obnovy v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Mimochodem, pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed z\u00e1lohy nen\u00ed RAID v\u016fbec nezbytn\u00fd. Pokud v\u0161ak m\u00e1te sv\u016fj dom\u00e1c\u00ed server, k n\u011bmu\u017e je pot\u0159ebn\u00fd st\u00e1l\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup 24\/7 \u2014 to je ji\u017e jin\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost.<\/p>\n

Existuje v\u00edce ne\u017e deset \u00farovn\u00ed RAID pol\u00ed\u010dek, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 se li\u0161\u00ed po\u010dtem pou\u017eit\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 a m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody: nap\u0159\u00edklad RAID 0 umo\u017e\u0148uje dos\u00e1hnout vysok\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu bez odolnosti v\u016f\u010di poruch\u00e1m, RAID 1 \u2014 nastavit automatick\u00e9 zrcadlen\u00ed dat bez zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rychlosti, a RAID 10 spojuje mo\u017enosti v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho. RAID 0 a 1 jsou nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed (proto\u017ee nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed softwarov\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f) a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem \u2014 nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nakonec v\u00fdb\u011br t\u00e9 \u010di on\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b RAID z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u00fakolech, kter\u00e9 jsou kladeny na diskov\u00e9 pole, a na mo\u017enostech RAID \u0159adi\u010de.<\/p>\n

Dom\u00e1c\u00ed a firemn\u00ed RAID: jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl?<\/h2>\n

\nZ\u00e1kladem jak\u00e9hokoli modern\u00edho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed jsou velk\u00e9 objemy dat, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spolehliv\u011b ukl\u00e1d\u00e1na na serverech spole\u010dnost\u00ed. A jak jsme ji\u017e zm\u00ednili v\u00fd\u0161e, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zaji\u0161t\u011bn st\u00e1l\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup 24\/7. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee vedle \"hardware\" je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 i softwarov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st, ale v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mluv\u00edme p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uje spolehliv\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd software nezachr\u00e1n\u00ed firmu p\u0159ed zk\u00e1stom, pokud \"hardwarov\u00e9\" vybaven\u00ed neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u00fakol\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou na n\u011bj kladeny.<\/p>\n

\"Je
\n
\nPro tyto \u00fakoly ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdrobce \"hardware\" nab\u00edz\u00ed takzvan\u00e1 firemn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. U Kingstonu jsou to v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 pevn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v podob\u011b SATA model\u016f. Kingston 450R (DC450R)<\/a><\/noindex> a \u0159ady DC500<\/a><\/noindex>, a tak\u00e9 NVMe modely DC1000M U.2 NVMe, DCU1000 U.2 NVMe a DCP-1000 PCI-e, ur\u010den\u00e9 pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v datov\u00fdch centrech a superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch. Pole z takov\u00fdch disk\u016f se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v kombinaci s hardwarov\u00fdmi kontrolery.<\/p>\n

\"Je
\n
\nNa spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9m trhu (tedy pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed PC a NAS servery) jsou k dispozici takov\u00e9 disky jako Kingston KC2000<\/a><\/noindex> NVMe PCIe, ale v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 kupovat hardwarov\u00fd kontroler. M\u016f\u017eete se omezit na ten, kter\u00fd je vestav\u011bn\u00fd na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed desce PC nebo NAS serveru, pokud samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nechcete sestavit dom\u00e1c\u00ed server pro netypick\u00e9 \u00fakoly (nap\u0159\u00edklad pro z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mal\u00e9ho dom\u00e1c\u00edho hostingu pro p\u0159\u00e1tele). Krom\u011b toho dom\u00e1c\u00ed RAID pole obvykle nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee budou m\u00edt stovky a tis\u00edce disk\u016f, ale omezuj\u00ed se na dv\u011b, \u010dty\u0159i a osm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (\u010dast\u011bji SATA).<\/p>\n

Typy RAID kontroler\u016f<\/h2>\n

\nExistuj\u00ed t\u0159i typy RAID kontroler\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou zalo\u017eeny na principech implementace RAID pol\u00ed: <\/p>\n

1. Softwarov\u00e9, kde spr\u00e1va pole le\u017e\u00ed na CPU a DRAM (to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed programov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du prob\u00edh\u00e1 na procesoru).<\/p>\n

2. Integrovan\u00e9, tedy vestav\u011bn\u00e9 na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed desky PC nebo NAS servery.<\/p>\n

3. Hardwarov\u00e9 (modul\u00e1rn\u00ed), p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed desky pro sloty PCI\/PCIe syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch desek. <\/p>\n

Jak\u00fd je jejich z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edl? Softwarov\u00e9 RAID kontrolery zaost\u00e1vaj\u00ed za integrovan\u00fdmi a hardwarov\u00fdmi z hlediska v\u00fdkonu a odolnosti proti chyb\u00e1m, ale nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed hardware pro pr\u00e1ci. Je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zajistit, \u017ee procesor hostitelsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je dostate\u010dn\u011b siln\u00fd na spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed RAID softwaru, ani\u017e by to negativn\u011b ovlivnilo v\u00fdkon aplikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 tak\u00e9 b\u011b\u017e\u00ed na hostiteli. Integrovan\u00e9 kontrolery jsou obvykle vybaveny vlastn\u00ed cache pam\u011bt\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed CPU zdroj\u016f. <\/p>\n

Hardwarov\u00e9 \u0159adi\u010de maj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed mezipam\u011b\u0165 a vestav\u011bn\u00fd procesor pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed programov\u00fdch algoritm\u016f. Obvykle umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed realizaci v\u0161ech typ\u016f RAID pol\u00ed a podporuj\u00ed n\u011bkolik typ\u016f \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad modern\u00ed hardwarov\u00e9 \u0159adi\u010de od spole\u010dnosti Broadcom umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed SATA, SAS a NVMe za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i upgradu server\u016f nen\u00ed t\u0159eba m\u011bnit \u0159adi\u010d: konkr\u00e9tn\u011b p\u0159i p\u0159echodu ze SATA SSD na NVMe SSD nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 m\u011bnit \u0159adi\u010de.<\/p>\n

\"Je
\n
\nNa t\u00e9to pozn\u00e1mce se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k typologii samotn\u00fdch \u0159adi\u010d\u016f. Pokud existuj\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed re\u017eimov\u00e9, mus\u00ed existovat i dal\u0161\u00ed? V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude odpov\u011b\u010f na tuto ot\u00e1zku kladn\u00e1. V z\u00e1vislosti na funkc\u00edch a mo\u017enostech lze RAID \u0159adi\u010de rozd\u011blit do n\u011bkolika typ\u016f:<\/p>\n

1. B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u0159adi\u010de s funkc\u00ed RAID<\/b>
\nV r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9 hierarchie je to nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u0159adi\u010d, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje spojen\u00ed HDD a SSD do RAID pol\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b \"0\", \"1\" nebo \"0+1\". Programov\u011b je to realizov\u00e1no na \u00farovni firmwaru. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, takov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed lze st\u011b\u017e\u00ed doporu\u010dit pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v podnikov\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e, nebo\u0165 postr\u00e1daj\u00ed mezipam\u011b\u0165 a nepodporuj\u00ed pole \u00farovn\u011b \"5\", \"3\" atd. Ale pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed server z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b jsou naprosto vyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

2. \u0158adi\u010de pracuj\u00edc\u00ed v p\u00e1ru s jin\u00fdmi RAID \u0159adi\u010di<\/b>
\nTento typ \u0159adi\u010d\u016f m\u016f\u017ee pracovat v p\u00e1ru se integrovan\u00fdmi \u0159adi\u010di z\u00e1kladn\u00edch desek. To je realizov\u00e1no n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem: diskr\u00e9tn\u00ed RAID \u0159adi\u010d se uj\u00edm\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \"logick\u00fdch\" \u00faloh, zat\u00edmco vestav\u011bn\u00fd se star\u00e1 o v\u00fdm\u011bnu dat mezi \u00falo\u017en\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi. Ale je tu nuance: paraleln\u00ed provoz t\u011bchto \u0159adi\u010d\u016f je mo\u017en\u00fd pouze na kompatibiln\u00edch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch desk\u00e1ch, co\u017e v\u00e1\u017en\u011b omezuje jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

3. Samostatn\u00e9 RAID \u0159adi\u010de<\/b>
\nTato diskr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed obsahuj\u00ed v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u010dipy pro pr\u00e1ci se servery podnikov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy, disponuj\u00ed vlastn\u00edm BIOSem, mezipam\u011bt\u00ed a procesorem pro rychlou opravu chyb a v\u00fdpo\u010dty kontroln\u00edch sou\u010dt\u016f. Krom\u011b toho spl\u0148uj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 standardy spolehlivosti v oblasti v\u00fdroby a maj\u00ed vysoce kvalitn\u00ed moduly pam\u011bti.<\/p>\n

4. Extern\u00ed RAID \u0159adi\u010de<\/b>
\nNen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 uhodnout, \u017ee v\u0161echny v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 \u0159adi\u010de jsou intern\u00ed a nap\u00e1j\u00ed se p\u0159es konektor PCIe z\u00e1kladn\u00ed desky. Co to znamen\u00e1? To, \u017ee selh\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed desky m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k chyb\u00e1m v provozu RAID pole a ztr\u00e1t\u011b dat. Extern\u00ed \u0159adi\u010de jsou tohoto probl\u00e9mu zbaveny, proto\u017ee jsou um\u00edst\u011bny ve vyhrazen\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00edni s nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm zdrojem nap\u00e1jen\u00ed. Z hlediska spolehlivosti tyto \u0159adi\u010de zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat.<\/p>\n

Broadcom<\/a><\/noindex>, Microsemi Adaptec, Intel, IBM, Dell a Cisco jsou jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 z firem, kter\u00e9 dnes nab\u00edzej\u00ed hardwarov\u00e9 RAID \u0159adi\u010de.<\/p>\n

Re\u017eimy provozu RAID \u0159adi\u010d\u016f SAS\/SATA\/NVMe<\/h2>\n

\nHlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem t\u0159\u00ed re\u017eimov\u00fdch HBA a RAID \u0159adi\u010d\u016f (nebo \u0159adi\u010d\u016f s funkc\u00ed Tri-Mode) je vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed hardwarov\u00e9ho RAID syst\u00e9mu na b\u00e1zi NVMe. Spole\u010dnost Broadcom to um\u00ed d\u011blat pomoc\u00ed \u0159adi\u010d\u016f s\u00e9rie 9400: nap\u0159\u00edklad, MegaRAID 9460-16i<\/a><\/noindex>. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi samostatn\u00e9 typy RAID \u0159adi\u010d\u016f, disponuje \u010dty\u0159mi konektory SFF-8643 a d\u00edky podpo\u0159e Tri-Mode umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159ipojen\u00ed SATA\/SAS a NVMe \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 sou\u010dasn\u011b. Krom\u011b toho je to jeden z nejenergi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u0159adi\u010d\u016f na trhu (spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze 17 Watt\u016f energie, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 1,1 Watt na ka\u017ed\u00fd z 16 port\u016f).<\/p>\n

\"Je
\n
\nP\u0159ipojovac\u00ed rozhran\u00ed je PCI Express x8 verze 3.1, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje realizaci propustnosti na \u00farovni 64 Gb\/s (v roce 2020 se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edchod \u0159adi\u010d\u016f pro PCI Express 4.0). Z\u00e1kladem 16portov\u00e9ho \u0159adi\u010de je dvouj\u00e1drov\u00fd \u010dip SAS3516<\/a><\/noindex> a 72bitov\u00e1 DDR4-2133 SDRAM (4 GB), a tak\u00e9 je implementov\u00e1na mo\u017enost p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a\u017e 240 SATA\/SAS \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 nebo a\u017e 24 NVMe za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Z hlediska organizace RAID pol\u00ed podporuje \u00farovn\u011b \"0\", \"1\", \"5\" a \"6\", stejn\u011b jako \"10\", \"50\" a \"60\". Mimochodem, vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 MegaRAID 9460-16i<\/a><\/noindex> a ostatn\u00edch \u0159adi\u010d\u016f v s\u00e9rii 9400 je chr\u00e1n\u011bna p\u0159ed nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdmi v\u00fdpadky dodate\u010dn\u00fdm modulem CacheVault CVPM05.<\/p>\n

V z\u00e1kladu t\u0159\u00edre\u017eimov\u00e9 technologie spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 funkce transformace dat SerDes: p\u0159em\u011bna sekven\u010dn\u00edho zobrazen\u00ed dat v rozhran\u00edch SAS\/SATA na paraleln\u00ed formu v PCIe NVMe a naopak. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u0159adi\u010d synchronizuje rychlosti a protokoly, aby bezprobl\u00e9mov\u011b pracoval s kter\u00fdmkoli ze t\u0159\u00ed typ\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat. To zaji\u0161\u0165uje plynul\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed infrastruktur datov\u00fdch center: u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat NVMe bez z\u00e1sadn\u00edch zm\u011bn v jin\u00fdch konfigurac\u00edch syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

\"Je
\n
\nP\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed konfigurac\u00ed s NVMe \u00falo\u017en\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi by se m\u011blo br\u00e1t v \u00favahu, \u017ee NVMe \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed 4 linky PCIe, a to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd disk vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u0161echny linky port\u016f SFF-8643. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edmo k \u0159adi\u010di MegaRAID 9460-16i lze p\u0159ipojit pouze \u010dty\u0159i NVMe disky. Nebo se omezit na dv\u011b NVMe \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9m p\u0159ipojen\u00ed osmi SAS disk\u016f (viz sch\u00e9ma p\u0159ipojen\u00ed n\u00ed\u017ee).<\/p>\n

\"Je
\n
\nNa obr\u00e1zku je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno pou\u017eit\u00ed konektoru \u201e0\u201c (C0 \/ Konektor 0) a konektoru \u201e1\u201c pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed NVMe, stejn\u011b jako konektor\u016f \u201e2\u201c a \u201e3\u201c pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed SAS. Toto uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zm\u011bn\u011bno na opa\u010dn\u00e9, ale ka\u017ed\u00fd disk x4 NVMe mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ipojen pomoc\u00ed sousedn\u00edch linek. Re\u017eimy pr\u00e1ce \u0159adi\u010de se nastavuj\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm konfigura\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f StorCLI nebo Human Interface Infrastructure (HII), kter\u00e1 pracuje v prost\u0159ed\u00ed UEFI. <\/p>\n

\"Je
\n
\nV\u00fdchoz\u00ed re\u017eim je profil \u201ePD64\u201c (podpora pouze SAS \/ SATA). Jak jsme ji\u017e zm\u00ednili, existuj\u00ed celkem t\u0159i profily: re\u017eim \u201eSAS\/SATA only mode\u201c (PD240 \/ PD64 \/ PD 16), re\u017eim \u201eNVMe only mode\u201c (PCIe4) a sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fd re\u017eim, ve kter\u00e9m mohou pracovat v\u0161echny typy disk\u016f: \u201ePD64-PCIe4\u201c (podpora 64 fyzick\u00fdch a virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch disk\u016f se 4 NVMe disky). Ve sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9m re\u017eimu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nastaven\u00e1 hodnota profilu nastavena na \u201eProfileID=13\u201c. Vybran\u00fd profil je nav\u00edc uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n jako vedouc\u00ed a nen\u00ed resetov\u00e1n ani p\u0159i n\u00e1vratu na tov\u00e1rn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu Set Factory Defaults. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 jej zm\u011bnit pouze ru\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1 smysl vytv\u00e1\u0159et RAID pole na SSD?<\/h2>\n

\nTak, ji\u017e jsme pochopili, \u017ee RAID pole jsou z\u00e1rukou vysok\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu. Ale m\u00e1 smysl skl\u00e1dat RAID z SSD pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed a podnikov\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed? Mnoz\u00ed skeptici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1r\u016fst rychlosti nen\u00ed tak podstatn\u00fd, aby st\u00e1lo za to investovat do NVMe \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165. Je to ale skute\u010dn\u011b tak? T\u011b\u017eko. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm omezen\u00edm pou\u017eit\u00ed SSD v RAID (jak v dom\u00e1c\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, tak v podniku) m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pouze cena. Nezapom\u00ednejme, \u017ee cena za gigabajt prostoru na HDD je v\u00fdrazn\u011b levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n

P\u0159ipojen\u00ed n\u011bkolika SSD k RAID kontrol\u00e9ru za \u00fa\u010delem vytvo\u0159en\u00ed pole SSD v ur\u010dit\u00fdch konfigurac\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt obrovsk\u00fd dopad na v\u00fdkon. Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon je omezen propustnost\u00ed samotn\u00e9ho RAID kontrol\u00e9ru. RAID \u00farove\u0148, kter\u00e1 nab\u00edz\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed rychlost, je RAID 0.<\/p>\n

\"Je
\n
\nOrganizace b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho RAID 0 se dv\u011bma SSD diskem, kde se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 metoda rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed dat na pevn\u00e9 bloky a jejich st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed mezi SSD \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti, povede k zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00ed v\u00fdkonu (ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s rychlostmi, kter\u00e9 dosahuje jeden SSD). RAID 0 se \u010dty\u0159mi SSD disky bude \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nejpomalej\u0161\u00ed SSD v poli (v z\u00e1vislosti na omezen\u00ed propustnosti na \u00farovni RAID kontrol\u00e9ru SSD). <\/p>\n

Pokud vych\u00e1z\u00edme z jednoduch\u00e9 aritmetiky, SATA SSD jsou p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3kr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed SATA HDD. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed NVMe jsou je\u0161t\u011b efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed - 10kr\u00e1t a v\u00edce. Za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee dva pevn\u00e9 disky v RAIDu nult\u00e9ho stupn\u011b vyk\u00e1\u017eou zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00fd v\u00fdkon, zvy\u0161uj\u00edc ho o 50 %, dva SATA SSD budou 6kr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed a dva NVMe SSD dokonce 20kr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jeden disk Kingston KC2000 NVMe PCIe m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat sekven\u010dn\u00edch rychlost\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1pisu a\u017e 3200 MB\/s, co\u017e v RAID 0 dos\u00e1hne p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch 6 GB\/s. A rychlost \u010dten\u00ed\/z\u00e1pisu n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch blok\u016f velikosti 4 kB vzroste z 350 000 IOPS na 700 000 IOPS. Ale... z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1m<\/p>\n

Lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee v dom\u00e1c\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed obvykle nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba redundantn\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, a proto je nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konfigurac\u00ed RAID pro SSD skute\u010dn\u011b RAID 0. To je spolehliv\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak z\u00edskat zna\u010dn\u00e9 zlep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu jako alternativu k pou\u017eit\u00ed technologi\u00ed jako jsou SSD na b\u00e1zi Intel Optane. A jak si povedou SSD \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch typech RAID (\u201e1\u201c, \u201e5\u201c, \u201e10\u201c, \u201e50\u201c) \u2014 o tom budeme hovo\u0159it v na\u0161em dal\u0161\u00edm materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek byl p\u0159ipraven ve spolupr\u00e1ci s na\u0161imi kolegy z Broadcom, kte\u0159\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u0159adi\u010de in\u017een\u00fdr\u016fm Kingston pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed s podnikatelsk\u00fdmi SSD SATA\/SAS\/NVMe. D\u00edky t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 symbi\u00f3ze si z\u00e1kazn\u00edci nemus\u00ed d\u011blat starosti s d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost\u00ed a stabilitou provozu SSD Kingston s \u0159adi\u010di HBA a RAID. Broadcom<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed informace o produktech Kingston naleznete na ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch<\/a><\/noindex> spole\u010dnost.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c RAID-\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 SATA SSD \u0438 NVMe SSD, \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0442? \u041c\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Je nutn\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159et RAID pole ze SSD a jak\u00e9 \u0159adi\u010de jsou k tomu pot\u0159eba | ProHoster","description":"Ahoj Habr! V tomto materi\u00e1lu v\u00e1m pov\u00edme, zda m\u00e1 smysl organizovat RAID pole zalo\u017een\u00e9 na SSD \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch SATA a NVMe a zda to p\u0159inese v\u00fdznamn\u00fd profit?","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nuzhno-li-sozdavat-raid-massiv-iz-ssd-i-kakie-kontrollery-dlya-etogo-nuzhny","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c RAID-\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u0438\u0437 SSD \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! 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