{"id":54651,"date":"2019-12-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/shd-aerodisk-na-otechestvennyh-protsessorah-elbrus-8s"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:41","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:41","slug":"shd-aerodisk-na-otechestvennyh-protsessorah-elbrus-8s","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/shd-aerodisk-na-otechestvennyh-protsessorah-elbrus-8s","title":{"rendered":"SYST\u00c9M AERODISK na dom\u00e1c\u00edch procesorech Elbrus 8C","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SYST\u00c9M AERODISK na dom\u00e1c\u00edch procesorech Elbrus 8C\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/046b66c559fc2de858898de0f4f17cde.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ahoj, \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i Habr. Chceme se pod\u011blit o velmi p\u0159\u00edjemnou zpr\u00e1vu. Kone\u010dn\u011b jsme se do\u010dkali s\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby nov\u00e9 generace rusk\u00fdch procesor\u016f Elbrus 8C. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba m\u011bla za\u010d\u00edt ji\u017e v roce 2016, ale ve skute\u010dnosti bylo hromadn\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b zah\u00e1jeno a\u017e v roce 2019 a do sou\u010dasnosti bylo ji\u017e vyrobeno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4000 procesor\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 okam\u017eit\u011b po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby se tyto procesory objevily tak\u00e9 u n\u00e1s v Aerodisku, za co\u017e bychom cht\u011bli zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pod\u011bkovat firm\u011b NORSI-TRANS, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m laskav\u011b poskytla svou hardwarovou platformu Jakhont UVM, podporuj\u00edc\u00ed procesory Elbrus 8C, pro proveden\u00ed portace softwarov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti SDD. Tato modern\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed platforma spl\u0148uje v\u0161echny po\u017eadavky MCST. V sou\u010dasnosti je platforma vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi z\u00e1kazn\u00edky a oper\u00e1tory pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed stanoven\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed p\u0159i operativn\u011b-p\u00e1trac\u00edch akc\u00edch. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V sou\u010dasnosti byla portace \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b dokon\u010dena, a ji\u017e nyn\u00ed je SDD AERODISK dostupn\u00e1 v variant\u011b s dom\u00e1c\u00edmi procesory Elbrus. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na samotn\u00e9 procesory, jejich historii, architekturu a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b na na\u0161i realizaci SDD na Elbrusu.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"istoriya\">Historie<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Historie procesor\u016f Elbrus sah\u00e1 a\u017e do dob Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. V roce 1973 na Institutu p\u0159esn\u00e9 mechaniky a v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky. S.A. Lebed\u011bva (toho sam\u00e9ho Sergeje Lebed\u011bva, kter\u00fd p\u0159edt\u00edm vedl v\u00fdvoj prvn\u00edho sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de \u041c\u042d\u0421\u041c, a pozd\u011bji \u0411\u042d\u0421\u041c) za\u010dala v\u00fdvoj v\u00edcepokojov\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch komplex\u016f pod n\u00e1zvem \u201eElbrus\u201c. V\u00fdvoji p\u0159edsedal Vsevolod Sergejevi\u010d Burcev, na v\u00fdvoji se tak\u00e9 aktivn\u011b pod\u00edlel Boris Artashevi\u010d Babayan, kter\u00fd byl jedn\u00edm z n\u00e1m\u011bstk\u016f hlavn\u00edho konstrukt\u00e9ra. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SYST\u00c9M AERODISK na dom\u00e1c\u00edch procesorech Elbrus 8C\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/bfbac71a8d1c09fca4d546cb24b2bd0a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Vsevolod Sergejevi\u010d Burcev<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SYST\u00c9M AERODISK na dom\u00e1c\u00edch procesorech Elbrus 8C\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/58c023c9e56ead0a04ae11e20b540e52.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Boris Artashevi\u010d Babayan<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00edm objednatelem projektu byly samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly SSSR, a tato s\u00e9rie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f byla nakonec \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edch v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch center a st\u0159eleck\u00fdch komplex\u016f syst\u00e9m\u016f protiraketov\u00e9 obrany, stejn\u011b jako dal\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f speci\u00e1ln\u00edho ur\u010den\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SYST\u00c9M AERODISK na dom\u00e1c\u00edch procesorech Elbrus 8C\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/05b0b2683caa323ab38b625efc3d3028.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d \u201eElbrus\u201c byl dokon\u010den v roce 1978. M\u011bl modul\u00e1rn\u00ed architekturu a mohl obsahovat od 1 do 10 procesor\u016f na b\u00e1zi st\u0159edn\u00ed integrace. Rychlost tohoto stroje dosahovala 15 milion\u016f operac\u00ed za sekundu. Objem opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti, kter\u00e1 byla spole\u010dn\u00e1 pro v\u0161ech 10 procesor\u016f, \u010dinil a\u017e 2 na 20. mocnin strojov\u00fdch slov, co\u017e odpov\u00eddalo 64 MB. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pozd\u011bji se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 technologie pou\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji \u201eElbrusa\u201c byly v t\u00e9 dob\u011b zkoum\u00e1ny i ve sv\u011bt\u011b a zab\u00fdvala se jimi spole\u010dnost International Business Machine (IBM), ale pr\u00e1ce na t\u011bchto projektech, na rozd\u00edl od prac\u00ed na \u201eElbrusu\u201c, nebyly dokon\u010deny a nevedly k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed hotov\u00e9ho produktu. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Podle Vsevoloda Burtseva se sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i sna\u017eili aplikovat nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zku\u0161enosti jak dom\u00e1c\u00edch, tak zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Na architekturu po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f \u201eElbrus\u201c m\u011bly vliv tak\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de spole\u010dnosti Burroughs, v\u00fdvoj Hewlett-Packard a zku\u0161enosti v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f BESM-6.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mnoh\u00e9 z t\u011bchto v\u00fdvoj\u016f v\u0161ak byly origin\u00e1ln\u00ed. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na \u201eElbrus-1\u201c byla pr\u00e1v\u011b jeho architektura. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vytvo\u0159en\u00fd superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d se stal prvn\u00edm v SSSR po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edval superskal\u00e1rn\u00ed architekturu. Hromadn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed superskal\u00e1rn\u00edch procesor\u016f v zahrani\u010d\u00ed za\u010dalo teprve v 90. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edchodem dostupn\u00fdch procesor\u016f Intel Pentium na trh.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho pro organizaci p\u0159enosu datov\u00fdch tok\u016f mezi perifern\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi a opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bt\u00ed mohly b\u00fdt v po\u010d\u00edta\u010di pou\u017eity speci\u00e1ln\u00ed procesory vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu. Takov\u00fdch procesor\u016f mohl b\u00fdt v syst\u00e9mu a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i kusy, pracovaly paraleln\u011b s centr\u00e1ln\u00edm procesorem a m\u011bly vlastn\u00ed vyhrazenou pam\u011b\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"elbrus-2\">Elbrus-2<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V roce 1985 z\u00edskal \u201eElbrus\u201c sv\u00e9 logick\u00e9 pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, byl vytvo\u0159en a posl\u00e1n do s\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby po\u010d\u00edta\u010d \u201eElbrus-2\u201c. Co se architektury t\u00fd\u010de, li\u0161il se jen m\u00e1lo od sv\u00e9ho p\u0159edch\u016fdce, ale pou\u017e\u00edval novou element\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu, co\u017e umo\u017enilo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 desetin\u00e1sobn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it celkov\u00fd v\u00fdkon \u2013 z 15 milion\u016f operac\u00ed za sekundu na 125 milion\u016f. Objem opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti po\u010d\u00edta\u010de vzrostl na 16 milion\u016f 72bitov\u00fdch slov, \u010di 144 MB. Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed propustnost kan\u00e1l\u016f vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu \u201eElbrus-2\u201c \u010dinila 120 MB\/s.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u201eElbrus-2\u201c se aktivn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edval v jadern\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch centrech v \u010celjabinsku-70 a v Arzamas-16 v \u0159\u00eddic\u00edm centru, v syst\u00e9mu PRO A-135, a tak\u00e9 na dal\u0161\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch objektech.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u201eElbrusa\u201c bylo \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b ocen\u011bno vedouc\u00edmi p\u0159edstaviteli Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. Mnoho in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f bylo ocen\u011bno \u0159\u00e1dy a medailemi. Hlavn\u00ed konstrukt\u00e9r Vsevolod Burcev a \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch specialist\u016f dostali st\u00e1tn\u00ed ceny. A Boris Babayan byl vyznamen\u00e1n \u0158\u00e1dem \u0158\u00edjnov\u00e9 revoluce.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tyto odm\u011bny byly v\u00edce ne\u017e zaslou\u017een\u00e9, Boris Babayan pozd\u011bji \u0159\u00edkal: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201eV roce 1978 jsme vyrobili prvn\u00ed superskal\u00e1rn\u00ed stroj, Elbrus-1. Dnes na Z\u00e1pad\u011b d\u011blaj\u00ed superskal\u00e1rn\u00ed architektury pouze tohoto typu. Prvn\u00ed superskal\u00e1rn\u00ed stroj na Z\u00e1pad\u011b se objevil v roce 1992, n\u00e1\u0161 v roce 1978. A ten superskal\u00e1rn\u00ed model, kter\u00fd jsme vyrobili, je podobn\u00fd Pentium Pro, kter\u00fd Intel vyrobil v roce 1995.\u201c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Tato slova o historick\u00e9m prvenstv\u00ed potvrzuje tak\u00e9 v USA, Kit Diefendorff, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 Motorola 88110, jednoho z prvn\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch superskal\u00e1rn\u00edch procesor\u016f, psal: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201eV roce 1978, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 15 let p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e se objevily prvn\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed superskal\u00e1rn\u00ed procesory, byl v Elbrus-1 pou\u017eit procesor, kter\u00fd vyd\u00e1val dv\u011b instrukce za takt, m\u011bnil po\u0159ad\u00ed vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed instrukc\u00ed, p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1val registry a vykon\u00e1val podle p\u0159edpokladu.\u201c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"elbrus-3\">Elbrus-3<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Rok 1986, a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ihned po dokon\u010den\u00ed prac\u00ed na druh\u00e9m \u201eElbrusu\u201c za\u010dali v ITMiVT vyv\u00edjet novou soustavu \u201eElbrus-3\u201c, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u011b novou procesorovou architekturu. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup Boris Babayan nazval \u201ep\u0159edsuperskal\u00e1rn\u00edm\u201c. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato architektura, pozd\u011bji nazvan\u00e1 VLIW\/EPIC, byla v budoucnu (v polovin\u011b 90. let) pou\u017eita v procesorech Intel Itanium (a v SSSR byly tyto v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce zah\u00e1jeny v roce 1986 a dokon\u010deny v roce 1991).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V tomto v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edm komplexu byly poprv\u00e9 realizov\u00e1ny my\u0161lenky explicitn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed paralelismu operac\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kompil\u00e1toru.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V roce 1991 byl vyd\u00e1n prvn\u00ed a bohu\u017eel jedin\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d \u201eElbrus-3\u201c, kter\u00fd se poda\u0159ilo do konce nevyrobit, a po rozpadnut\u00ed Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu se stal nikomu nepot\u0159ebn\u00fdm, a v\u00fdvoje a pl\u00e1ny z\u016fstaly na pap\u00ed\u0159e. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"predposylki-k-novoy-arhitekture\">P\u0159edpoklady pro novou architekturu<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdm, kter\u00fd pracoval v ITMIVT na vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fdch superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, se nerozpadl, ale pokra\u010doval jako samostatn\u00e1 spole\u010dnost pod n\u00e1zvem MCST (Moskevsk\u00e9 centrum SPARC-technologi\u00ed). A na po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let za\u010dalo aktivn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce MCST se Sun Microsystems, kde se t\u00fdm MCST pod\u00edlel na v\u00fdvoji mikroprocesoru UltraSPARC.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to dob\u011b vznikl projekt architektury E2K, kter\u00fd byl p\u016fvodn\u011b financov\u00e1n spole\u010dnost\u00ed Sun. Pozd\u011bji se projekt stal zcela nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm a ve\u0161ker\u00e1 du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed z\u016fstala t\u00fdmu MCST.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201ePokud bychom pokra\u010dovali v pr\u00e1ci se Sun v t\u00e9to oblasti, v\u0161echno by pat\u0159ilo Sun. P\u0159itom 90 % pr\u00e1ce bylo dokon\u010deno je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem Sun.\u201c (Boris Babayan)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"arhitektura-e2k\">Architektura E2K<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e diskutujeme o architektu\u0159e procesor\u016f \"Elbrus\", velmi \u010dasto od na\u0161ich koleg\u016f z IT pr\u016fmyslu sly\u0161\u00edme n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\"Elbrus je p\u0159ece RISC-architektura\"<br \/>\n\"Elbrus je p\u0159ece EPIC-architektura\"<br \/>\n\"Elbrus je p\u0159ece SPARC-architektura\"<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z t\u011bchto prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nen\u00ed zcela spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, a pokud ano, je to pouze \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Architektura E2K je samostatn\u00e1 origin\u00e1ln\u00ed procesorov\u00e1 architektura, hlavn\u00edmi vlastnostmi E2K jsou energetick\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost a vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost, dosa\u017een\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed explicitn\u00edho paralelismu operac\u00ed. Architektura E2K byla vyvinuta t\u00fdmem MCST a jej\u00edm z\u00e1kladem je post-superskal\u00e1rn\u00ed architektura (podobn\u00e1 EPIC) s ur\u010dit\u00fdm vlivem architektury SPARC (s minulost\u00ed RISC). P\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed ze \u010dty\u0159 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch architektur (superskal\u00e1rn\u00ed, post-superskal\u00e1rn\u00ed a SPARC) se MCST p\u0159\u00edmo pod\u00edlelo. Sv\u011bt je opravdu mal\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Abychom v budoucnu p\u0159ede\u0161li zmaten\u00ed, nakreslili jsme jednoduch\u00fd diagram, kter\u00fd, a\u010d zjednodu\u0161en\u011b, ale velmi jasn\u011b ukazuje ko\u0159eny architektury E2K.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SYST\u00c9M AERODISK na dom\u00e1c\u00edch procesorech Elbrus 8C\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/87b3e239295612978e0c2f1cb5402c7c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Te\u010f je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco o n\u00e1zvu architektury, ohledn\u011b kter\u00e9ho rovn\u011b\u017e panuje nepochopen\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch se lze setkat s n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi n\u00e1zvy t\u00e9to architektury: \u201eE2K\u201c, \u201eElbrus\u201c, \u201eElbrus 2000\u201c, ELBRUS (\u201eExpLicit Basic Resources Utilization Scheduling\u201c, tedy explicitn\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch zdroj\u016f). V\u0161echny tyto n\u00e1zvy odkazuj\u00ed na to sam\u00e9 \u2013 na architekturu, ale v ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed technick\u00e9 dokumentaci a na technick\u00fdch f\u00f3rech se pro ozna\u010den\u00ed architektury pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1zev E2K, proto v dal\u0161\u00edm, pokud budeme hovo\u0159it o procesorov\u00e9 architektu\u0159e, pou\u017eijeme term\u00edn \u201eE2K\u201c, a pokud mluv\u00edme o konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm procesoru, pou\u017eijeme n\u00e1zev \u201eElbrus\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"tehnicheskie-osobennosti-arhitektury-e2k\">Technick\u00e9 specifikace architektury E2K<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V tradi\u010dn\u00edch architektur\u00e1ch typu RISC nebo CISC (x86, PowerPC, SPARC, MIPS, ARM) do procesoru vstupuje proud instrukc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou navr\u017eeny pro sekven\u010dn\u00ed vykon\u00e1n\u00ed. Procesor m\u016f\u017ee odhalit nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 operace a spou\u0161t\u011bt je paraleln\u011b (superskal\u00e1rn\u00ed architektura) a dokonce m\u011bnit jejich po\u0159ad\u00ed (out-of-order execution). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b dynamick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza z\u00e1vislost\u00ed a podpora vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mimo po\u0159ad\u00ed maj\u00ed sv\u00e1 omezen\u00ed v po\u010dtu spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a anal\u00fdzy p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f na jeden takt. Krom\u011b toho p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 bloky uvnit\u0159 procesoru spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie a slo\u017eit\u00e1 implementace \u010dasto vede k probl\u00e9m\u016fm s stabilitou nebo bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V architektu\u0159e E2K nese hlavn\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnost za anal\u00fdzu z\u00e1vislost\u00ed a optimalizaci po\u0159ad\u00ed operac\u00ed kompil\u00e1tor. Procesoru na vstupu p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed tzv. \u0161irok\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkazy, v nich\u017e jsou zak\u00f3dov\u00e1ny instrukce pro v\u0161echna v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed procesoru, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla b\u00fdt na tomto taktu spu\u0161t\u011bna. Od procesoru se nevy\u017eaduje, aby analyzoval z\u00e1vislosti mezi operandy nebo p\u0159eskupoval operace mezi \u0161irok\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edkazy: to v\u0161e prov\u00e1d\u00ed kompil\u00e1tor na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f procesoru. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee hardwarov\u00e1 slo\u017eka procesoru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a \u00fasporn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kompil\u00e1tor je schopen analyzovat zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d mnohem podrobn\u011bji ne\u017e hardware procesoru RISC\/CISC a naj\u00edt v\u00edce nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch operac\u00ed. Proto je v architektu\u0159e E2K v\u00edce paraleln\u011b pracuj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ne\u017e v tradi\u010dn\u00edch architektur\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017enosti architektury E2K:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>6 paraleln\u00edch aritmeticko-logick\u00fdch jednotek (ALU).<\/li>\n<li>Registr s 256 84-bitov\u00fdmi registry.<\/li>\n<li>Hardwarov\u00e1 podpora cykl\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b pipeliningu. Zvy\u0161uje efektivitu vyu\u017eit\u00ed procesorov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Programovateln\u00e9 asynchronn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro prefetching dat s odd\u011blen\u00fdmi \u010dtec\u00edmi kan\u00e1ly. Umo\u017e\u0148uje skr\u00fdt zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edstupu k pam\u011bti a pln\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edt ALU.<\/li>\n<li>Podpora spekulativn\u00edho v\u00fdpo\u010dtu a jednoprvkov\u00fdch predik\u00e1t\u016f. Umo\u017e\u0148uje sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det p\u0159echod\u016f a paraleln\u011b vykon\u00e1vat n\u011bkolik v\u011btv\u00ed programu.<\/li>\n<li>\u0160irok\u00e1 instruk\u010dn\u00ed sada schopn\u00e1 prov\u00e9st a\u017e 23 operac\u00ed v jednom cyklu (v\u00edce ne\u017e 33 operac\u00ed p\u0159i balen\u00ed operand\u016f do vektorov\u00fdch instrukc\u00ed).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SYST\u00c9M AERODISK na dom\u00e1c\u00edch procesorech Elbrus 8C\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/01c17075b2269967d99b539127f61b2b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"emulyaciya-h86\">Emulace x86.<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>U\u017e ve f\u00e1zi n\u00e1vrhu architektury m\u011bli v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i pot\u0159ebu podporovat software napsan\u00fd pro architekturu Intel x86. Pro tento \u00fa\u010del byla implementov\u00e1na syst\u00e9m dynamick\u00e9 (tj. za b\u011bhu programu, neboli 'on-the-fly') translace bin\u00e1rn\u00edch k\u00f3d\u016f x86 na k\u00f3dy procesoru architektury E2K. Tento syst\u00e9m m\u016f\u017ee fungovat bu\u010f v aplika\u010dn\u00edm re\u017eimu (podobn\u011b jako WINE), nebo v re\u017eimu obdobn\u00e9m hypervizoru (v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 spustit celou hostitelskou opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pro architekturu x86). <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>D\u00edky n\u011bkolika \u00farovn\u00edm optimalizace se poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout vysok\u00e9 rychlosti prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159elo\u017een\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. Kvalita emulace architektury x86 je potvrzena \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f (v\u010detn\u011b n\u011bkolika verz\u00ed Windows) a stovek aplikac\u00ed b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch na v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch komplex\u00edch 'Elbrus'.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"zaschischennyy-rezhim-ispolneniya-programm\">Ochrann\u00fd re\u017eim prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed program\u016f.<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch koncept\u016f zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch z architektur Elbrus-1 a Elbrus-2 je tzv. zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed program\u016f. Jeho podstata spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee program pracuje pouze s inicializovan\u00fdmi daty, kontrole v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f do pam\u011bti na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost k povolen\u00e9mu rozsahu adres a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mezimodul\u00e1rn\u00ed ochrany (nap\u0159\u00edklad chr\u00e1nit volaj\u00edc\u00ed program p\u0159ed chybou v knihovn\u011b). V\u0161echny tyto kontroly se prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed hardwarov\u011b. Pro zabezpe\u010den\u00fd re\u017eim je k dispozici plnohodnotn\u00fd kompil\u00e1tor a knihovna runtime podpory. Je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee uplatn\u011bn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed vedou k nemo\u017enosti realizace nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u00f3du napsan\u00e9ho v C++.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m, \u201enezabezpe\u010den\u00e9m\u201c re\u017eimu provozu procesor\u016f \u201eElbrus\u201c existuj\u00ed rysy, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed spolehlivost syst\u00e9mu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1sobn\u00edk spojen\u00fdch informac\u00ed (\u0159et\u011bzec adres n\u00e1vratu p\u0159i procedur\u00e1ln\u00edch vol\u00e1n\u00edch) je odd\u011blen od z\u00e1sobn\u00edku u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch dat a je nedostupn\u00fd pro \u00fatoky, kter\u00e9 viry vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, jako je podvr\u017een\u00ed adresy n\u00e1vratu. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vyvinut\u00e9 technologie b\u011bhem let umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed nejen dohnat, ale v budoucnu i p\u0159ekonat konkuren\u010dn\u00ed architektury, pokud jde o v\u00fdkon a \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost, ale i zajistit ochranu p\u0159ed chybami, kter\u00fdmi trp\u00ed x86\/amd64. Nap\u0159\u00edklad slabiny typu Meltdown (CVE-2017-5754), Spectre (CVE-2017-5753, CVE-2017-5715), RIDL (CVE-2018-12126, CVE-2018-12130), Fallout (CVE-2018-12127), ZombieLoad (CVE-2019-11091) a podobn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Modern\u00ed ochrana proti nalezen\u00fdm zranitelnostem v architektu\u0159e x86\/amd64 spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na \u00farovni opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je pokles v\u00fdkonu u sou\u010dasn\u00fdch a p\u0159edchoz\u00edch generac\u00ed procesor\u016f t\u011bchto architektur tak v\u00fdrazn\u00fd a \u010din\u00ed od 30 % do 80 %. Jako aktivn\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 procesor\u016f x86 to v\u00edme, trp\u00edme t\u00edm a nad\u00e1le \"j\u00edme kaktus\", p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e p\u0159\u00edtomnost \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto probl\u00e9m\u016f u n\u00e1s (a nakonec pro na\u0161e z\u00e1kazn\u00edky) je nepochybn\u011b v\u00fdhodou, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pokud je \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed rusk\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"tehnicheskie-harakteristiki\">Technick\u00e9 specifikace<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed technick\u00e9 specifikace procesor\u016f \u201eElbrus\u201c minul\u00fdch (4C), aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch (8C), nov\u00fdch (8CV) a budouc\u00edch (16C) generac\u00ed v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s obdobn\u00fdmi procesory Intel x86.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SYST\u00c9M AERODISK na dom\u00e1c\u00edch procesorech Elbrus 8C\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/f4ff427c1ed1e9bc4ead2e4150c5d33d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ihned viditeln\u00fd pohled na tuto tabulku ukazuje (a to n\u00e1s velmi t\u011b\u0161\u00ed), \u017ee technologick\u00e9 zaost\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch procesor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ed 10 lety zd\u00e1lo nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9, nyn\u00ed vypad\u00e1 jako nepatrn\u00e9, a v roce 2021, s uveden\u00edm \"Elbrus-16S\" (kter\u00fd mimochodem bude podporovat virtualizaci), se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na minim\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"shd-aerodisk-na-processorah-elbrus-8s\">Syst\u00e9m AERODISK na procesorech Elbrus 8S<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Od teorie p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00edme k praxi. V r\u00e1mci strategick\u00e9ho aliance firem MCST, AERODISK, Bazalt SPU (d\u0159\u00edve Alt Linux) a NORSI-TRANS byla vyvinuta a p\u0159ipravena k pou\u017eit\u00ed datov\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e1 v sou\u010dasnosti co do parametr\u016f bezpe\u010dnosti, funk\u010dnosti, ceny a v\u00fdkonu je, pokud ne nejlep\u0161\u00edm, tak bezpochyby velmi d\u016fstojn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee zajistit odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 technologick\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti na\u0161\u00ed vlasti.<br \/>\nNyn\u00ed detaily\u2026<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"apparatnaya-chast\">Hardwarov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hardwarov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st syst\u00e9mu \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b je realizov\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed platformy Jahont UVM spole\u010dnosti NORSI-TRANS. Platforma Jahont UVM z\u00edskala status telekomunika\u010dn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu a byla za\u0159azena do jednotn\u00e9ho rejst\u0159\u00edku rusk\u00fdch r\u00e1diov\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch produkt\u016f. Syst\u00e9m se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou samostatn\u00fdch \u0159adi\u010d\u016f syst\u00e9mu \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b (ka\u017ed\u00fd 2U), kter\u00e9 jsou propojeny interconnectem 1G nebo 10G Ethernet a tak\u00e9 se spole\u010dn\u00fdmi diskov\u00fdmi sk\u0159\u00edn\u011bmi pomoc\u00ed SAS p\u0159ipojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee to nevypad\u00e1 tak hezky, jako form\u00e1t \"Cluster in a box\" (kdy jsou \u0159adi\u010de a disky se spole\u010dn\u00fdm backplane um\u00edst\u011bny v jednom \u0161asi 2U), kter\u00e9 obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me, ale v nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed budoucnosti bude tak\u00e9 dostupn\u00fd. Hlavn\u00ed je, aby to dob\u0159e fungovalo, a na \"ma\u0161li\u010dky\" pomysl\u00edme pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SYST\u00c9M AERODISK na dom\u00e1c\u00edch procesorech Elbrus 8C\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/2e025cc0fb0d97646af1c3a7e34082ea.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SYST\u00c9M AERODISK na dom\u00e1c\u00edch procesorech Elbrus 8C\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/029f1601cc4a68c8d52f704531f40a09.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pod kapotou m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0159adi\u010d jednoprocesorovou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed desku se \u010dty\u0159mi sloty pro opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 (DDR3 pro procesor 8S). D\u00e1le m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0159adi\u010d 4 porty 1G Ethernet (z nich\u017e dva jsou pou\u017eity softwarem AERODISK ENGINE jako slu\u017eebn\u00ed) a t\u0159i PCIe sloty pro Back-end (SAS) a Front-end (Ethernet nebo FibreChannel) adapt\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jako spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed disky jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny rusk\u00e9 SATA SSD disky firmy GS Nanotech, kter\u00e9 jsme ji\u017e n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t testovali a pou\u017e\u00edvali v projektech.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SYST\u00c9M AERODISK na dom\u00e1c\u00edch procesorech Elbrus 8C\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/57512e0dcc3017d3c52fcee40c289aa1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i prvn\u00edm sezn\u00e1men\u00ed s platformou jsme ji d\u016fkladn\u011b prozkoumali. Kvalit\u011b zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u00e1jen\u00ed jsme nem\u011bli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhrady, v\u0161e bylo provedeno pe\u010dliv\u011b a spolehliv\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"operacionnaya-sistema\">Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jako opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 verze OS Alt 8SP pro certifikaci. V brzk\u00e9 dob\u011b pl\u00e1nujeme vytvo\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ipojiteln\u00e9ho a neust\u00e1le aktualizovan\u00e9ho repozit\u00e1\u0159e pro OS Alt s softwarem Sklad A\u00e9r\u00f3disk.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tato verze distribuce je postavena na aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed stabiln\u00ed verzi j\u00e1dra Linux 4.9 pro E2K (v\u011btev s dlouhodobou podporou byla portov\u00e1na specialisty MCST), dopln\u011bn\u00e1 o patche pro funk\u010dnost a bezpe\u010dnost. V\u0161echny bal\u00ed\u010dky v OS Alt byly sestaveny p\u0159\u00edmo na \u201eElbrus\u00edch\u201c s vyu\u017eit\u00edm origin\u00e1ln\u00ed transak\u010dn\u00ed sestavovac\u00ed syst\u00e9mu projektu ALT Linux Team, co\u017e umo\u017enilo sn\u00ed\u017eit pracnost p\u0159i samotn\u00e9m p\u0159enosu a soust\u0159edit se v\u00edce na kvalitu produktu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jak\u00e9koli vyd\u00e1n\u00ed OS Alt pro Elbrus lze v\u00fdrazn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it co do funk\u010dnosti vyu\u017eit\u00edm dostupn\u00e9ho repozit\u00e1\u0159e (od zhruba 6 tis\u00edc zdrojov\u00fdch bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f pro osmou verzi a\u017e k p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 12 \u2013 pro dev\u00e1tou).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdb\u011br byl u\u010din\u011bn tak\u00e9 proto, \u017ee spole\u010dnost Bazalt SPO, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 OS Alt \u2013 aktivn\u011b spolupracuje s jin\u00fdmi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i softwaru a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00fdch platform\u00e1ch, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje bezprobl\u00e9movou interakci v r\u00e1mci hardwarov\u011b-softwarov\u00fdch komplex\u016f. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"po-sistemy-hraneniya-dannyh\">Software Syst\u00e9my pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i portov\u00e1n\u00ed jsme ihned odm\u00edtli my\u0161lenku pou\u017e\u00edvat v E2K emulaci x86, a za\u010dali jsme pracovat s procesory p\u0159\u00edmo (na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed Alt ji\u017e m\u00e1 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky). <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mezi jin\u00fdmi nativn\u00ed re\u017eim vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed poskytuje lep\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost (ty t\u0159i hardwarov\u00e9 z\u00e1sobn\u00edky m\u00edsto jednoho) a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdkon (nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba uvolnit jedno nebo dv\u011b j\u00e1dra z osmi pro pr\u00e1ci bin\u00e1rn\u00edho p\u0159eklada\u010de, zat\u00edmco kompil\u00e1tor odv\u00e1d\u00ed svou pr\u00e1ci l\u00e9pe ne\u017e JIT).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti v implementaci AERODISK ENGINE na E2K podporuje v\u011bt\u0161inu existuj\u00edc\u00ed funk\u010dnosti Sklad\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou k dispozici v x86. Jako software syst\u00e9mu ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed verze AERODISK ENGINE (A-CORE verze 2.30)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Bez zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f byly na E2K zavedeny a otestov\u00e1ny pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v produkci n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed funkce:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Odolnost v\u016f\u010di chyb\u00e1m a\u017e do dvou \u0159adi\u010d\u016f a v\u00edcestop\u00fd vstup-v\u00fdstup (mpio)<\/li>\n<li>Blokov\u00fd a souborov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup s tenk\u00fdmi svazky (RDG pooly, DDP; protokoly FC, iSCSI, NFS, SMB v\u010detn\u011b integrace s Active Directory)<\/li>\n<li>R\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b RAID a\u017e s troj\u00ed paritou (v\u010detn\u011b mo\u017enosti pou\u017eit\u00ed RAID konstruktora)<\/li>\n<li>Hybridn\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b (kombinace SSD a HDD v r\u00e1mci jednoho poolu, t.j. cache a tiering)<\/li>\n<li>Mo\u017enosti \u00faspory m\u00edsta pomoc\u00ed deduplikace a komprese<\/li>\n<li>ROW sn\u00edmky, klony a r\u016fzn\u00e9 varianty replikace<\/li>\n<li>A dal\u0161\u00ed mal\u00e9, ale u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 funkce, jako QoS, global hotspare, VLAN, BOND a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti se n\u00e1m na E2K poda\u0159ilo zprovoznit v\u0161echny na\u0161e funkce krom\u011b v\u00edcero \u0159adi\u010d\u016f (v\u00edce ne\u017e dva) a pl\u00e1nova\u010d v\u00edcestop\u00e9ho vstupu-v\u00fdstupu, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkon all-flash pool\u016f o 20-30%.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ale tyto u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 funkce samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1me, jde jen o ot\u00e1zku \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"nemnogo-o-proizvoditelnosti\">Trochu o v\u00fdkonu<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed test\u016f z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funk\u010dnosti \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b jsme se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vrhli na z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 testy.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, na dvou\u0159adi\u010dov\u00e9m \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti (2xCPU E8C 1.3 Ghz, 32 GB RAM + 4 SAS SSD 800GB 3DWD), kde byl vypnut RAM cache, jsme vytvo\u0159ili dva DDP pooly s hlavn\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed RAID-10 a dv\u011b LUNy po 500G a p\u0159ipojili tyto LUNy p\u0159es iSCSI (10G Ethernet) k Linux hostu. A provedli jsme jeden z z\u00e1kladn\u00edch hodinov\u00fdch test\u016f na mal\u00e9 bloky sekven\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee pomoc\u00ed programu FIO.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky se uk\u00e1zaly jako docela pozitivn\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SYST\u00c9M AERODISK na dom\u00e1c\u00edch procesorech Elbrus 8C\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/8919b41889b7695ae621367116c4602c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed procesor\u016f bylo v pr\u016fm\u011bru na \u00farovni 60 %, t.j. je to z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148, na kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b bez probl\u00e9m\u016f pracovat.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ano, to rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed vysok\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a pro vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 DBMS n\u011bjak\u00e9ho billingov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu to zjevn\u011b nesta\u010d\u00ed, ale jak ukazuje na\u0161e praxe, tyto charakteristiky sta\u010d\u00ed pro 80 % b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u00faloh, pro kter\u00e9 se \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O n\u011bco pozd\u011bji pl\u00e1nujeme vr\u00e1tit se s podrobnou zpr\u00e1vou o z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch testech Elbrusu jako platformy pro \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"svetloe-buduschee\">Sv\u011btl\u00e1 budoucnost<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jak jsme psali v\u00fd\u0161e, hromadn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba Elbrusu 8C za\u010dala vlastn\u011b teprve ned\u00e1vno \u2013 na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2019 a do prosince bylo ji\u017e vyrobeno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4000 procesor\u016f. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, procesor\u016f p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace Elbrus 4C bylo za celou dobu jejich v\u00fdroby vyrobeno pouze 5000, tak\u017ee pokrok je evidentn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Je samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee je to kapka v mo\u0159i, dokonce i pro rusk\u00fd trh, ale kdo jde, ten cestu ud\u011bl\u00e1.<br \/>\nNa rok 2020 je napl\u00e1nov\u00e1no vyd\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek tis\u00edc procesor\u016f Elbrus 8S, co\u017e u\u017e je v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo. Krom\u011b toho m\u00e1 b\u00fdt b\u011bhem roku 2020 procesor Elbrus-8SV dovr\u0161en t\u00fdmem MCST do s\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Takov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny jsou v\u00fdzvou na velk\u00fd pod\u00edl cel\u00e9ho dom\u00e1c\u00edho trhu serverov\u00fdch procesor\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee ji\u017e nyn\u00ed m\u00e1me dobr\u00fd a modern\u00ed rusk\u00fd procesor s jasnou a podle na\u0161eho n\u00e1zoru spr\u00e1vnou strategi\u00ed rozvoje, na jeho\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b existuje maxim\u00e1ln\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd a certifikovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat rusk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby (a v budoucnu i syst\u00e9m virtualizace na Elbrus-16S). Syst\u00e9m je rusk\u00fd, jak to nyn\u00ed fyzicky umo\u017e\u0148uje sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u010casto vid\u00edme v novink\u00e1ch dal\u0161\u00ed epick\u00e9 p\u00e1dy spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se hrd\u011b naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed rusk\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobci, a ve skute\u010dnosti se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed p\u0159elepov\u00e1n\u00edm \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f, ani\u017e by p\u0159idali k produkt\u016fm zahrani\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdrobce jakoukoli vlastn\u00ed hodnotu, krom\u011b sv\u00e9 mar\u017ee. Takov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti bohu\u017eel vrhaj\u00ed st\u00edn na v\u0161echny skute\u010dn\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e a v\u00fdrobce.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Touto \u010dl\u00e1nkem chceme n\u00e1zorn\u011b uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee v na\u0161\u00ed zemi byly, jsou a budou spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u011b a kvalitn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed modern\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 IT syst\u00e9my a aktivn\u011b se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed, a \u017ee importn\u00ed substituce v IT nen\u00ed fra\u0161kou, ale realitou, v n\u00ed\u017e v\u0161ichni \u017eijeme. Tuto realitu lze nem\u00edt r\u00e1di, lze ji kritizovat, ale tak\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 pracovat a zlep\u0161ovat ji.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SYST\u00c9M AERODISK na dom\u00e1c\u00edch procesorech Elbrus 8C\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/553cf8a871f170cdf25cb46af76e77c3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Rozpad SSSR jednou znemo\u017enil t\u00fdmu tv\u016frc\u016f Elbrusu st\u00e1t se v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dem ve sv\u011bt\u011b procesor\u016f a donutil t\u00fdm hledat financov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch v\u00fdvoj\u016f v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Bylo nalezeno, pr\u00e1ce byla spln\u011bna a du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed bylo uchov\u00e1no, za co\u017e t\u011bmto lidem chceme opravdu pod\u011bkovat!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na tomto zat\u00edm v\u0161e, pros\u00edm, pi\u0161te va\u0161e koment\u00e1\u0159e, ot\u00e1zky a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b kritiku. V\u017edycky n\u00e1s to pot\u011b\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tak\u00e9 jm\u00e9nem cel\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Aerodis\u0441 bych cht\u011bl poblahop\u0159\u00e1t cel\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 IT komunit\u011b k nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmu Nov\u00e9mu roku a V\u00e1noc\u016fm, p\u0159\u00e1t 100% uptime - a aby z\u00e1lohy byly v nov\u00e9m roce nikomu pot\u0159eba))). <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"ispolzuemye-materialy\">Pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek se v\u0161eobecn\u00fdm popisem technologi\u00ed, architektur a osobnost\u00ed:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ixbt.com\/cpu\/e2k-spec.html\">https:\/\/www.ixbt.com\/cpu\/e2k-spec.html<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f pod n\u00e1zvem \u201eElbrus\u201c:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/topwar.ru\/34409-istoriya-kompyuterov-elbrus.html\">https:\/\/topwar.ru\/34409-istoriya-kompyuterov-elbrus.html<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Obecn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek o architektu\u0159e e2k:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_2000\">https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_2000<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek p\u0159\u00edmo o 4. generaci (Elbrus-8C) a 5. generaci (Elbrus-8CV, 2020):<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81-8%D0%A1\">https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81-8%D0%A1<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Specifikace n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed 6. generace procesor\u016f (Elbrus-16CV, 2021):<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81-16%D0%A1\">https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81-16%D0%A1<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed popis architektury Elbrus:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.elbrus.ru\/elbrus_arch\">http:\/\/www.elbrus.ru\/elbrus_arch<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pl\u00e1ny v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f hardwarov\u011b-softwarov\u00e9 platformy \u201eElbrus\u201c na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010de s exaflopsov\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mcst.ru\/files\/5a9eb2\/a10cd8\/501810\/000003\/kim_a._k._perekatov_v._i._feldman_v._m._na_puti_k_rossiyskoy_ekzasisteme_plany_razrabotchikov.pdf\">http:\/\/www.mcst.ru\/files\/5a9eb2\/a10cd8\/501810\/000003\/kim_a._k._perekatov_v._i._feldman_v._m._na_puti_k_rossiyskoy_ekzasisteme_plany_razrabotchikov.pdf<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Rusk\u00e9 technologie \u201eElbrus\u201c pro osobn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, servery a superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010de:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mcst.ru\/files\/5472ef\/770cd8\/50ea05\/000001\/rossiyskietehnologiielbrus-it-edu9-201410l.pdf\">http:\/\/www.mcst.ru\/files\/5472ef\/770cd8\/50ea05\/000001\/rossiyskietehnologiielbrus-it-edu9-201410l.pdf<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Star\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek Borise Babayana, ale st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mcst.ru\/e2k_arch.shtml\">http:\/\/www.mcst.ru\/e2k_arch.shtml<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Star\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek Michaila Kuzminsk\u00e9ho:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.osp.ru\/os\/1999\/05-06\/179819\">https:\/\/www.osp.ru\/os\/1999\/05-06\/179819<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prezentace MCST, obecn\u00e9 informace:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/yadi.sk\/i\/HDj7d31jTDlDgA\">https:\/\/yadi.sk\/i\/HDj7d31jTDlDgA<br \/>\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Informace o OS Alt pro platformu Elbrus:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/altlinux.org\/%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81\">https:\/\/altlinux.org\/\u044d\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0441<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sdelanounas.ru\/blog\/shigorin\/\">https:\/\/sdelanounas.ru\/blog\/shigorin\/<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/aerodisk\/blog\/482434\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u041c\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446-\u0442\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u042d\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0441 8\u0421. \u041e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0436 \u0432 2016 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 2019 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 4000 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" 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