{"id":54741,"date":"2020-01-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-02T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/shest-mifov-o-blokchejne-i-bitkojne-ili-pochemu-eto-ne-takaya-uzh-effektivnaya-tehnologiya"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:47","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:47","slug":"shest-mifov-o-blokchejne-i-bitkojne-ili-pochemu-eto-ne-takaya-uzh-effektivnaya-tehnologiya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/shest-mifov-o-blokchejne-i-bitkojne-ili-pochemu-eto-ne-takaya-uzh-effektivnaya-tehnologiya","title":{"rendered":"\u0160est m\u00fdt\u016f o blockchainu a Bitcoinu, nebo pro\u010d to nen\u00ed tak efektivn\u00ed technologie","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Autor \u010dl\u00e1nku \u2014 Alexej Malanov, expert na rozvoj antivirov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed v \u201eLaborato\u0159i Kaspersky\u201c<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u011bkolikr\u00e1t jsem sly\u0161el n\u00e1zor, \u017ee blockchain je skv\u011bl\u00fd, \u017ee je to pr\u016flom, \u017ee to je budoucnost. R\u00e1d v\u00e1s zklamu, pokud jste tomu opravdu uv\u011b\u0159ili.<\/p>\n

Up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed: v tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku budeme hovo\u0159it o variant\u011b realizace technologie blockchain, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v kryptom\u011bn\u011b Bitcoin. Existuj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 aplikace a realizace blockchainu, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nich byly odstran\u011bny ur\u010dit\u00e9 nedostatky \u201ekl klasick\u00e9ho blockchainu\u201c, ale obvykle jsou postaveny na stejn\u00fdch principech.<\/p>\n

\"\u0160est
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

O Bitcoinu obecn\u011b<\/h3>\n

\nSamu technologii Bitcoinu pova\u017euji za revolu\u010dn\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel, Bitcoin je velmi \u010dasto zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n pro krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely, co\u017e se mi, jako odborn\u00edkovi na informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, v\u016fbec nel\u00edb\u00ed. Ale pokud mluv\u00edme o technologi\u00edch, pr\u016flom je z\u0159ejm\u00fd.<\/p>\n

V\u0161echny slo\u017eky protokolu Bitcoin a my\u0161lenky, kter\u00e9 jsou v n\u011bm obsa\u017eeny, byly obecn\u011b zn\u00e1my i p\u0159ed rokem 2009, ale spojit to dohromady a donutit to fungovat se poda\u0159ilo skute\u010dn\u011b autor\u016fm Bitcoinu a pr\u00e1v\u011b v roce 2009. Za t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 9 let realizace byla nalezena pouze jedna kritick\u00e1 zranitelnost: \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk z\u00edskal 92 miliard bitcoin\u016f na jednom \u00fa\u010dtu, oprava vy\u017eadovala n\u00e1vrat cel\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed historie o jeden den. P\u0159esto pouze jedna zranitelnost za tak dlouhou dobu \u2014 to je slu\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdsledek, smek\u00e1m klobouk.<\/p>\n

Auto\u0159i Bitcoinu m\u011bli za \u00fakol: donutit to n\u011bjak fungovat za podm\u00ednky, \u017ee neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 centrum a \u017ee si nikdo navz\u00e1jem ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje. Auto\u0159i tento \u00fakol splnili, elektronick\u00e9 pen\u00edze funguj\u00ed. Ale ta \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zvolili, jsou ohromn\u011b neefektivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Hned na za\u010d\u00e1tku chci \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee c\u00edlem tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku nen\u00ed znev\u00e1\u017een\u00ed blockchainu. Je to u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 technologie, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e nach\u00e1z\u00ed a je\u0161t\u011b ur\u010dit\u011b najde mnoho skv\u011bl\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed. Navzdory sv\u00fdm nedostatk\u016fm m\u00e1 i jedine\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159i honb\u011b za senzac\u00ed a revolu\u010dnost\u00ed se mnoz\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na v\u00fdhody technologie a \u010dasto zapom\u00ednaj\u00ed trvale hodnotit skute\u010dn\u00fd stav v\u011bc\u00ed, ignoruj\u00edc nev\u00fdhody. Proto pova\u017euji za u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro roz diversit\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit pr\u00e1v\u011b nedostatky.<\/p>\n

\"\u0160est
\nP\u0159\u00edklad knihy, ve kter\u00e9 autor vkl\u00e1d\u00e1 do blockchainu velk\u00e9 nad\u011bje. D\u00e1le v textu budou citace z t\u00e9to knihy.<\/i><\/p>\n

M\u00fdtus 1: Blockchain je obrovsk\u00fd distribuovan\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d.<\/h3>\n

\nCitace \u010d. 1: \u201eBlockchain m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt 'Ockhamovou b\u0159itvou', nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm a p\u0159irozen\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem koordinace ve\u0161ker\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 a strojov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed o rovnov\u00e1hu.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pokud jste se nezab\u00fdvali principy fungov\u00e1n\u00ed blockchainu<\/a><\/noindex>, a jen jste sly\u0161eli n\u00e1zory na tuto technologii, mohli jste m\u00edt dojem, \u017ee blockchain je jak\u00fdsi distribuovan\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, kter\u00fd prov\u00e1d\u00ed, jak jinak, distribuovan\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty. A \u017ee uzly po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed st\u0159\u00edpky n\u011b\u010deho v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho.<\/p>\n

Takov\u00e9 p\u0159edstava je z\u00e1sadn\u011b chybn\u00e9. Ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161echny uzly, kter\u00e9 obsluhuj\u00ed blockchain, d\u011blaj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b to sam\u00e9. Miliony po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ov\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 transakce podle stejn\u00fdch pravidel. Prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed identickou pr\u00e1ci.<\/li>\n
  2. Zapisuji do blockchainu (pokud maj\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a dostanou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost zapsat) to sam\u00e9.<\/li>\n
  3. Ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed celou historii za celou dobu, identickou, jednu pro v\u0161echny.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 paraleln\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 synergie, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 pomoc. Jen duplikace, a to milionkr\u00e1t. O tom, pro\u010d je to t\u0159eba, si pov\u00edme n\u00ed\u017ee, ale efektivita, jak vid\u00edte, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1. Sp\u00ed\u0161e naopak.<\/p>\n

    M\u00fdtus 2: Blockchain je v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd. V\u0161echno, co do n\u011bj je zaps\u00e1no, z\u016fstane nav\u017edy.<\/h3>\n

    \nCitace \u010d. 2: \u201eV podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed decentralizovan\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, organizac\u00ed, korporac\u00ed a spole\u010dnost\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee objevit mnoho nov\u00fdch typ\u016f nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9ho a slo\u017eit\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 um\u011blou inteligenci (AI).\u201d<\/p>\n

    Ano, skute\u010dn\u011b, jak jsme zjistili, ka\u017ed\u00fd plnohodnotn\u00fd klient s\u00edt\u011b uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 celou historii v\u0161ech transakc\u00ed, co\u017e ji\u017e p\u0159es\u00e1hlo 100 gigabajt\u016f dat. To je celkov\u00fd objem disku levn\u00e9ho notebooku nebo nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edho smartphonu. A \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce transakc\u00ed se v s\u00edti Bitcoin uskute\u010dn\u00ed, t\u00edm rychleji roste objem. V\u011bt\u0161ina dat vznikla v posledn\u00edch p\u00e1r letech.<\/p>\n

    \"\u0160est
    \nR\u016fst objemu blockchainu.     Zdroj<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

    A Bitcoinu se je\u0161t\u011b poda\u0159ilo m\u00edt \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed \u2013 jeho konkurent, s\u00ed\u0165 Ethereum, pouze za dva roky po spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a p\u016fl roku aktivn\u00edho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v blockchainu u\u017e nashrom\u00e1\u017edil 200 gigabajt\u016f. Tak\u017ee v sou\u010dasn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch je v\u011b\u010dnost blockchainu omezena na n\u011bkolik let \u2013 r\u016fst kapacity pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f rozhodn\u011b nest\u00edh\u00e1 za r\u016fstem objemu blockchainu.<\/p>\n

    Ale krom\u011b toho, \u017ee to je nutn\u00e9 uchov\u00e1vat, je to tak\u00e9 nutn\u00e9 st\u00e1hnout. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo zkusil pou\u017e\u00edvat plnohodnotnou lok\u00e1ln\u00ed pen\u011b\u017eenku pro n\u011bjakou kryptom\u011bnu, s \u00fa\u017easem zjistil, \u017ee nem\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e1d\u011bt ani p\u0159ij\u00edmat platby, dokud se nest\u00e1hne a nep\u0159ekontroluje cel\u00fd uveden\u00fd objem. Budete m\u00edt \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, pokud tento proces zabere jen p\u00e1r dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Pt\u00e1te se, nelze to v\u0161echno neuchov\u00e1vat, kdy\u017e u\u017e je to stejn\u00e9 na ka\u017ed\u00e9m uzlu s\u00edt\u011b? Lze, ale pak, za prv\u00e9, to u\u017e nebude P2P blockchain, ale tradi\u010dn\u00ed klient-server architektura. A za druh\u00e9, klienti budou nuceni d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat server\u016fm. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee my\u0161lenka \"ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat nikomu\", kv\u016fli kter\u00e9 byl blockchain vynalezen, v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ztr\u00e1c\u00ed smysl.<\/p>\n

    U\u017e d\u00e1vno se u\u017eivatel\u00e9 Bitcoinu d\u011bl\u00ed na nad\u0161ence, kte\u0159\u00ed \u201etrp\u00ed\u201c a stahuj\u00ed v\u0161e, a na b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed online pen\u011b\u017eenky, d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed serveru a kter\u00fdm je v podstat\u011b jedno, jak to tam funguje.<\/p>\n

    M\u00fdtus 3: Blockchain je efektivn\u00ed a \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00fd, b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pen\u00edze vym\u0159ou.<\/h3>\n

    \nCitace \u010d. 3: \"Kombinace 'blockchain technologie + osobn\u00ed konnektom<\/a><\/noindex> organismu' umo\u017en\u00ed k\u00f3dovat a zp\u0159\u00edstupnit ve standardizovan\u00e9m zkomprimovan\u00e9m form\u00e1tu v\u0161echny lidsk\u00e9 my\u0161lenky. Data bude mo\u017en\u00e9 zachytit skenov\u00e1n\u00edm k\u016fry mozku, EEG, rozhran\u00ed mozek-po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, kognitivn\u00ed nanoroboti atd. My\u0161len\u00ed bude mo\u017en\u00e9 prezentovat ve form\u011b blokov\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f, zaps\u00e1n\u00edm do nich prakticky v\u0161ech subjektivn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka a mo\u017en\u00e1 i jeho v\u011bdom\u00ed. Po z\u00e1pisu do blockchainu bude mo\u017en\u00e9 spravovat a p\u0159ed\u00e1vat r\u016fzn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti vzpom\u00ednek \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad pro obnoven\u00ed pam\u011bti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nemoc\u00ed doprov\u00e1zen\u00fdch amn\u00e9zi\u00ed.\"<\/p>\n

    Pokud ka\u017ed\u00fd uzel s\u00edt\u011b d\u011bl\u00e1 to sam\u00e9, je o\u010dividn\u00e9, \u017ee propustnost cel\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b je rovna propustnosti jednoho uzlu s\u00edt\u011b. A v\u00edte, \u010demu p\u0159esn\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1? Bitcoin m\u016f\u017ee zpracovat maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 7 transakc\u00ed za sekundu - celkov\u011b.<\/p>\n

    Krom\u011b toho jsou transakce zapisov\u00e1ny do Bitcoin blockchainu jen jednou za 10 minut. A po zaps\u00e1n\u00ed je obvykl\u00e9 po\u010dkat je\u0161t\u011b 50 minut pro jistotu, proto\u017ee z\u00e1pisy se pravideln\u011b samovoln\u011b vracej\u00ed. A te\u010f si p\u0159edstavte, \u017ee pot\u0159ebujete koupit \u017ev\u00fdka\u010dku za bitcoiny. To si jen na hodinku postoj\u00edte v obchod\u011b, pomysl\u00edte si.<\/p>\n

    V r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta je to u\u017e te\u010f sm\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, kdy\u017e Bitcoin pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jen m\u00e1lo v\u00edc ne\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd tis\u00edc\u00ed obyvatel Zem\u011b. A p\u0159i t\u00e9to rychlosti zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed transakc\u00ed se zna\u010dn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it po\u010det aktivn\u00edch u\u017eivatel\u016f nepoda\u0159\u00ed. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed: Visa zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 tis\u00edce transakc\u00ed za sekundu a snadno zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed kapacity, pokud je to pot\u0159eba, proto\u017ee klasick\u00e9 bankovn\u00ed technologie jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

    I kdyby klasick\u00e9 pen\u00edze zanikly, nebylo by to ur\u010dit\u011b proto, \u017ee by je nahradila blockchainov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    M\u00fdtus 4: Miners zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost s\u00edt\u011b<\/h3>\n

    \nCit\u00e1t \u010d. 4: \u201eAutonomn\u00ed podniky v cloudu, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed na b\u00e1zi blockchainu a inteligentn\u00edch smluv, by mohly uzav\u00edrat elektronick\u00e9 smlouvy s p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi organizacemi, nap\u0159\u00edklad s vl\u00e1dami, aby se samostatn\u011b registrovaly pod jakoukoliv jurisdikc\u00ed, pod kterou cht\u011bj\u00ed pracovat.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Ur\u010dit\u011b jste sly\u0161eli o minech, o obrovsk\u00fdch t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch farm\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se buduj\u00ed vedle elektr\u00e1ren. Co vlastn\u011b d\u011blaj\u00ed? Deset minut marn\u011b p\u00e1l\u00ed elektrickou energii, \u201et\u0159esou\u201c bloky, dokud se nestanou \u201ehezk\u00fdmi\u201c a mohou b\u00fdt zahrnuty do blockchainu (o tom, co jsou \u201ehezk\u00e9\u201c bloky a pro\u010d je pot\u0159eba je \u201et\u0159\u00e1st\u201c, jsme psali v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku<\/a><\/noindex>). To je pot\u0159eba, aby p\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed historie zabralo stejnou dobu jako jej\u00ed naps\u00e1n\u00ed (za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee m\u00e1te stejn\u00fd souhrnn\u00fd v\u00fdkon).<\/p>\n

    Elektrick\u00e9 energie se spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 tolik, kolik spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u011bsto s 100 000 obyvateli. Ale k tomu p\u0159idejte i drah\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je vhodn\u00e9 pouze pro t\u011b\u017ebu. Princip t\u011b\u017eby (takzvan\u00fd proof-of-work) je toto\u017en\u00fd s pojmem \u201espalovat zdroje lidstva\u201c.<\/p>\n

    Optimist\u00e9 blockchainu r\u00e1di \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee t\u011b\u017ea\u0159i ned\u011blaj\u00ed pouze zbyte\u010dnou pr\u00e1ci, ale zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed stabilitu a bezpe\u010dnost s\u00edt\u011b Bitcoin. To je pravda, av\u0161ak probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee t\u011b\u017ea\u0159i chr\u00e1n\u00ed Bitcoin p\u0159ed ostatn\u00edmi t\u011b\u017ea\u0159i<\/i>.<\/p>\n

    Kdyby bylo t\u011b\u017ea\u0159\u016f tis\u00edckr\u00e1t m\u00e9n\u011b a bylo by spot\u0159ebov\u00e1no tis\u00edckr\u00e1t m\u00e9n\u011b elekt\u0159iny, Bitcoin by fungoval stejn\u011b dob\u0159e \u2013 st\u00e1le by se generoval jeden blok ka\u017ed\u00fdch 10 minut, stejn\u00fd po\u010det transakc\u00ed, stejn\u00e1 rychlost.<\/p>\n

    Pokud jde o blockchainov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, existuje riziko \u201e\u00fatoku 51%<\/a><\/noindex>\u201c. Podstatou \u00fatoku je to, \u017ee pokud n\u011bkdo kontroluje v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu v\u0161ech t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch kapacit, m\u016f\u017ee tajn\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159et alternativn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed historii, ve kter\u00e9 sv\u00e9 pen\u00edze nikomu nep\u0159edal. Pot\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee v\u0161em p\u0159edlo\u017eit svou verzi \u2014 a ta se stane realitou. T\u00edm by z\u00edskal mo\u017enost utratit sv\u00e9 pen\u00edze n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9my v\u0161ak takov\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm nejsou vystaveny.<\/p>\n

    Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee Bitcoin se stal rukojm\u00edm sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed ideologie. \u201eZbyte\u010dn\u00ed\u201c t\u011b\u017ea\u0159i nemohou p\u0159estat t\u011b\u017eit, proto\u017ee by se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee n\u011bkdo bude kontrolovat v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed kapacity. Dokud je t\u011b\u017eba v\u00fdnosn\u00e1, s\u00ed\u0165 je stabiln\u00ed, ale pokud se situace zm\u011bn\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad kv\u016fli r\u016fstu cen elekt\u0159iny), s\u00ed\u0165 by mohla \u010delit masov\u00fdm \u201edvojit\u00fdm \u00fatrat\u00e1m\u201c.<\/p>\n

    M\u00fdtus 5: Blockchain je decentralizovan\u00fd a proto nezni\u010diteln\u00fd<\/h3>\n

    \nCitace \u010d. 5: \u201eAby se decentralizovan\u00e1 aplikace stala plnohodnotnou organizac\u00ed, mus\u00ed obsahovat sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed funkce, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fastavu.\u201c
    \nMo\u017en\u00e1 se domn\u00edv\u00e1te, \u017ee pokud je blockchain ulo\u017een na ka\u017ed\u00e9m uzlu s\u00edt\u011b, tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby nebudou schopny Bitcoin uzav\u0159\u00edt, pokud budou cht\u00edt, proto\u017ee nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd centr\u00e1ln\u00ed server nebo n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho \u2013 nen\u00ed nikdo, koho by \u0161li zav\u0159\u00edt. Ale to je iluze.<\/p>\n

    Ve skute\u010dnosti jsou v\u0161ichni \u201enez\u00e1visl\u00ed\u201c t\u011b\u017ea\u0159i sdru\u017eeni do pool\u016f (v podstat\u011b kartel\u016f). Mus\u00ed se spojit, proto\u017ee je lep\u0161\u00ed m\u00edt stabiln\u00ed, ale mal\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem, ne\u017e obrovsk\u00fd, ale jednou za 1000 let.<\/p>\n

    \"\u0160est
    \nDistribuce kapacit Bitcoin podle pool\u016f.     Zdroj<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

    Jak vid\u00edte v diagramu, jsou velk\u00e9 pooly v po\u010dtu asi 20, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e 4 z nich kontroluj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 % ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu. Sta\u010d\u00ed zaklepat na \u010dty\u0159i dve\u0159e a z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup ke \u010dty\u0159em \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016fm, abyste m\u011bli mo\u017enost v bitcoinov\u00e9 s\u00edti utr\u00e1cet stejn\u00e9 bitcoiny v\u00edce ne\u017e jednou. A tato mo\u017enost, jak pochop\u00edte, pon\u011bkud devalvuje bitcoin. Tato \u00faloha je pln\u011b realizovateln\u00e1.<\/p>\n

    \"\u0160est
    \nRozlo\u017een\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby podle zem\u00ed.     Zdroj<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

    Ale hrozba je je\u0161t\u011b re\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina pool\u016f spolu se sv\u00fdmi v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edmi kapacitami se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v jedn\u00e9 zemi, co\u017e zjednodu\u0161uje potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed uchopen\u00ed kontroly nad bitcoinem.<\/p>\n

    M\u00fdtus 6: Anonymita a otev\u0159enost blockchainu jsou dobr\u00e9.<\/h3>\n

    \nCit\u00e1t \u010d. 6: \u201eV \u00e9\u0159e blockchainu se tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u201evl\u00e1da 1.0\u201c do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry st\u00e1v\u00e1 zastaral\u00fdm modelem a objevuj\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti k p\u0159echodu od d\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch struktur k personalizovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edm form\u00e1m vl\u00e1dy.\u201c<\/p>\n

    Blockchain je otev\u0159en\u00fd, v\u0161ichni v\u0161e vid\u00ed. Tak\u017ee v bitcoinu nen\u00ed anonymita, je tu \u201epseudonymita\u201c. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud zlo\u010dinec \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u00fdkupn\u00e9 na pen\u011b\u017eenku, ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00ed, \u017ee pen\u011b\u017eenka pat\u0159\u00ed \u0161patn\u00e9mu \u010dlov\u011bku. A proto\u017ee transakce z t\u00e9to pen\u011b\u017eenky m\u016f\u017ee sledovat kdokoli, zlo\u010dinec bude m\u00edt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt z\u00edskan\u00e9 bitcoiny, proto\u017ee jakmile se n\u011bkde odhal\u00ed jeho identita, bude okam\u017eit\u011b zat\u010den. Na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b burz je nutn\u00e9 pro v\u00fdm\u011bnu za b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pen\u00edze proj\u00edt identifikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Proto zlo\u010dinci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed takzvan\u00fd \u201emix\u00e9r\u201c. Mix\u00e9r m\u00edch\u00e1 \u0161pinav\u00e9 pen\u00edze s velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm \u010dist\u00fdch a t\u00edm je \u201evy\u010distil\u201c. Zlo\u010dinec za to plat\u00ed vysokou provizi a hodn\u011b riskuje, proto\u017ee mix\u00e9r je bu\u010f s\u00e1m anonymn\u00ed (a m\u016f\u017ee ut\u00e9ct s pen\u011bzi), nebo je u\u017e pod kontrolou n\u011bkoho vlivn\u00e9ho (a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyd\u00e1n \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm).<\/p>\n

    Ale nechme probl\u00e9my zlo\u010dinc\u016f, jak je pseudonymita \u0161patn\u00e1 pro poctiv\u00e9 u\u017eivatele? Zde je jednoduch\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad: p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00edm m\u00e1m\u011b trochu bitcoin\u016f. Pot\u00e9 v\u00ed:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Kolik m\u00e1m celkem pen\u011bz v kter\u00fdkoli moment.<\/li>\n
    2. Kolik a co, hlavn\u011b na co jsem je po cel\u00fd \u010das utr\u00e1cel. Co jsem kupoval, na jak\u00e9 rulet\u011b jsem hr\u00e1l, jak\u00e9ho politika jsem \u201eanonymn\u011b\u201c podporoval.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \nNebo pokud jsem p\u0159\u00edteli vr\u00e1til dluh za limon\u00e1du, v\u00ed te\u010f v\u0161echno o m\u00fdch financ\u00edch. Mysl\u00edte, \u017ee je to hloupost? A zkus\u00edte pro v\u0161echny otev\u0159\u00edt svou finan\u010dn\u00ed historii kreditn\u00ed karty? A to nejen minulou, ale i tu budouc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      Pokud je to pro fyzick\u00e9 osoby je\u0161t\u011b jak\u017etak\u017e \u00fanosn\u00e9 (kdo v\u00ed, n\u011bkdo chce b\u00fdt \u201etransparentn\u00ed\u201c), pro firmy je to smrteln\u00e9: v\u0161ichni jejich partne\u0159i, n\u00e1kupy, prodeje, z\u00e1kazn\u00edci, objemy \u00fa\u010dt\u016f a vlastn\u011b v\u0161e \u2013 st\u00e1v\u00e1 se ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm. Otev\u0159enost financ\u00ed je asi jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch nedostatk\u016f Bitcoinu.<\/p>\n

      Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n

      \nCit\u00e1t \u010d. 7: \"Nen\u00ed vylou\u010deno, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b technologie blockchainu se stane vrchn\u00ed ekonomickou vrstvou organicky propojen\u00e9ho sv\u011bta rozmanit\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, mezi nimi\u017e \u2013 nositeln\u00e1 v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, senzory \u201einternet v\u011bc\u00ed\u201c.
      \nVyjmenoval jsem \u0161est hlavn\u00edch n\u00e1mitek proti Bitcoinu a pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 verzi blockchainu. Pt\u00e1te se, pro\u010d jste to sly\u0161eli ode m\u011b a ne d\u0159\u00edve od n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho? Opravdu nikdo nevid\u00ed probl\u00e9my?<\/p>\n

      N\u011bkdo je zaslepen, n\u011bkdo prost\u011b nerozum\u00ed, jak to funguje<\/a><\/noindex>, a n\u011bkdo v\u0161e vid\u00ed a uv\u011bdomuje si to, ale prost\u011b o tom nechce ps\u00e1t. Zamyslete se sami, mnoz\u00ed z t\u011bch, kdo koupili bitcoiny, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed je propagovat a prosazovat. N\u011bco jako pyramida<\/a><\/noindex> vych\u00e1z\u00ed. Pro\u010d ps\u00e1t, \u017ee technologie m\u00e1 nedostatky, kdy\u017e o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1te r\u016fst kurzu?<\/p>\n

      Ano, Bitcoin m\u00e1 konkurenty, kte\u0159\u00ed se pokusili vy\u0159e\u0161it ur\u010dit\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. A\u010dkoli n\u011b n\u011bkter\u00e9 n\u00e1pady jsou velmi dobr\u00e9, v z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159esto le\u017e\u00ed blockchain. Ano, existuj\u00ed i jin\u00e9, ne\u017e pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed aplikace technologie blockchain, ale kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 nedostatky blockchainu z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed i tam.<\/p>\n

      Te\u010f, pokud v\u00e1m n\u011bkdo \u0159ekne, \u017ee vyn\u00e1lez blockchainu je srovnateln\u00fd sv\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem s vyn\u00e1lezem Internetu, berte to s velk\u00fdm skepticismem.
      \n
      Zdroj:       habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u2014 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u00ab\u041b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043d \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0432, \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0448\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0432\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e. \u0423\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0442\u0435 \u0411\u0438\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439\u043d. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0160est m\u00fdt\u016f o blockchainu a Bitcoinu, nebo Pro\u010d to nen\u00ed tak efektivn\u00ed technologie | ProHoster","description":"Autor \u010dl\u00e1nku \u2013 Alexej Malanov, odborn\u00edk na rozvoj antivirov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed \u201eLaborato\u0159e Kaspersky\u201c Opakovan\u011b jsem sly\u0161el n\u00e1zor, \u017ee blockchain je velmi \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd, je to pr\u016flom, budoucnost pat\u0159\u00ed jemu.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/shest-mifov-o-blokchejne-i-bitkojne-ili-pochemu-eto-ne-takaya-uzh-effektivnaya-tehnologiya","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0428\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432 \u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0411\u0438\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0436 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u2014 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u00ab\u041b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043d \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0432, \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/shest-mifov-o-blokchejne-i-bitkojne-ili-pochemu-eto-ne-takaya-uzh-effektivnaya-tehnologiya","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-01-02T21:00:00+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-02-18T11:02:47+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"54741","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-24 12:33:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 19:58:23","updated":"2026-01-24 12:33:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54741"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54741\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}