{"id":55018,"date":"2020-01-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:05","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:05","slug":"linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","title":{"rendered":"Linus Torvalds objasnil, jak\u00e9 probl\u00e9my existuj\u00ed s implementac\u00ed ZFS pro j\u00e1dro Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u011bhem diskuze test\u016f<\/a><\/noindex> pl\u00e1nova\u010de \u00faloh, jeden z \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f diskuse uvedl p\u0159\u00edklad toho, \u017ee p\u0159esto\u017ee byly u\u010din\u011bny prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o nutnosti zachov\u00e1n\u00ed kompatibility p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji j\u00e1dra Linux, ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 zm\u011bny v j\u00e1d\u0159e naru\u0161ily spr\u00e1vnou funkci modulu «ZFS na Linuxu<\/a><\/noindex>«. Linus Torvalds odpov\u011bd\u011bl<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee princip «neporu\u0161ovat<\/a><\/noindex> u\u017eivatel\u016f<\/a><\/noindex>» se vztahuje na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rozhran\u00ed j\u00e1dra pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch aplikacemi ve u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru, stejn\u011b jako samotn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra. Ale nezahrnuje samostatn\u011b vyv\u00edjen\u00e9 extern\u00ed nadstavby nad j\u00e1drem, kter\u00e9 nejsou schv\u00e1leny pro hlavn\u00ed slo\u017eku j\u00e1dra, jejich\u017e auto\u0159i na vlastn\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed mus\u00ed sami sledovat zm\u011bny v j\u00e1d\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o projekt «ZFS on Linux», Linus nedoporu\u010dil pou\u017e\u00edvat modul zfs kv\u016fli nekompatibilit\u011b licenc\u00ed CDDL a GPLv2. Situace je takov\u00e1, \u017ee kv\u016fli licen\u010dn\u00ed politice spole\u010dnosti Oracle jsou \u0161ance, \u017ee ZFS se n\u011bkdy dostane do hlavn\u00ed slo\u017eky j\u00e1dra, velmi mal\u00e9. Navrhovan\u00e9 obran\u00e9 prost\u0159edky proti licen\u010dn\u00ed nekompatibilit\u011b, kter\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k funkc\u00edm j\u00e1dra pro extern\u00ed k\u00f3d, jsou sporn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm \u2014 pr\u00e1vn\u00edci pokra\u010duj\u00ed diskutuj\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> o tom, zda reexportov\u00e1n\u00ed funkc\u00ed GPL j\u00e1dra skrze ob\u00e1lky vytvo\u0159\u00ed odvozen\u00e9 d\u00edlo, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dod\u00e1v\u00e1no pod licenc\u00ed GPL.<\/p>\n

Jedinou mo\u017enost\u00ed, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e by Linus souhlasil s p\u0159ijet\u00edm k\u00f3du ZFS do hlavn\u00edho j\u00e1dra, je z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho povolen\u00ed od spole\u010dnosti Oracle, kter\u00e9 je podepsan\u00e9 hlavn\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem, nebo l\u00e9pe samotn\u00fdm Larrym Ellisonem. Mezi\u010dinn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad vrstvy mezi j\u00e1drem a k\u00f3dem ZFS, nejsou p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e1 s ohledem na agresivn\u00ed politiku Oracle v oblasti du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed k programov\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm (nap\u0159\u00edklad soudn\u00ed spor<\/a><\/noindex> s Googlem ohledn\u011b Java API). Krom\u011b toho Linus pova\u017euje snahu o pou\u017eit\u00ed ZFS pouze za m\u00f3du, nikoliv za technick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. Testy v\u00fdkonnosti, kter\u00e9 Linus zkoumal, nepodporuj\u00ed ZFS, a nep\u0159\u00edtomnost plnohodnotn\u00e9 podpory nezaru\u010duje stabilitu v dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee k\u00f3d ZFS je distribuov\u00e1n pod svobodnou licenc\u00ed CDDL, kter\u00e1 je nekompatibiln\u00ed s GPLv2, co\u017e znemo\u017e\u0148uje integraci ZFS on Linux do hlavn\u00edho v\u011btve j\u00e1dra Linux, proto\u017ee m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du pod licenc\u00ed GPLv2 a CDDL nen\u00ed povoleno. Aby se tento licen\u010dn\u00ed konflikt obej\u00edt, bylo rozhodnuto projektem «ZFS on Linux» distribuovat produkt kompletn\u011b pod licenc\u00ed CDDL jako samostatn\u011b na\u010ditateln\u00fd modul, kter\u00fd se dod\u00e1v\u00e1 odd\u011blen\u011b od j\u00e1dra. <\/p>\n

Mo\u017enost distribuce hotov\u00e9ho modulu ZFS jako sou\u010d\u00e1sti distribuc\u00ed vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 spory mezi pr\u00e1vn\u00edky. Pr\u00e1vn\u00edci organizace Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) pova\u017euj\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee dod\u00e1n\u00ed bin\u00e1rn\u00edho modulu j\u00e1dra v distribuci vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kombinovan\u00fd produkt s GPL, s po\u017eadavkem na \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed kone\u010dn\u00e9ho d\u00edla pod GPL. Pr\u00e1vn\u00edci spole\u010dnosti Canonical nesouhlas\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> a tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee dod\u00e1n\u00ed modulu ZFS je povoleno, pokud je komponent dod\u00e1v\u00e1n jako samostatn\u00fd modul, odd\u011blen\u011b od bal\u00ed\u010dku s j\u00e1drem. Canonical poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee distribuce ji\u017e dlouho pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed podobn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup pro dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed propriet\u00e1rn\u00edch ovlada\u010d\u016f, jako jsou ovlada\u010de NVIDIA. <\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 strana p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed protiargument, \u017ee probl\u00e9m kompatibility s j\u00e1drem v propriet\u00e1rn\u00edch ovlada\u010d\u00edch je \u0159e\u0161en dod\u00e1n\u00edm mal\u00e9 mezivrstvy, kter\u00e1 je \u0161\u00ed\u0159ena pod licenc\u00ed GPL (do j\u00e1dra se na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 modul pod licenc\u00ed GPL, kter\u00fd ji\u017e na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed komponenty). Pro ZFS je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ipravit takovou mezivrstvu pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poskytnut\u00ed licen\u010dn\u00edch v\u00fdjimek od spole\u010dnosti Oracle. V Oracle Linux je nekompatibilita s GPL \u0159e\u0161ena dod\u00e1n\u00edm licen\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdjimky od spole\u010dnosti Oracle, kter\u00e1 odstra\u0148uje po\u017eadavek na licencov\u00e1n\u00ed kombinovan\u00e9ho d\u00edla pod CDDL, ale tato v\u00fdjimka se nevztahuje na jin\u00e9 distribuce. <\/p>\n

Obejit\u00edm je dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pouze zdrojov\u00fdch text\u016f modulu v distribuci, kter\u00e9 nevedou k propojov\u00e1n\u00ed a jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za dod\u00e1n\u00ed dvou samostatn\u00fdch produkt\u016f. V Debianu je k tomu pou\u017eit syst\u00e9m DKMS (Dynamic Kernel Module Support), p\u0159i kter\u00e9m je modul dod\u00e1v\u00e1n ve zdrojov\u00fdch textech a sestavuje se na syst\u00e9mu u\u017eivatele, p\u0159\u00edmo po instalaci bal\u00ed\u010dku.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f «ZFS on Linux«. \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f «\u043d\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439» \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55018","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Linus Torvalds vysv\u011btlil, jak\u00e9 jsou probl\u00e9my s implementac\u00ed ZFS pro j\u00e1dro Linux | ProHoster","description":"B\u011bhem diskuse o testech pl\u00e1nova\u010de \u00faloh jeden z 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