{"id":54868,"date":"2020-01-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-05T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/ideya-detsentralizovannoj-sotsialnoj-seti-sleduyushhego-pokoleniya"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:55","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:55","slug":"ideya-detsentralizovannoj-sotsialnoj-seti-sleduyushhego-pokoleniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ideya-detsentralizovannoj-sotsialnoj-seti-sleduyushhego-pokoleniya","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1pad decentralizovan\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b nov\u00e9 generace","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"N\u00e1pad decentralizovan\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b nov\u00e9 generace\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c0ed09ed12d9b49cee573d6f361f93b2.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nV tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku v\u00e1m p\u0159edstavuji sv\u00e9 \u00favahy o historii a perspektiv\u00e1ch rozvoje internetu, centralizovan\u00fdch a decentralizovan\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed a jako v\u00fdsledek \u2014 mo\u017en\u00e9 architektury decentralizovan\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed generace.<\/p>\n<h1>S internetem je n\u011bco v nepo\u0159\u00e1dku<\/h1>\n<p>\nPoprv\u00e9 jsem se sezn\u00e1mil s Internetem v roce 2000. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, to nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u00fd za\u010d\u00e1tek \u2014 S\u00ed\u0165 u\u017e existovala p\u0159edt\u00edm, ale tuto dobu lze nazvat prvn\u00edm rozkv\u011btem Internetu. World Wide Web \u2014 geni\u00e1ln\u00ed vyn\u00e1lez Tima Berners-Lee, web1.0 v jeho klasick\u00e9 kanonick\u00e9 podob\u011b. Mno\u017estv\u00ed webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a str\u00e1nek, kter\u00e9 se navz\u00e1jem odkazuj\u00ed hypertextov\u00fdmi odkazy. Na prvn\u00ed pohled \u2014 jednoduch\u00e1, jako v\u0161echno geni\u00e1ln\u00ed, architektura: <b>decentralizovan\u00e1 a svobodn\u00e1<\/b>. Chci \u2014 cestuji po str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed, p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00edm po hypertextov\u00fdch odkazech; chci \u2014 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edm svou str\u00e1nku, na kter\u00e9 publikuji to, co m\u011b zaj\u00edm\u00e1 \u2014 nap\u0159\u00edklad sv\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky, fotografie, programy, hypertextov\u00e9 odkazy na zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 str\u00e1nky. A ostatn\u00ed umis\u0165uj\u00ed odkazy na m\u011b. <\/p>\n<p>Zd\u00e1lo by se \u2014 idylick\u00fd obraz? Ale u\u017e v\u00edte, jak to v\u0161echno skon\u010dilo.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nStr\u00e1nek bylo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho a hled\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed se stalo velmi netrivi\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fakolem. Odkazy, kter\u00e9 definovali auto\u0159i, jednodu\u0161e nemohly strukturovat tento obrovsk\u00fd objem informac\u00ed. Nejprve se objevily katalogy, kter\u00e9 byly ru\u010dn\u011b napl\u0148ov\u00e1ny, a pak obrovsk\u00e9 vyhled\u00e1va\u010de, kter\u00e9 za\u010daly pou\u017e\u00edvat d\u016fmysln\u00e9 heuristick\u00e9 algoritmy pro hodnocen\u00ed. Webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky byly vytv\u00e1\u0159eny a opou\u0161t\u011bny, informace se duplikovaly a zkreslovaly. Internet se rychle komercionalizoval a vzd\u00e1lil se od ide\u00e1ln\u00ed akademick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. Jazyk zna\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed se rychle prom\u011bnil v jazyk form\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed. Objevila se reklama, nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 otravn\u00e9 bannery a technologie manipulace a klam\u00e1n\u00ed vyhled\u00e1va\u010d\u016f \u2014 SEO. S\u00ed\u0165 se rychle zapl\u0148ovala informa\u010dn\u00edm odpadem. Hypertextov\u00e9 odkazy p\u0159estaly b\u00fdt n\u00e1strojem logick\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed a prom\u011bnily se v n\u00e1stroj propagace. Webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky se uzamykaly, st\u00e1valy se uzav\u0159en\u00fdmi \u201eaplikacemi\u201c, st\u00e1valy se pouze prost\u0159edky k dosa\u017een\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. <\/p>\n<p>U\u017e tehdy jsem m\u011bl pocit, \u017ee \"n\u011bco tady nen\u00ed v po\u0159\u00e1dku\". Spousta r\u016fzn\u00fdch web\u016f, od primitivn\u00edch dom\u00e1c\u00edch str\u00e1nek s nevkusn\u00fdm vzhledem po \"megaport\u00e1ly\", p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e9 blikaj\u00edc\u00edmi bannery. I kdy\u017e byly weby na stejn\u00e9 t\u00e9ma, v\u016fbec nebyly propojen\u00e9, ka\u017ed\u00e9 m\u011blo sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed design, svou strukturu, otravn\u00e9 bannery, \u0161patn\u011b funguj\u00edc\u00ed vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, pot\u00ed\u017ee s stahov\u00e1n\u00edm (ano, cht\u011bl jsem m\u00edt informace offline). U\u017e tehdy se internet za\u010d\u00ednal prom\u011b\u0148ovat na n\u011bco jako televize, kde bylo k u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9mu obsahu p\u0159id\u00e1no mno\u017estv\u00ed k\u00fd\u010de. <br \/>\nDecentralizace se prom\u011bnila v no\u010dn\u00ed m\u016fru. <\/p>\n<h1>Co vlastn\u011b chci?<\/h1>\n<p>\nParadoxn\u011b, u\u017e tehdy, ani\u017e bych znal web 2.0 nebo p2p, jsem jako u\u017eivatel decentralizaci nepot\u0159eboval! Vzpom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed na sv\u00e9 nezka\u017een\u00e9 my\u0161lenky t\u00e9 doby, doch\u00e1z\u00edm k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee jsem pot\u0159eboval... <b>jednotnou datab\u00e1zi<\/b>! Takovou, kter\u00e1 by p\u0159i dotazu zobrazila v\u0161echny v\u00fdsledky, a ne ty, kter\u00e9 nejl\u00e9pe vyhovuj\u00ed hodnotic\u00edm algoritm\u016fm. Takovou, kde by v\u0161echny tyto v\u00fdsledky byly uniformn\u011b zpracovan\u00e9 a stylizovan\u00e9 m\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm jednotn\u00fdm designem, a ne nevkusn\u00fdmi dom\u00e1c\u00edmi designy mnoha Va\u0161ek Poupk\u016f. Takovou, kterou bych mohl ukl\u00e1dat offline a neb\u00e1t se, \u017ee z\u00edtra zmiz\u00ed web a informace nav\u017edy zmiz\u00ed. Takovou, do kter\u00e9 bych mohl p\u0159id\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 informace \u2014 nap\u0159\u00edklad koment\u00e1\u0159e a tagy. Takovou, ve kter\u00e9 bych mohl prov\u00e1d\u011bt vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed a filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edmi algoritmy.<\/p>\n<h1>Web 2.0 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b<\/h1>\n<p>\nMezit\u00edm se na sc\u00e9nu dostala koncepce Web 2.0. Formulovan\u00e1 v roce 2005 Timem O'Reillym jako \u201emetodika navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 t\u00edm l\u00e9pe funguj\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce lid\u00ed je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1\u201c \u2013 a zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed aktivn\u00ed zapojen\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f do kolektivn\u00edho vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a editov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu na internetu. Bez nads\u00e1zky, vrcholem a triumfem t\u00e9to koncepce se staly soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Obrovsk\u00e9 platformy spojuj\u00edc\u00ed miliardy u\u017eivatel\u016f a ukl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed stovky petabajt\u016f dat.<\/p>\n<p>Co jsme tedy z\u00edskali v soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>unifikace rozhran\u00ed; uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed v\u0161echny mo\u017enosti pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed r\u016fznorod\u00e9ho designu; v\u0161echny str\u00e1nky v\u0161ech u\u017eivatel\u016f maj\u00ed stejn\u00fd design a to v\u0161em vyhovuje a je to vlastn\u011b pohodln\u00e9; li\u0161\u00ed se pouze obsah.<\/li>\n<li>unifikace funkcionality; ve\u0161ker\u00e1 rozmanitost skript\u016f se tak\u00e9 uk\u00e1zala jako zbyte\u010dn\u00e1. \"Feed\", p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, alba... b\u011bhem existence soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed se jejich funkcionalita v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b stabilizovala a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se nezm\u011bn\u00ed: funkcionalita je ur\u010dov\u00e1na formami aktivity lid\u00ed, a ti se prakticky nem\u011bn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>jednotn\u00e1 DB; pr\u00e1ce s takovou DB se uk\u00e1zala jako mnohem pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e s mno\u017estv\u00edm rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdch str\u00e1nek; vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se stalo mnohem snaz\u0161\u00edm. M\u00edsto nekone\u010dn\u00e9ho skenov\u00e1n\u00ed rozmanit\u00fdch slab\u011b spojen\u00fdch str\u00e1nek, ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161eho tohoto, hodnocen\u00ed podle slo\u017eit\u00fdch heuristick\u00fdch algoritm\u016f \u2014 relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00fd unifikovan\u00fd dotaz na jednotnou datab\u00e1zi s zn\u00e1mou strukturou.<\/li>\n<li>rozhran\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby \u2014 lajky a sd\u00edlen\u00ed; ve standardn\u00edm webu si Google nemohl nijak zajistit zp\u011btnou vazbu od u\u017eivatel\u016f po kliknut\u00ed na odkaz ve vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch se tato vazba uk\u00e1zala jako jednoduch\u00e1 a p\u0159irozen\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nCo jsme ztratili? <b>Ztratili jsme decentralizaci, a tedy \u2014 svobodu<\/b>. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee nyn\u00ed n\u00e1m na\u0161e data nepat\u0159\u00ed. Pokud jsme si d\u0159\u00edve mohli vytvo\u0159it dom\u00e1c\u00ed str\u00e1nku i na vlastn\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, nyn\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1me v\u0161echna na\u0161e data internetov\u00fdm gigant\u016fm. <\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho, jak internet vyv\u00edjel, za\u010daly se j\u00edm zaj\u00edmat vl\u00e1dy a korporace, co\u017e vedlo k probl\u00e9m\u016fm politick\u00e9 cenzury a autorsk\u00fdch omezen\u00ed. Na\u0161e str\u00e1nky na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch mohou b\u00fdt zablokov\u00e1ny a odstran\u011bny, pokud obsah nevyhovuje n\u011bjak\u00fdm pravidl\u016fm s\u00edt\u011b; za neopatrn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek \u2014 m\u016f\u017eeme b\u00fdt vystaveni spr\u00e1vn\u00edmu a dokonce trestn\u00edmu st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>A tak se znovu zam\u00fd\u0161l\u00edme: nem\u011bli bychom si znovu p\u0159iv\u00e9st decentralizaci? Ale v jin\u00e9 form\u011b, zbaven\u00e9 nedostatk\u016f prvn\u00ed pokus?<\/p>\n<h1>P2P s\u00edt\u011b<\/h1>\n<p>\nPrvn\u00ed p2p s\u00edt\u011b se objevily d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed webem 2.0 a vyv\u00edjely se paraleln\u011b s v\u00fdvojem webu. Hlavn\u00ed klasick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed p2p \u2013 sd\u00edlen\u00ed soubor\u016f; prvn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b byly vyvinuty pro v\u00fdm\u011bnu hudby. Prvn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b (nap\u0159\u00edklad Napster) byly v podstat\u011b centralizovan\u00e9, a proto byly pom\u011brn\u011b rychle uzav\u0159eny dr\u017eiteli pr\u00e1v. N\u00e1sledovn\u00edci \u0161li cestou decentralizace. V roce 2000 vznikly protokoly ED2K (prvn\u00ed klient eDokney) a Gnutella, v roce 2001 \u2013 protokol FastTrack (klient KaZaA). Postupn\u011b se zvy\u0161ovala m\u00edra decentralizace, technologie se zdokonalovaly. Na m\u00edsto syst\u00e9m\u016f s \u201e\u010dekac\u00edmi frontami\u201c p\u0159i\u0161ly torrenty, objevila se koncepce distribuovan\u00fdch hash tabulek DHT. S rostouc\u00edm tlakem ze strany st\u00e1t\u016f se stala anonymita \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f v\u00edce \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed. Od roku 2000 se vyv\u00edj\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 Freenet, od roku 2003 \u2013 I2P, v roce 2006 byl zah\u00e1jen projekt RetroShare. M\u016f\u017eeme zm\u00ednit nespo\u010det p2p s\u00edt\u00ed, jak t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 existovaly d\u0159\u00edve a ji\u017e zmizely, tak i t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed nyn\u00ed: WASTE, MUTE, TurtleF2F, RShare, PerfectDark, ARES, Gnutella2, GNUNet, IPFS, ZeroNet, Tribbler a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch. Je jich spousta. Jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9. Velmi r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u2013 jak co do \u00fa\u010delu, tak co do struktury\u2026 Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ani mnoz\u00ed z v\u00e1s tyto n\u00e1zvy neznaj\u00ed. A to rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed v\u0161echno.<\/p>\n<p>Nicm\u00e9n\u011b p2p s\u00edt\u011b maj\u00ed spoustu nev\u00fdhod. Krom\u011b technick\u00fdch nedostatk\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou vlastn\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed realizaci protokolu a klienta, m\u016f\u017eeme nap\u0159\u00edklad zm\u00ednit dost obecnou nev\u00fdhodu \u2013 slo\u017eitost vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed (tj. to v\u0161e, s \u010d\u00edm se pot\u00fdkal Web 1.0, ale v je\u0161t\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed variant\u011b). Neexistuje zde Google s jeho v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm a okam\u017eit\u00fdm vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm. A pokud pro souborov\u00e9 sd\u00edlec\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b je\u0161t\u011b m\u016f\u017eete vyu\u017e\u00edt vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed podle n\u00e1zvu souboru nebo podle metainformac\u00ed, pak naj\u00edt n\u011bco nap\u0159\u00edklad v overlay s\u00edt\u00edch onion nebo i2p je docela obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, pokud v\u016fbec mo\u017en\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee pokud bychom prov\u00e1d\u011bli analogie s klasick\u00fdm internetem, v\u011bt\u0161ina decentralizovan\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed se zasekla n\u011bkde na \u00farovni FTP. P\u0159edstavte si internet, kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 nic, krom\u011b FTP: \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 modern\u00ed weby, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd web2.0, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd Youtube\u2026 P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v takov\u00e9m stavu se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed decentralizovan\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. A i kdy\u017e existuj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 pokusy n\u011bco zm\u011bnit, zat\u00edm je t\u011bchto zm\u011bn m\u00e1lo.<\/p>\n<h1>Obsah<\/h1>\n<p>\nPod\u00edvejme se je\u0161t\u011b na jeden d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd kousek t\u00e9to skl\u00e1da\u010dky \u2013 obsah. Obsah je hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho internetov\u00e9ho zdroje, a to zejm\u00e9na decentralizovan\u00e9ho. Odkud ho vz\u00edt? Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b lze spol\u00e9hat na skupinku nad\u0161enc\u016f (jak se to d\u011bje u sou\u010dasn\u00fdch p2p s\u00edt\u00ed), ale pak bude rozvoj s\u00edt\u011b docela pomal\u00fd a obsahu tam bude m\u00e1lo.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ce s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm internetem znamen\u00e1 vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a studium obsahu. N\u011bkdy \u2013 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed (pokud je obsah zaj\u00edmav\u00fd a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd, mnoz\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na ti, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li na s\u00ed\u0165 v dob\u00e1ch dial-upu \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b m\u011b \u2013 rozumn\u011b ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed offline, aby to neztratili; nebo\u0165 internet je n\u011bco, co nem\u00e1me pod kontrolou, dnes je str\u00e1nka, z\u00edtra nen\u00ed, dnes je video na YouTube \u2013 z\u00edtra ho odstranili atd. <\/p>\n<p>A pro torrenty (kter\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1me sp\u00ed\u0161e jako pouh\u00fd prost\u0159edek dod\u00e1vky, ne\u017e jako p2p s\u00ed\u0165) je ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dokonce p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1no. A to je ostatn\u011b jeden z probl\u00e9m\u016f torrent\u016f: sta\u017een\u00fd soubor se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b p\u0159esouv\u00e1 na m\u00edsto, kde by se s n\u00edm dalo pohodln\u011bji zach\u00e1zet (obvykle je pot\u0159eba ru\u010dn\u011b regenerovat sd\u00edlen\u00ed) a rozhodn\u011b ho nelze p\u0159ejmenovat (lze vytvo\u0159it hardlink, ale o tom velmi m\u00e1lo lid\u00ed v\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p>Obecn\u011b mnoho lid\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 obsah. Jak\u00fd je jeho dal\u0161\u00ed osud? Obvykle ulo\u017een\u00e9 soubory kon\u010d\u00ed n\u011bkde na disku, v slo\u017ece typu Sta\u017een\u00e9, v celkov\u00e9m chaotick\u00e9m hromad\u011b, a le\u017e\u00ed tam spolu s mnoha tis\u00edci dal\u0161\u00edch soubor\u016f. To je \u0161patn\u011b \u2013 a to \u0161patn\u011b prim\u00e1rn\u011b pro samotn\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele. Pokud internet disponuje vyhled\u00e1vac\u00edmi stroji, lok\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d u\u017eivatele nic podobn\u00e9ho nem\u00e1. Dob\u0159e, pokud je u\u017eivatel pe\u010dliv\u00fd a zvykl\u00fd t\u0159\u00eddit \u201ep\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed\u201c sta\u017een\u00e9 soubory. Ale rozhodn\u011b ne v\u0161ichni takov\u00ed jsou...<\/p>\n<p>Vlastn\u011b existuje mnoho t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed nic neukl\u00e1daj\u00ed a zcela se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na online. Ale v p2p s\u00edt\u00edch se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee obsah je ulo\u017een m\u00edstn\u011b na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed u\u017eivatele a sd\u00edlen s ostatn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky. Lze naj\u00edt takov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by umo\u017enilo zapojit ob\u011b kategorie u\u017eivatel\u016f do decentralizovan\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, ani\u017e by se m\u011bnily jejich zvyky, a nav\u00edc \u2013 uleh\u010dilo by jim \u017eivot? <\/p>\n<p>My\u0161lenka je celkem jednoduch\u00e1: co kdybychom vytvo\u0159ili n\u00e1stroj pro pohodln\u00e9 a transparentn\u00ed ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho internetu, a to inteligentn\u011b \u2014 se s\u00e9mantick\u00fdmi metainformacemi, a ne do jedn\u00e9 hromady, ale do ur\u010dit\u00e9 struktury s mo\u017enost\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho strukturov\u00e1n\u00ed, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 distribuovali ulo\u017een\u00fd obsah do decentralizovan\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b? <\/p>\n<h1>Za\u010dn\u011bme s ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm<\/h1>\n<p>\nNebudeme se zab\u00fdvat utilit\u00e1rn\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00edm internetu pro prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed nebo letov\u00fdch \u0159\u00e1d\u016f. V\u00edce n\u00e1s zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00e9 a v\u00edce m\u00e9n\u011b nem\u011bnn\u00e9 objekty \u2014 \u010dl\u00e1nky (po\u010d\u00ednaje tweetem\/p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch a kon\u010de obs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nky, jak\u00e9 najdete zde na Habr), knihy, obr\u00e1zky, programy, audio a video z\u00e1znamy. Odkud se v\u011bt\u0161inou informace berou? Obvykle to jsou<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b (r\u016fzn\u00e9 novinky, kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky \u2014 \u201etweety\u201c, obr\u00e1zky, audio a video)<\/li>\n<li>\u010dl\u00e1nky na tematick\u00fdch serverech (jako je Habr); dobr\u00fdch zdroj\u016f nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho, v\u011bt\u0161inou jsou tyto zdroje tak\u00e9 postaveny na principu soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>zpravodajsk\u00e9 weby<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nObvykle tam najdeme standardn\u00ed funkce: \u201el\u00edb\u00ed se mi\u201c, \u201esd\u00edlet\u201c, \u201esd\u00edlet na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti\u201c atd.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edstavme si n\u011bjak\u00fd <b>prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010dov\u00fd plugin<\/b>, kter\u00fd bude speci\u00e1ln\u011b ukl\u00e1dat v\u0161e, co jsme ozna\u010dili jako \u201el\u00edb\u00ed se mi\u201c, ud\u011blali repost, ulo\u017eili do \u201eobl\u00edben\u00fdch\u201c (nebo stiskli speci\u00e1ln\u00ed tla\u010d\u00edtko pluginu, kter\u00e9 se zobraz\u00ed v menu prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de \u2014 pro p\u0159\u00edpad, \u017ee web nem\u00e1 funkci \u201el\u00edb\u00ed se mi\u201c\/repostu\/\u00falo\u017een\u00ed do z\u00e1lo\u017eek). Hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenka spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee jednodu\u0161e d\u00e1te \u201elike\u201c \u2014 jako jste milionkr\u00e1t ud\u011blali p\u0159edt\u00edm, a syst\u00e9m ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u010dl\u00e1nek, obr\u00e1zek nebo video do speci\u00e1ln\u00edho offline \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b a tento \u010dl\u00e1nek nebo obr\u00e1zek se st\u00e1v\u00e1 dostupn\u00fdm \u2014 jak pro offline prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm rozhran\u00ed decentralizovan\u00e9ho klienta, tak v samotn\u00e9 decentralizovan\u00e9 s\u00edti! Podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru velmi pohodln\u00e9. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 kroky a hned \u0159e\u0161\u00edme v\u00edcero \u00fakol\u016f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed cenn\u00e9ho obsahu, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zmizet nebo b\u00fdt odstran\u011bn<\/li>\n<li>rychl\u00e9 napln\u011bn\u00ed decentralizovan\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b<\/li>\n<li>agregace obsahu z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f (m\u016f\u017eete b\u00fdt registrov\u00e1ni na des\u00edtk\u00e1ch internetov\u00fdch server\u016f a v\u0161echny \u201elike\u201c\/reposty budou proudit do jedin\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze)<\/li>\n<li>structurace zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho v\u00e1m obsahu podle <b>va\u0161ich<\/b> pravidla<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nJe z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pro prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159izp\u016fsobeno struktu\u0159e ka\u017ed\u00e9ho webu (to je zcela re\u00e1ln\u00e9 \u2014 u\u017e v sou\u010dasnosti existuj\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu z YouTube, Twitteru, VK atd.). Web\u016f, kv\u016fli nim\u017e m\u00e1 smysl vytv\u00e1\u0159et osobn\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, nen\u00ed zase tolik. Obvykle se jedn\u00e1 o popul\u00e1rn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b (t\u011bch nen\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e deset) a je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik kvalitn\u00edch tematick\u00fdch str\u00e1nek, jako je Habra (takov\u00fdch je tak\u00e9 m\u00e1lo). P\u0159i otev\u0159en\u00e9m k\u00f3du a specifikaci by v\u00fdvoj nov\u00e9ho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u0161ablonov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy nem\u011bl zabrat moc \u010dasu. Pro ostatn\u00ed str\u00e1nky lze pou\u017e\u00edt univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed tla\u010d\u00edtko pro ulo\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by ulo\u017eilo celou str\u00e1nku do mhtml \u2014 mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159edt\u00edm by m\u011blo str\u00e1nku vy\u010distit od reklamy. <\/p>\n<h1>Te\u010f o strukturov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h1>\n<p>\nPod \u201echytr\u00fdm\u201c ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm ch\u00e1pu minim\u00e1ln\u011b ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s metainformacemi: zdroj obsahu (URL), sadu d\u0159\u00edve ud\u011blen\u00fdch lajk\u016f, \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f, koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f, jejich identifik\u00e1tory atd. P\u0159i oby\u010dejn\u00e9m ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se tyto informace ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed\u2026 Pod zdrojem m\u016f\u017ee rozum\u011bt nejen p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 URL, ale tak\u00e9 s\u00e9mantick\u00e1 slo\u017eka: nap\u0159\u00edklad skupina na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti nebo u\u017eivatel, kter\u00fd provedl repost. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u011b inteligentn\u00ed, aby tuto informaci vyu\u017eilo pro automatick\u00e9 strukturov\u00e1n\u00ed a tagov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 je t\u0159eba ch\u00e1pat, \u017ee u\u017eivatel m\u016f\u017ee v\u017edy p\u0159idat k ukl\u00e1dan\u00e9mu obsahu n\u011bjak\u00e9 metainformace, pro co\u017e je t\u0159eba poskytnout maxim\u00e1ln\u011b pohodln\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed (m\u00e1m mnoho n\u00e1pad\u016f, jak to ud\u011blat).<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se \u0159e\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka strukturov\u00e1n\u00ed a organizace lok\u00e1ln\u00edch soubor\u016f u\u017eivatele. To u\u017e je hotov\u00fd u\u017eitek, kter\u00fd lze vyu\u017e\u00edt i bez jak\u00e9hokoli p2p. Prost\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e1 offline datab\u00e1ze, kter\u00e1 v\u00ed, co, odkud a v jak\u00e9m kontextu jsme ulo\u017eili a kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e1d\u011bt mal\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy. Nap\u0159\u00edklad naj\u00edt u\u017eivatele extern\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed d\u00e1vali nejv\u00edce lajk\u016f pod stejn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky jako vy. Umo\u017e\u0148uje to v\u016fbec mnoho soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed v tomto ohledu?<\/p>\n<p>Je t\u0159eba zm\u00ednit, \u017ee samotn\u00fd prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010dov\u00fd plugin rozhodn\u011b nesta\u010d\u00ed. Druhou nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed syst\u00e9mu je slu\u017eba decentralizovan\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e1 b\u011b\u017e\u00ed na pozad\u00ed a obsluhuje jak samotnou p2p s\u00ed\u0165 (po\u017eadavky ze s\u00edt\u011b a po\u017eadavky ze strany klienta), tak i ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho obsahu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm pluginu. Slu\u017eba, pracuj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b s pluginem, um\u00edst\u00ed obsah na pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 m\u00edsto, vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 hash (a mo\u017en\u00e1 ur\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee takov\u00fd obsah byl ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve ulo\u017een), p\u0159id\u00e1 do m\u00edstn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 meta informace.<\/p>\n<p>Co je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u2014 syst\u00e9m by byl u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd i v t\u00e9to podob\u011b, bez jak\u00fdchkoli p2p. Mnoz\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed webov\u00e9 klipy, kter\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00fd obsah z webu nap\u0159\u00edklad do Evernote. Navrhovan\u00e1 architektura je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou variantou takov\u00e9ho klipru.<\/p>\n<h1>A nakonec, p2p v\u00fdm\u011bna<\/h1>\n<p>\nNejlep\u0161\u00ed na tom je, \u017ee informace a meta informace (jak ty zachycen\u00e9 z webu, tak i ty vlastn\u00ed) lze sd\u00edlet. Koncept soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b se skv\u011ble p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed na p2p architekturu. M\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 a p2p jako by byly stvo\u0159eny pro sebe navz\u00e1jem. Jak\u00e1koli decentralizovan\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 by m\u011bla b\u00fdt ide\u00e1ln\u011b postavena jako soci\u00e1ln\u00ed, jen tak to bude fungovat efektivn\u011b. \u201eP\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9\u201c, \u201eSkupiny\u201c \u2014 to jsou p\u0159ece ty sam\u00e9 uzly, se kter\u00fdmi by m\u011bly b\u00fdt stabiln\u00ed vazby, a ty vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho zdroje \u2014 spole\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Principy uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a sd\u00edlen\u00ed obsahu v decentralizovan\u00e9 s\u00edti jsou zcela toto\u017en\u00e9 s principy uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed (zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed) obsahu z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho internetu. Pokud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te n\u011bjak\u00fd obsah ze s\u00edt\u011b (a tedy jste jej ulo\u017eili), kdokoli m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvat va\u0161e zdroje (disk a kan\u00e1l), pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho obsahu.<\/p>\n<p><b>To se mi l\u00edb\u00ed <\/b> \u2014 nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a sd\u00edlen\u00ed. Pokud jsem dal \u201eto se mi l\u00edb\u00ed\u201c \u2014 nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, zda venkovn\u00edm internetu \u010di uvnit\u0159 decentralizovan\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b \u2014 znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee se mi obsah l\u00edb\u00ed, a pokud to tak je, jsem ochoten si jej uchovat lok\u00e1ln\u011b a sd\u00edlet ho s ostatn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky decentralizovan\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obsah se \u201enen\u00ed ztracen\u201c; nyn\u00ed je ulo\u017een u m\u011b lok\u00e1ln\u011b, budu se k n\u011bmu moci vr\u00e1tit pozd\u011bji, kdykoli, ani\u017e bych se ob\u00e1val, \u017ee jej n\u011bkdo odstran\u00ed nebo zablokuje.<\/li>\n<li>Mohu (hned nebo pozd\u011bji) kategorizovat, tagovat, komentovat, asociovat s dal\u0161\u00edm obsahem, celkov\u011b s n\u00edm ud\u011blat n\u011bco smyslupln\u00e9ho \u2014 nazv\u011bme to \u201etvorba meta informac\u00ed\u201c<\/li>\n<li>Mohu sd\u00edlet tyto meta informace s ostatn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky s\u00edt\u011b<\/li>\n<li>Mohu synchronizovat sv\u00e9 meta informace s meta informacemi ostatn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMo\u017en\u00e1 je logick\u00e9 se vzd\u00e1t dislike\u016f: pokud se mi obsah nel\u00edb\u00ed \u2014 je logick\u00e9, \u017ee nechci ztr\u00e1cet m\u00edsto na disku ani internet na distribuci tohoto obsahu. Proto dislike velmi organicky nezapadaj\u00ed do decentralizace (i kdy\u017e n\u011bkdy to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/openmedia.io\/news\/pryamaya-liniya-s-putinym-v-youtube-ne-nravitsya-nikomu\">to se ob\u010das st\u00e1v\u00e1 u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkdy je t\u0159eba uchovat i to, co se \"nel\u00edb\u00ed\". Existuje takov\u00e9 slovo \"mus\u00edm\" :)<br \/>\n\u201e<b>Z\u00e1lo\u017eky<\/b>\u00bb (nebo \u201eObl\u00edben\u00e9\u201c) \u2013 nevyjad\u0159uji n\u00e1zor na obsah, ale ukl\u00e1d\u00e1m ho do sv\u00e9 lok\u00e1ln\u00ed datab\u00e1ze z\u00e1lo\u017eek. Slovo \u201eobl\u00edben\u00e9\u201c (favorites) nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b v\u00fdsti\u017en\u00e9 (k tomu slou\u017e\u00ed lajky a jejich n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 kategorizace), zat\u00edmco \u201ez\u00e1lo\u017eky\u201c (bookmarks) jsou p\u0159esn\u00e9. Obsah ve \u201ez\u00e1lo\u017ek\u00e1ch\u201c je tak\u00e9 sd\u00edlen \u2013 pokud je pro v\u00e1s \u201epot\u0159ebn\u00fd\u201c (t.j. ho n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem \u201epou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te\u201c), je logick\u00e9, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u201epot\u0159ebn\u00fd\u201c i n\u011bkomu jin\u00e9mu. Pro\u010d nevyu\u017e\u00edt va\u0161e zdroje k tomu?<\/p>\n<p>Dostate\u010dn\u011b z\u0159ejm\u00e1 funkce \u201e<b>p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9<\/b>\u201e. Jsou to setk\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed se podobn\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmy, a tedy t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b naleznou zaj\u00edmav\u00fd obsah. V decentralizovan\u00e9 s\u00edti to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm znamen\u00e1 p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed k informa\u010dn\u00edmu kan\u00e1lu od p\u0159\u00e1tel a p\u0159\u00edstup k jejich katalog\u016fm (alba) se zachovan\u00fdm obsahem.<\/p>\n<p>Podobn\u011b funkce \u201e<b>skupiny<\/b>\u201c \u2013 jak\u00e9si kolektivn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly, nebo f\u00f3ra, nebo n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho, na co se tak\u00e9 lze p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit \u2013 a tedy p\u0159ij\u00edmat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly skupiny a sd\u00edlet je. Mo\u017en\u00e1 by m\u011bly b\u00fdt \u201eskupiny\u201c, podobn\u011b jako velk\u00e1 f\u00f3ra, hierarchick\u00e9 \u2013 to by umo\u017enilo l\u00e9pe strukturovat obsah skupin a omezit tok informac\u00ed a nep\u0159ij\u00edmat\/neposkytovat to, co nen\u00ed pro v\u00e1s p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h1>V\u0161echno ostatn\u00ed<\/h1>\n<p>\nJe t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee decentralizovan\u00e1 architektura je v\u017edy slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e centralizovan\u00e1. V centralizovan\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch panuje rigidn\u00ed dikt\u00e1t serverov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. V decentralizovan\u00fdch je pot\u0159eba se dohodnout mezi mnoha rovn\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se zde neobejdeme bez kryptografie, blockchain\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch technologick\u00fdch pokrok\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vyvinuty pro kryptom\u011bny. <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1m, \u017ee budou pot\u0159eba ur\u010dit\u00e9 kryptografick\u00e9 vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry, vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky s\u00edt\u011b navz\u00e1jem. Architektura by m\u011bla efektivn\u011b bojovat s botnety, kter\u00e9, existuj\u00edc\u00ed v n\u011bjak\u00e9m cloudu, mohou nap\u0159\u00edklad navz\u00e1jem manipulovat sv\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed. Velmi bych si p\u0159\u00e1l, aby korporace a farmy botnet\u016f, navzdory sv\u00e9mu technologick\u00e9mu p\u0159evahu, nez\u00edskaly kontrolu nad takovou decentralizovanou s\u00edt\u00ed; aby jej\u00edm hlavn\u00edm zdrojem byli \u017eiv\u00ed lid\u00e9, schopn\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bt a strukturovat obsah zaj\u00edmav\u00fd a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd pro ostatn\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e9 lidi.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u00e9 bych cht\u011bl, aby takov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 posouvala civilizaci k pokroku. Na to m\u00e1m celou \u0159adu n\u00e1pad\u016f, kter\u00e9 se ov\u0161em nevejdou do r\u00e1mce tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku. \u0158eknu jen, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem by m\u011bl m\u00edt v\u011bdeck\u00fd, technick\u00fd, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd a podobn\u00fd obsah p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed z\u00e1bavn\u00fdm, co\u017e si vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 ur\u010ditou m\u00edru moderace. Sama moderace decentralizovan\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b je netrivi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fakol, ale \u0159e\u0161iteln\u00fd (i kdy\u017e slovo \u201emoderace\u201c zde nen\u00ed v\u016fbec spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a \u00fapln\u011b nenapl\u0148uje podstatu procesu - ani z vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho, ani z vnit\u0159n\u00edho pohledu... a j\u00e1 bych ani nevymyslel, jak by se dalo tento proces nazvat). <\/p>\n<p>Snad bude zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 zmi\u0148ovat pot\u0159ebu zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed anonymity - jak integrovan\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky (jako v i2p nebo Retroshare), tak proch\u00e1zen\u00edm ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho provozu p\u0159es TOR nebo <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"90\">VPN<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>A kone\u010dn\u011b, softwarov\u00e1 architektura (sch\u00e9maticky zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00e1 na obr\u00e1zku \u010dl\u00e1nku). Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, prvn\u00edm komponentem syst\u00e9mu je prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010dov\u00fd plugin, kter\u00fd zachycuje obsah s metainformacemi. Druh\u00fdm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm komponentem je p2p slu\u017eba funguj\u00edc\u00ed na pozad\u00ed (\u201ebackend\u201c). Pr\u00e1ce s\u00edt\u011b nesm\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b z\u00e1viset na tom, zda je prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d spu\u0161t\u011bn nebo ne. T\u0159et\u00edm komponentem je klientsk\u00fd software \u2014 frontend. To m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i m\u00edstn\u00ed webov\u00e1 slu\u017eba (v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude m\u00edt u\u017eivatel mo\u017enost pracovat s decentralizovanou s\u00edt\u00ed, ani\u017e by opustil sv\u016fj obl\u00edben\u00fd prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d), nebo samostatn\u00e1 GUI aplikace pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m (Windows, Linux, MacOS, Android, iOS atd.). L\u00edb\u00ed se mi my\u0161lenka sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho existov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech variant frontendu. To z\u00e1rove\u0148 vy\u017eaduje p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed architekturu backendu.<\/p>\n<p>Existuje tak\u00e9 spousta aspekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 se do tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku nedostaly. P\u0159ipojen\u00ed k rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00edch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 (tj. kdy\u017e u\u017e m\u00e1te p\u00e1r terabajt\u016f sta\u017een\u00e9ho obsahu a umo\u017en\u00edte klientovi skenovat toto, z\u00edskat hash a porovnat je s t\u00edm, co je uvnit\u0159 s\u00edt\u011b a p\u0159ipojit se k rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 z\u00edskat z s\u00edt\u011b metainformace o sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch souborech \u2014 norm\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1zvy, popisy, hodnocen\u00ed, recenze atd.), p\u0159ipojen\u00ed extern\u00edch zdroj\u016f metainformac\u00ed (jako nap\u0159\u00edklad datab\u00e1ze Libgen), voliteln\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed diskov\u00e9ho prostoru pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ciz\u00edho \u0161ifrovan\u00e9ho obsahu (jako ve Freenet), architektura integrace s existuj\u00edc\u00edmi decentralizovan\u00fdmi s\u00edt\u011bmi (tady je to \u00fapln\u011b temn\u00fd les), my\u0161lenka medi\u00e1ln\u00edho hashov\u00e1n\u00ed (vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch percep\u010dn\u00edch hash\u016f pro medi\u00e1ln\u00ed obsah \u2014 obr\u00e1zky, zvuk a video, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed porovn\u00e1vat stejn\u00e9 smyslov\u011b p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed soubory, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed velikost\u00ed, rozli\u0161en\u00edm atd.) a mnohem v\u00edce.<\/p>\n<h1>Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/h1>\n<p>\n1. V decentralizovan\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch neexistuje Google se sv\u00fdm vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm a hodnocen\u00edm \u2014 ale existuje Komunita skute\u010dn\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 se sv\u00fdmi mechanismy zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby (lajky, sd\u00edlen\u00ed\u2026) a soci\u00e1ln\u00edm grafem (p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, komunity\u2026) je ide\u00e1ln\u00edm modelem aplika\u010dn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b pro decentralizovanou s\u00ed\u0165.<br \/>\n2. Hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenka, kterou touto \u010dl\u00e1nkem p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1m, je automatick\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho obsahu z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho internetu p\u0159i likov\u00e1n\u00ed\/repostu; to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 i bez p2p, jen veden\u00ed osobn\u00edho archivu zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<br \/>\n3. Tento obsah m\u016f\u017ee z\u00e1rove\u0148 automaticky napl\u0148ovat decentralizovanou s\u00ed\u0165.<br \/>\n4. Princip automatick\u00e9ho ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho obsahu funguje i p\u0159i likov\u00e1n\u00ed\/repostech v samotn\u00e9 decentralizovan\u00e9 s\u00edti.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/482912\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433 \u2014 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0412\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 2000 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u2014 \u0421\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":54869,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 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