{"id":54865,"date":"2020-01-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-05T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/o-bezopasnosti-v-seti"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:55","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:55","slug":"o-bezopasnosti-v-seti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/o-bezopasnosti-v-seti","title":{"rendered":"O bezpe\u010dnosti na internetu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"O bezpe\u010dnosti na internetu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/185d1818e77ef3b969924f76e3809773.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek byl naps\u00e1n p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety, kdy se o blokaci messengeru Telegram aktivn\u011b diskutovalo v komunit\u011b, a obsahuje m\u00e9 n\u00e1zory na toto t\u00e9ma. A\u010dkoli je dnes toto t\u00e9ma t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zapomenuto, douf\u00e1m, \u017ee to mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkoho zaj\u00edm\u00e1.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tento text vznikl na z\u00e1klad\u011b m\u00fdch \u00favah o digit\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a dlouho jsem v\u00e1hal, zda ho zve\u0159ejnit. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed existuje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed odborn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b rozum\u00ed cel\u00e9 problematice, a j\u00e1 jim nem\u00e1m co nov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edci. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b krom\u011b nich existuje tak\u00e9 spousta novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f a jin\u00fdch blogger\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se nejen m\u00fdl\u00ed, ale sv\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nky vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed m\u00fdt\u016f. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm, \u017ee v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b na digit\u00e1ln\u00edm boji\u0161ti zu\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00e9 v\u00e1\u0161n\u011b. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u00e1me na mysli jedno z nejdiskutovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9mat sou\u010dasnosti v Rusku, a to blokaci messengeru Telegram.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Proti blokaci je to pod\u00e1v\u00e1no jako st\u0159et jednotlivce se st\u00e1tem, svobody slova a tot\u00e1ln\u00edho kontroly nad osobnost\u00ed. Zast\u00e1nci naopak vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z \u00favah o ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti a boje s krimin\u00e1ln\u00edmi a teroristick\u00fdmi strukturami.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nejd\u0159\u00edve si p\u0159edstavme, jak vlastn\u011b messenger Telegram funguje. M\u016f\u017eeme nav\u0161t\u00edvit jejich hlavn\u00ed str\u00e1nku a p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst si, jak se sami prezentuj\u00ed. Jednou z hlavn\u00edch v\u00fdhod pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je d\u016fraz na bezpe\u010dnost koncov\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele. Ale co se t\u00edm p\u0159esn\u011b mysl\u00ed?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako u mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb se va\u0161e data p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed v za\u0161ifrovan\u00e9 podob\u011b, ale pouze do centr\u00e1ln\u00edch <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/server\/\"   title=\"servery\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1461\">servery<\/a>, kde le\u017e\u00ed v zcela otev\u0159en\u00e9 podob\u011b a ka\u017ed\u00fd administr\u00e1tor, pokud si opravdu p\u0159eje, snadno uvid\u00ed celou va\u0161i konverzaci. Pochybujete? Pak si uv\u011bdomte, jak je realizov\u00e1na funkce synchronizace mezi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi. Pokud jsou data tajn\u00e1, jak se dostanou na t\u0159et\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed? V\u017edy\u0165 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed klientsk\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de nenab\u00edz\u00edte pro de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, jak to funguje v e-mailov\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b ProtonMail, kde pro pr\u00e1ci se slu\u017ebou mus\u00edte poskytnout kl\u00ed\u010d, kter\u00fd je ulo\u017een na va\u0161em lok\u00e1ln\u00edm stroji a kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d k de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v ve va\u0161\u00ed schr\u00e1nce.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ale nen\u00ed to tak jednoduch\u00e9. Krom\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch chat\u016f existuj\u00ed i tajn\u00e9. Zde se konverzace skute\u010dn\u011b vede pouze mezi dv\u011bma za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi a o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 synchronizaci nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0159e\u010d. Tato funkce je dostupn\u00e1 pouze na mobiln\u00edch klientech, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e sn\u00edmky obrazovky chatu jsou blokov\u00e1ny na \u00farovni aplikace a chat je zni\u010den po uplynut\u00ed stanoven\u00e9 doby. Z technick\u00e9ho hlediska tok dat st\u00e1le prob\u00edh\u00e1 p\u0159es centr\u00e1ln\u00ed servery, ale tam se neukl\u00e1d\u00e1. Nav\u00edc samotn\u00e9 uchov\u00e1n\u00ed je bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e9, proto\u017ee kl\u00ed\u010de k de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 pouze klient, a \u0161ifrovan\u00fd provoz nem\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed hodnotu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tato sch\u00e9ma bude fungovat, dokud ji klienti a server \u010destn\u011b realizuj\u00ed a dokud na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nejsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 programy, kter\u00e9 bez va\u0161eho v\u011bdom\u00ed odes\u00edlaj\u00ed sn\u00edmky obrazovky t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je d\u016fvodem tohoto nepochopen\u00ed Telegramu ze strany org\u00e1n\u016f \u010dinn\u00fdch v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b tajn\u00e9 chaty? P\u0159esn\u011b v tom, podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru, tkv\u011bje ko\u0159en nepochopen\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny lid\u00ed. A nebudeme moci na tuto ot\u00e1zku odpov\u011bd\u011bt, dokud nepochop\u00edme, co vlastn\u011b \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed je a p\u0159ed k\u00fdm m\u00e1 chr\u00e1nit va\u0161e data.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edstavme si, \u017ee n\u011bjak\u00fd \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk chce poslat tajnou zpr\u00e1vu sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm. Tak d\u016fle\u017eitou, \u017ee se vyplat\u00ed si s t\u00edm d\u00e1t pr\u00e1ci a pojistit se. Je Telegram opravdu tak dobr\u00e1 volba z pohledu specialisty na informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost? Ne, nen\u00ed. Tvrd\u00edm, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edt k tomu jak\u00fdkoli z popul\u00e1rn\u00edch messenger\u016f je to nejhor\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je pou\u017eit\u00ed syst\u00e9mu zpr\u00e1v, ve kter\u00e9m bude va\u0161e korespondence vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1na p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm. A i kdy\u017e je dostate\u010dn\u011b dob\u0159e chr\u00e1n\u011bna, sama skute\u010dnost jej\u00ed existence v\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee zkompromitovat. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me, \u017ee spojen\u00ed mezi klienty st\u00e1le prob\u00edh\u00e1 p\u0159es centr\u00e1ln\u00ed servery a minim\u00e1ln\u011b fakt odesl\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy mezi dv\u011bma u\u017eivateli m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt st\u00e1le prok\u00e1z\u00e1n. Proto je bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat e-mail, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jak tedy zorganizovat korespondenci, kter\u00e1 spl\u0148uje v\u0161echny bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed po\u017eadavky? V r\u00e1mci na\u0161eho p\u0159ehledu se z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b vzd\u00e1me v\u0161ech nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch nebo sporn\u00fdch metod, abychom uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee \u00fakol lze vy\u0159e\u0161it v\u00fdhradn\u011b v mez\u00edch z\u00e1kona. Nebude t\u0159eba \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho \u0161pehovac\u00edho, hackersk\u00e9ho nebo obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b dostupn\u00e9ho softwaru.<br \/>\nPraxe ukazuje, \u017ee v\u0161echny n\u00e1stroje pat\u0159\u00ed do sady standardn\u00edch utilit dod\u00e1van\u00fdch s jak\u00fdmkoli opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem GNU\/Linux, a jejich z\u00e1kaz by znamenal z\u00e1kaz po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f jako takov\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Celosv\u011btov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 internetu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 obrovskou pavu\u010dinu server\u016f, v\u011bt\u0161inou s opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edm na GNU\/Linux a z pravidly sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f mezi t\u011bmito servery. V\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto server\u016f nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e1 pro p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b existuj\u00ed miliony server\u016f se zcela p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdmi adresami, kter\u00e9 obsluhuj\u00ed v\u0161echny z n\u00e1s, propou\u0161t\u011bj\u00edce p\u0159es sebe obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed trafic. A va\u0161i korespondenci uprost\u0159ed tohoto chaosu nikdo a nikdy nebude hledat, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pokud se na pozad\u00ed nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nevy\u010dle\u0148uje.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ti, kdo cht\u011bj\u00ed zorganizovat tajn\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1l, si jednodu\u0161e zakoup\u00ed VPS (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj v cloudu) od jednoho z mnoha des\u00edtek hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch na trhu. Cena se, jak nepochybn\u011b zjist\u00edte, pohybuje na n\u011bkolik dolar\u016f m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee to nelze ud\u011blat anonymn\u011b, a v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude tento virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj v\u00e1z\u00e1n na va\u0161e platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 i na va\u0161i identitu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inu poskytovatel\u016f hostingu nezaj\u00edm\u00e1, co spou\u0161t\u00edte na jejich za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, dokud nep\u0159ekro\u010d\u00edte jejich z\u00e1kladn\u00ed limity, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad mno\u017estv\u00ed poskytnut\u00e9ho trafficu nebo p\u0159ipojen\u00ed na portu 23.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e takov\u00e1 mo\u017enost existuje, pro n\u011bj nen\u00ed v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 utr\u00e1cet p\u00e1r dolar\u016f, kter\u00e9 na v\u00e1s vyd\u011blal, za to, aby v\u00e1s m\u011bl pod dohledem.<br \/>\nA i kdyby se o to cht\u011bl nebo musel pokusit, musel by nejprve pochopit, jak\u00fd typ softwaru konkr\u00e9tn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te, a na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto znalost\u00ed vytvo\u0159it infrastrukturu pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ru\u010dn\u011b to nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, ale automatizace tohoto procesu bude velmi slo\u017eit\u00fdm \u00fakolem. Z t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f uchov\u00e1vat cel\u00fd provoz proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed va\u0161\u00edm serverem bude ekonomicky nev\u00fdhodn\u00e9, pokud se p\u0159edem nedostanete do zorn\u00e9ho pole p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch struktur, kter\u00e9 to cht\u011bj\u00ed ud\u011blat.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm krokem bude vytvo\u0159en\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu jedn\u00edm z mnoha existuj\u00edc\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed variantou bude vytvo\u0159en\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00e9ho ssh spojen\u00ed se serverem. N\u011bkolik klient\u016f se p\u0159ipojuje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm OpenSSH a komunikuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu wall. Levn\u00e9 a efektivn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Zprovozn\u011bn\u00ed <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"89\">VPN<\/a> serveru a p\u0159ipojen\u00ed n\u011bkolika klient\u016f p\u0159es centr\u00e1ln\u00ed server. Alternativn\u011b hledejte jakoukoli chatovac\u00ed aplikaci pro m\u00edstn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a do toho.<\/li>\n<li>Jednoduch\u00fd FreeBSD NetCat n\u00e1hle disponuje vestav\u011bnou funkcionalitou pro primitivn\u00ed anonymn\u00ed chat. Podporuje \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed certifik\u00e1ty a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edho.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nen\u00ed t\u0159eba zmi\u0148ovat, \u017ee stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, krom\u011b jednoduch\u00fdch textov\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v, m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et jak\u00e9koli soubory. Jak\u00fdkoli z t\u011bchto zp\u016fsob\u016f lze realizovat za 5-10 minut a nen\u00ed technicky slo\u017eit\u00fd. Zpr\u00e1vy budou vypadat jako b\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u0161ifrovan\u00fd provoz, kter\u00e9ho je na internetu v\u011bt\u0161ina.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edstup se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 steganografie \u2014 skr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v tam, kde je nikdo ne\u010dek\u00e1. To samo o sob\u011b nezaru\u010duje bezpe\u010dnost komunikace, ale sni\u017euje pravd\u011bpodobnost jej\u00edho odhalen\u00ed na nulu. Krom\u011b toho, pokud je v\u00e1\u0161 server je\u0161t\u011b v jin\u00e9 zemi, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt proces z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dat kv\u016fli dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvod\u016fm nemo\u017en\u00fd. A i kdyby k n\u011bmu n\u011bkdo p\u0159\u00edstup z\u00edskal, va\u0161e komunikace do t\u00e9 doby pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebude kompromitov\u00e1na, proto\u017ee se, na rozd\u00edl od ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, nikde lok\u00e1ln\u011b neukl\u00e1d\u00e1 (to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b z\u00e1vis\u00ed na zp\u016fsobu komunikace, kter\u00fd zvol\u00edte).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkdo by mi mohl nam\u00edtnout, \u017ee hled\u00e1m na \u0161patn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, \u017ee sv\u011btov\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby u\u017e d\u00e1vno v\u0161echno vymy\u0161lely a ve v\u0161ech \u0161ifrovac\u00edch protokolech u\u017e d\u00e1vno existuj\u00ed d\u00edry pro intern\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed. Toto je zcela rozumn\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed, vzhledem k historii t\u00e9to problematiky. Jak tedy b\u00fdt v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny \u0161ifrovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad modern\u00ed kryptografie, maj\u00ed ur\u010ditou vlastnost - kryptografickou odolnost. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee jakoukoliv \u0161ifru lze prolomit - je to jen ot\u00e1zka \u010dasu a zdroj\u016f. Ide\u00e1ln\u011b by m\u011blo b\u00fdt dosa\u017eeno toho, aby tento proces byl pro \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka jednodu\u0161e nev\u00fdhodn\u00fd, bez ohledu na to, jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 jsou data. Nebo by m\u011bl trvat tak dlouho, \u017ee v okam\u017eiku prolomen\u00ed data ztrat\u00ed svou d\u016fle\u017eitost.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Toto tvrzen\u00ed nen\u00ed zcela pravdiv\u00e9. Je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, kdy\u017e se mluv\u00ed o nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u0161ifrovac\u00edch protokolech, kter\u00e9 se dnes pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b z cel\u00e9ho spektra \u0161ifer existuje jedna, kter\u00e1 je absolutn\u011b odoln\u00e1 proti prolomen\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 je velmi snadno pochopiteln\u00e1. Teoreticky ji nelze prolomit, pokud jsou spln\u011bny v\u0161echny podm\u00ednky.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>My\u0161lenka skryta v Vernamov\u011b \u0161if\u0159e je velmi jednoduch\u00e1 - p\u0159edem se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed sekvence n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f, kter\u00fdmi budou \u0161ifrov\u00e1na zpr\u00e1vy. Ka\u017ed\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d se p\u0159itom pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze jednou pro za\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed jedn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy. V tom nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vytvo\u0159\u00edme dlouh\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch bajt\u016f a ka\u017ed\u00fd bajt zpr\u00e1vy p\u0159evedeme pomoc\u00ed operace XOR na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd bajt v kl\u00ed\u010di a pot\u00e9 ho ode\u0161leme d\u00e1l ne\u0161ifrovan\u00fdm kan\u00e1lem. Je snadn\u00e9 si v\u0161imnout, \u017ee \u0161ifra je symetrick\u00e1 a kl\u00ed\u010d pro \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed je stejn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tato metoda m\u00e1 nev\u00fdhody a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se pom\u011brn\u011b z\u0159\u00eddka, nicm\u00e9n\u011b dosa\u017een\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee pokud se ob\u011b strany p\u0159edem dohodnou na kl\u00ed\u010di a tento kl\u00ed\u010d nen\u00ed kompromitov\u00e1n, lze si b\u00fdt jist, \u017ee data nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jak to funguje? Kl\u00ed\u010d je generov\u00e1n p\u0159edem a je p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n mezi v\u0161emi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky alternativn\u00edm kan\u00e1lem. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ed\u00e1n p\u0159i osobn\u00edm setk\u00e1n\u00ed na neutr\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed, pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, abychom zcela vylou\u010dili mo\u017en\u00e9 prohled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo jej jednodu\u0161e poslat USB flash diskem po\u0161tou. Po\u0159\u00e1d \u017eijeme ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kde neexistuje technick\u00e1 mo\u017enost prohled\u00e1vat v\u0161echna m\u00e9dia informac\u00ed p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed hranice, v\u0161echny pevn\u00e9 disky a telefony.<br \/>\nPo t\u00e9, co v\u0161ichni \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci korespondence obdr\u017e\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010d, m\u016f\u017ee uplynout pom\u011brn\u011b dost \u010dasu, ne\u017e dojde k samotn\u00e9 relaci, co\u017e je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zt\u011b\u017euje protiopat\u0159en\u00ed t\u00e9to soustavy.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jeden bajt v kl\u00ed\u010di je pou\u017eit pouze jednou k \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho znaku tajn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy a jeho de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky. Pou\u017eit\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de mohou b\u00fdt automaticky zni\u010deny v\u0161emi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky korespondence po p\u0159enosu dat. Jakmile si vym\u011bn\u00edme tajn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de, lze p\u0159ed\u00e1vat zpr\u00e1vy v celkov\u00e9m objemu rovnom\u011brn\u00e9m jejich d\u00e9lce. Tento fakt je obvykle uv\u00e1d\u011bn jako nev\u00fdhoda t\u00e9to \u0161ifry, bylo by p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdyby kl\u00ed\u010d m\u011bl omezenou d\u00e9lku a nez\u00e1visel na velikosti zpr\u00e1vy. Av\u0161ak tito lid\u00e9 zapom\u00ednaj\u00ed na pokrok, a pokud to bylo probl\u00e9mem v \u00e9\u0159e studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, dnes to takov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem nen\u00ed. Pokud vych\u00e1z\u00edme z toho, \u017ee mo\u017enosti modern\u00edch nosi\u010d\u016f jsou prakticky neomezen\u00e9 a v tom nejskromn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o gigabajty, m\u016f\u017ee chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1l fungovat neomezen\u011b dlouho.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Historicky byl Vernam\u016fv \u0161ifrovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m, nebo \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch bloknot\u016f, \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v dob\u011b studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky k p\u0159enosu tajn\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v. I kdy\u017e jsou zn\u00e1my p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy r\u016fzn\u00e1 sd\u011blen\u00ed byla \u0161ifrov\u00e1na stejn\u00fdmi kl\u00ed\u010di z nedbalosti, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u0161ifrovac\u00ed procedura byla poru\u0161ena a umo\u017enila jejich de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Je prakticky obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 tento zp\u016fsob pou\u017e\u00edt? Sp\u00ed\u0161e je to trivi\u00e1ln\u00ed, a automatizace tohoto procesu pomoc\u00ed modern\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f je v sil\u00e1ch za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edho nad\u0161ence. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt c\u00edlem blokace zp\u016fsobit \u0161kodu konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aplikaci Telegram? Pokud ano, je to op\u011bt vedle. Klient Telegram z v\u00fdroby podporuje proxy servery a protokol SOCKS5, co\u017e u\u017eivateli umo\u017e\u0148uje pracovat p\u0159es extern\u00ed servery s nezablokovan\u00fdmi IP adresami. Naj\u00edt ve\u0159ejn\u00fd SOCKS5 server pro kr\u00e1tkou relaci nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, a postavit takov\u00fd server na vlastn\u00ed VPS je je\u0161t\u011b jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e \u00fader na ekosyst\u00e9m messengeru stejn\u011b nastane, proto\u017ee pro v\u011bt\u0161inu u\u017eivatel\u016f tyto omezen\u00ed vytvo\u0159\u00ed nep\u0159ekonatelnou bari\u00e9ru a jeho popularita mezi obyvatelstvem utrp\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee shrneme. Cel\u00e1 ta nebety\u010dn\u00e1 v\u0159ava kolem Telegramu je jen hype a nic v\u00edc. Blokovat ho kv\u016fli ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti je technicky nekompetentn\u00ed a bezsmysln\u00e9. Jak\u00e9koli struktury, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed z\u00e1jem na zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 komunikaci, mohou zorganizovat sv\u016fj kan\u00e1l pomoc\u00ed n\u011bkolika vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch technik, a co je nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, d\u011bl\u00e1 se to neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b snadno, dokud je k dispozici jak\u00fdkoli p\u0159\u00edstup k s\u00edti. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Fronta informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti dnes neprob\u00edh\u00e1 p\u0159es messaging aplikace, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159es b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 u\u017eivatele s\u00edt\u011b, i kdy\u017e si to mo\u017en\u00e1 neuv\u011bdomuj\u00ed. Modern\u00ed internet je realita, se kterou je t\u0159eba se vyrovnat a v n\u00ed\u017e p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u016fsobit dosud se zdaj\u00edc\u00ed neot\u0159esiteln\u00e9 z\u00e1kony. Blokace Telegramu je dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem v\u00e1lek o informa\u010dn\u00ed trh. Ne prvn\u00ed a rozhodn\u011b ne posledn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika des\u00edtkami let, p\u0159ed masov\u00fdm rozvojem internetu, byla kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem, kter\u00e9mu \u010delily r\u016fzn\u00e9 agenturn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho komunika\u010dn\u00edho kan\u00e1lu jak mezi sebou, tak pro koordinaci sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti s centrem. P\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 kontrola soukrom\u00fdch r\u00e1diov\u00fdch stanic b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky ve v\u0161ech z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch zem\u00edch (registrace je dnes nezbytn\u00e1) a \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 stanice studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky (n\u011bkter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed dodnes), miniaturn\u00ed magnetofony v podr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch bot \u2014 to v\u0161e v nov\u00e9m rozvoji civilizace vypad\u00e1 jednodu\u0161e sm\u011b\u0161n\u011b. Stejn\u011b jako inerce my\u0161len\u00ed, kter\u00e1 donutila st\u00e1tn\u00ed ma\u0161inerii p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b blokovat jak\u00fdkoli jev, kter\u00fd j\u00ed nen\u00ed pod kontrolou. Proto by blokov\u00e1n\u00ed IP adres nem\u011blo b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a pouze ukazuje na nedostatek kompetence u lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed takov\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed \u010din\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem sou\u010dasnosti nen\u00ed uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nebo anal\u00fdza dat osobn\u00ed korespondence t\u0159et\u00edmi stranami (to je zcela objektivn\u00ed realita, v n\u00ed\u017e dnes \u017eijeme), ale fakt, \u017ee lid\u00e9 sami jsou ochotni tyto \u00fadaje poskytovat. poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e vstoup\u00edte na internet prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9ho obl\u00edben\u00e9ho prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de, na v\u00e1s zam\u011b\u0159uje pozornost n\u011bkolik skript\u016f, kter\u00e9 zapisuj\u00ed, na co jste klikli a na kterou str\u00e1nku jste p\u0159e\u0161li. P\u0159i instalaci dal\u0161\u00ed aplikace do smartphonu v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed nahl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na okno \u017e\u00e1dosti o privilegium programu jako na otravnou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Neuv\u011bdomuj\u00ed si p\u0159itom, \u017ee ne\u0161kodn\u00fd program se sna\u017e\u00ed dostat do va\u0161\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159e a chce p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v\u0161echny va\u0161e zpr\u00e1vy. Bezpe\u010dnost a soukrom\u00ed jsou ochotn\u011b vym\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1ny za pohodl\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. A \u010dlov\u011bk se tak \u010dasto zcela dobrovoln\u011b vzd\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00fdch osobn\u00edch informac\u00ed, a t\u00edm i sv\u00e9 svobody, \u010d\u00edm\u017e napl\u0148uje datab\u00e1ze sv\u011btov\u00fdch soukrom\u00fdch a st\u00e1tn\u00edch organizac\u00ed cenn\u00fdmi informacemi o sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. A ty, bezpochyby, vyu\u017eij\u00ed tyto informace pro sv\u00e9 c\u00edle. Tak\u00e9 v honb\u011b za ziskem je budou op\u011bt prod\u00e1vat ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem, bez ohledu na jak\u00e9koli mor\u00e1ln\u011b etick\u00e9 normy.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Douf\u00e1m, \u017ee informace uveden\u00e9 v \u010dl\u00e1nku umo\u017en\u00ed nov\u00fd pohled na probl\u00e9m informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a mo\u017en\u00e1 zm\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 z va\u0161ich zvyklost\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci na internetu. Odborn\u00edci se v\u0161ak sarkasticky usm\u011bj\u00ed a p\u016fjdou d\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pokoj va\u0161emu domovu.<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/482906\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 Telegram \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442. \u0418 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0430, \u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044e\u0441\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443-\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 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