{"id":54924,"date":"2020-01-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-07T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/predlozhen-metod-opredeleniya-kollizij-v-sha-1-prigodnyj-dlya-ataki-na-pgp"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:02:59","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:02:59","slug":"predlozhen-metod-opredeleniya-kollizij-v-sha-1-prigodnyj-dlya-ataki-na-pgp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/predlozhen-metod-opredeleniya-kollizij-v-sha-1-prigodnyj-dlya-ataki-na-pgp","title":{"rendered":"Byla navr\u017eena metoda ur\u010den\u00ed koliz\u00ed v SHA-1, vhodn\u00e1 pro \u00fatok na PGP","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z francouzsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edho institutu pro v\u00fdzkum informatiky a automatizace (INRIA) a Nanyangsk\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 univerzity (Singapur) p\u0159edstavili metodu \u00fatoku <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sha-mbles.github.io\/\">Shambles<\/a><\/noindex> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2020\/014.pdf\">PDF<\/a><\/noindex>), kter\u00e1 je prezentov\u00e1na jako prvn\u00ed praktick\u00e1 implementace \u00fatoku na algoritmus SHA-1, co\u017e lze vyu\u017e\u00edt k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fdch digit\u00e1ln\u00edch podpis\u016f PGP a GnuPG. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee nyn\u00ed lze v\u0161echny praktick\u00e9 \u00fatoky na MD5 vyu\u017e\u00edt i na SHA-1, i kdy\u017e zat\u00edm st\u00e1le vy\u017eaduj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 zdroje k proveden\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Metoda je zalo\u017eena na prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0#%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC\">kolizn\u00edho \u00fatoku s dan\u00fdm prefixem<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje pro dv\u011b libovoln\u00e9 mno\u017einy dat vybrat dodatky, p\u0159i jejich\u017e p\u0159ipojen\u00ed se na v\u00fdstupu z\u00edskaj\u00ed kolizn\u00ed mno\u017einy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed algoritmu SHA-1 povede k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho hash. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pro dva existuj\u00edc\u00ed dokumenty lze vypo\u010d\u00edtat dva dodatky, a pokud jeden p\u0159ipoj\u00edte k prvn\u00edmu dokumentu a druh\u00fd k druh\u00e9mu \u2014 v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 hashe SHA-1 pro tyto soubory budou shodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Nov\u00e1 metoda se od d\u0159\u00edve navrhovan\u00fdch podobn\u00fdch technik li\u0161\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm efektivity hled\u00e1n\u00ed koliz\u00ed a demonstruje praktickou aplikaci pro \u00fatok na PGP. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016fm poda\u0159ilo p\u0159ipravit dva otev\u0159en\u00e9 PGP kl\u00ed\u010de r\u016fzn\u00fdch velikost\u00ed (RSA-8192 a RSA-6144) s odli\u0161n\u00fdmi identifik\u00e1tory u\u017eivatele a s certifik\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed kolize SHA-1. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sha-mbles.github.io\/bob.asc\">Prvn\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010d<\/a><\/noindex> obsahoval identifik\u00e1tor ob\u011bti, zat\u00edmco <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sha-mbles.github.io\/alice.asc\">druh\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d<\/a><\/noindex> obsahoval jm\u00e9no a obr\u00e1zek \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka. D\u00edky nalezen\u00ed kolize m\u011bl identifika\u010dn\u00ed certifik\u00e1t, kter\u00fd zahrnoval kl\u00ed\u010d a obr\u00e1zek \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka, stejn\u00fd SHA-1 hash jako identifika\u010dn\u00ed certifik\u00e1t, kter\u00fd zahrnoval kl\u00ed\u010d a jm\u00e9no ob\u011bti. <\/p>\n<p>\u00dato\u010dn\u00edk mohl po\u017e\u00e1dat o digit\u00e1ln\u00ed podpis pro sv\u016fj kl\u00ed\u010d a obr\u00e1zek ve t\u0159et\u00edm certifika\u010dn\u00edm centru, pot\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e9st digit\u00e1ln\u00ed podpis pro kl\u00ed\u010d ob\u011bti. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed podpis z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 platn\u00fd d\u00edky kolizi a ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010de \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka certifika\u010dn\u00edm centrem, co\u017e \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edskat kontrolu i nad kl\u00ed\u010dem s jm\u00e9nem ob\u011bti (proto\u017ee SHA-1 hash pro oba kl\u00ed\u010de se shoduje). Nakonec se \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee vyd\u00e1vat za ob\u011b\u0165 a podepsat jak\u00fdkoli dokument jej\u00edm jm\u00e9nom.<\/p>\n<p>\u00datok zat\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00fd, ale u\u017e je to celkem \u00fanosn\u00e9 pro tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby a velk\u00e9 korporace. Pro jednoduch\u00e9 nalezen\u00ed kolize p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho GPU NVIDIA GTX 970 \u010dinily n\u00e1klady 11 tis\u00edc dolar\u016f, a pro nalezen\u00ed kolize se zadan\u00fdm prefixem \u2014 45 tis\u00edc dolar\u016f (pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 2012 byly n\u00e1klady na nalezen\u00ed kolize v SHA-1 odhadov\u00e1ny na 2 miliony dolar\u016f, a v roce 2015 \u2014 700 tis\u00edc). Pro proveden\u00ed praktick\u00e9ho \u00fatoku na PGP bylo pot\u0159eba dva m\u011bs\u00edce v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f s pou\u017eit\u00edm 900 GPU NVIDIA GTX 1060, jejich\u017e pron\u00e1jem st\u00e1l v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky 75 tis\u00edc dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Navrhovan\u00e1 metoda objevov\u00e1n\u00ed koliz\u00ed je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10kr\u00e1t efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy \u2014 \u00farove\u0148 slo\u017eitosti v\u00fdpo\u010dtu kolize se poda\u0159ilo sn\u00ed\u017eit na 261,2 operac\u00ed, m\u00edsto 264,7, a kolize se zadan\u00fdm prefixem na 263,4 operac\u00ed m\u00edsto 267,1. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci doporu\u010duj\u00ed co nejd\u0159\u00edve p\u0159ej\u00edt z SHA-1 na pou\u017eit\u00ed SHA-256 nebo SHA-3, proto\u017ee podle jejich predikc\u00ed v roce 2025 cena proveden\u00ed \u00fatoku klesne na 10 tis\u00edc dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i GnuPG byli o probl\u00e9mu informov\u00e1ni 1. \u0159\u00edjna (CVE-2019-14855) a 25. listopadu ve vyd\u00e1n\u00ed GnuPG 2.2.18 podnikli kroky k zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed problematick\u00fdch certifik\u00e1t\u016f \u2014 v\u0161echny digit\u00e1ln\u011b identifikuj\u00edc\u00ed podpisy SHA-1 vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 po 19. lednu minul\u00e9ho roku jsou nyn\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za neplatn\u00e9. V CAcert, jednom z hlavn\u00edch certifika\u010dn\u00edch autorit pro kl\u00ed\u010de PGP, pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed p\u0159ej\u00edt na pou\u017eit\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hash funkc\u00ed pro certifikaci kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i OpenSSL v reakci na informace o nov\u00e9 metod\u011b \u00fatoku se rozhodli deaktivovat SHA-1 na navrhovan\u00e9 v\u00fdchoz\u00ed \u00farovni zabezpe\u010den\u00ed (SHA-1 nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt pro certifik\u00e1ty a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed podpisy b\u011bhem vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52149\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 (INRIA) \u0438 \u041d\u0430\u043d\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0440) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 Shambles (PDF), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c SHA-1, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 PGP \u0438 GnuPG. \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043f\u0440\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 MD5 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 (INRIA) \u0438 \u041d\u0430\u043d\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0440) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/predlozhen-metod-opredeleniya-kollizij-v-sha-1-prigodnyj-dlya-ataki-na-pgp\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0439 \u0432 SHA-1, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 PGP | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 (INRIA) \u0438 \u041d\u0430\u043d\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0440) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/predlozhen-metod-opredeleniya-kollizij-v-sha-1-prigodnyj-dlya-ataki-na-pgp\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-01-07T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-18T11:02:59+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Navr\u017een\u00e1 metoda detekce koliz\u00ed v SHA-1, vhodn\u00e1 pro \u00fatok na PGP | ProHoster","description":"V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z francouzsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edho institutu pro v\u00fdzkum informatiky a automatizace (INRIA) a Nanyangsk\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 univerzity (Singapur) p\u0159edstavili metodu \u00fatoku","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/predlozhen-metod-opredeleniya-kollizij-v-sha-1-prigodnyj-dlya-ataki-na-pgp","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0439 \u0432 SHA-1, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 PGP | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 (INRIA) \u0438 \u041d\u0430\u043d\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0440) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/predlozhen-metod-opredeleniya-kollizij-v-sha-1-prigodnyj-dlya-ataki-na-pgp","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-01-07T21:00:00+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-02-18T11:02:59+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"54924","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-24 13:11:22","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 18:23:15","updated":"2026-01-24 13:11:22","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54924","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54924"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54924\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}