{"id":55180,"date":"2020-01-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-13T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/richard-hemming-nesushhestvuyushhaya-glava-kak-my-znaem-chto-my-znaem-1-10-minuta-iz-40"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:16","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:16","slug":"richard-hemming-nesushhestvuyushhaya-glava-kak-my-znaem-chto-my-znaem-1-10-minuta-iz-40","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/richard-hemming-nesushhestvuyushhaya-glava-kak-my-znaem-chto-my-znaem-1-10-minuta-iz-40","title":{"rendered":"Richard Hamming. \"Neexistuj\u00edc\u00ed kapitola\": Jak v\u00edme, co v\u00edme (1-10 minuta ze 40)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"ZEjt5PerpeY\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/ZEjt5PerpeY\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\nTato p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka nebyla v rozvrhu, ale bylo nutn\u00e9 ji p\u0159idat, aby nevznikala mezera mezi lekcemi. P\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka se v podstat\u011b zam\u011b\u0159uje na to, jak v\u00edme to, co v\u00edme, pokud to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u00edme. Toto t\u00e9ma je star\u00e9 jako sv\u011bt - diskutuje se o n\u011bm posledn\u00ed 4000 let, pokud ne d\u00e9le. Ve filozofii byl pro jeho ozna\u010den\u00ed vytvo\u0159en speci\u00e1ln\u00ed term\u00edn \u2013 epistemologie, nebo v\u011bda o pozn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00e1d bych za\u010dal s primitivn\u00edmi kmeny d\u00e1vn\u00e9 minulosti. Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee v ka\u017ed\u00e9m z nich existoval m\u00fdtus o stvo\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011bta. Podle jednoho star\u00e9ho japonsk\u00e9ho pov\u011bry n\u011bkdo prom\u00edchal bl\u00e1to, z jeho\u017e c\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed se objevily ostrovy. Podobn\u00e9 m\u00fdty m\u011bly i jin\u00e9 n\u00e1rody: nap\u0159\u00edklad Izraelit\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee B\u016fh tvo\u0159il sv\u011bt \u0161est dn\u00ed, pot\u00e9 si odpo\u010dinul a dokon\u010dil stvo\u0159en\u00ed. V\u0161echny tyto m\u00fdty jsou podobn\u00e9 \u2013 i kdy\u017e jejich p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy jsou dost r\u016fznorod\u00e9, v\u0161echny se sna\u017e\u00ed vysv\u011btlit, pro\u010d tento sv\u011bt existuje. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup budu naz\u00fdvat teologick\u00fdm, proto\u017ee ne p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 jin\u00e1 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, ne\u017e \u017ee \u201eto se stalo v\u016fl\u00ed boh\u016f; ud\u011blali to, co pova\u017eovali za nutn\u00e9, a tak se sv\u011bt objevil.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>V obdob\u00ed kolem 6. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. za\u010dali filozofov\u00e9 antick\u00e9ho \u0158ecka kl\u00e1st konkr\u00e9tn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky \u2013 z \u010deho se tento sv\u011bt skl\u00e1d\u00e1, jak\u00e9 jsou jeho \u010d\u00e1sti, a pokusili se k nim p\u0159istupovat sp\u00ed\u0161e racion\u00e1ln\u011b ne\u017e teologicky. Jak je zn\u00e1mo, rozli\u0161ovali prvky: zemi, ohe\u0148, vodu a vzduch; m\u011bli tak\u00e9 mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch pojm\u016f a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, a pomalu, ale jist\u011b se to v\u0161echno prom\u011bnilo v na\u0161e modern\u00ed p\u0159edstavy o tom, co v\u00edme. P\u0159esto toto t\u00e9ma znepokojovalo lidi v pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u0161ech dob, a dokonce i sta\u0159\u00ed \u0158ekov\u00e9 se ptali, jak v\u011bd\u011bli to, co v\u011bd\u011bli.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nJak si pamatujete z na\u0161\u00ed diskuse o matematice, sta\u0159\u00ed \u0158ekov\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee geometrie, kterou se omezovala jejich matematika, byla spolehliv\u00fdm a zcela nesporn\u00fdm pozn\u00e1n\u00edm. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, jak uk\u00e1zal Maurice Klein, autor knihy \u201eMatematika. Ztr\u00e1ta jistoty\u201c, s \u010d\u00edm\u017e se v\u011bt\u0161ina matematik\u016f shoduje, v matematice neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pravda. Matematika poskytuje pouze konzistenci danou sady pravidel uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud zm\u011bn\u00edte tato pravidla nebo pou\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady, matematika bude zcela odli\u0161n\u00e1. Neexistuje absolutn\u00ed pravda, krom\u011b, snad, deseti p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed (pokud jste k\u0159es\u0165an), ale bohu\u017eel nic v souvislosti s p\u0159edm\u011btem na\u0161\u00ed diskuse. To je nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Ale je mo\u017en\u00e9 aplikovat n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy a dos\u00e1hnout r\u016fzn\u00fdch z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f. Descartes, zva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady mnoha p\u0159edchoz\u00edch filozof\u016f, ud\u011blal krok zp\u011bt a polo\u017eil ot\u00e1zku: \u201eV jak m\u00e1lo jsem si mohl b\u00fdt jist\u00fd?\u201c; v reakci zvolil tvrzen\u00ed \u201eMysl\u00edm, tedy jsem\u201c. Z tohoto tvrzen\u00ed se pokusil odvodit filozofii a z\u00edskat spoustu znalost\u00ed. Tato filozofie v\u0161ak nebyla dostate\u010dn\u011b od\u016fvodn\u011bna, tak\u017ee jsme se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed nedo\u010dkali. Kant tvrdil, \u017ee se v\u0161ichni rod\u00edme s pevn\u00fdm znalostn\u00edm z\u00e1kladem euklidovsk\u00e9 geometrie a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee existuje vrozen\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je d\u00e1no, pokud chcete, Bohem. Bohu\u017eel, v okam\u017eiku, kdy Kant popisoval sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky, matematici za\u010d\u00ednali vytv\u00e1\u0159et ne-euklidovsk\u00e9 geometrie, kter\u00e9 byly stejn\u011b konzistentn\u00ed jako jejich prototyp. V\u00edce ne\u017e to, Kant h\u00e1zel slova do v\u011btru, stejn\u011b jako t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se sna\u017eil uva\u017eovat o tom, jak v\u00ed, co v\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Toto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 t\u00e9ma, proto\u017ee v\u011bda je v\u017edy vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1na pro opory: \u010dasto sly\u0161\u00edme, \u017ee v\u011bda prok\u00e1zala to \u010di ono, dok\u00e1zala, \u017ee to bude tak a tak; v\u00edme toto, v\u00edme tamto \u2013 a v\u00edme to skute\u010dn\u011b? Jste si jisti? Chci se t\u011bmito ot\u00e1zkami zab\u00fdvat podrobn\u011bji. P\u0159ipome\u0148me pravidlo z biologie: ontogeneze opakuje fylogenezi. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj jedince, od oplodn\u011bn\u00e9ho vaj\u00ed\u010dka po studenta, schematicky opakuje cel\u00fd p\u0159edchoz\u00ed proces evoluce. V\u011bdci tedy tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee b\u011bhem v\u00fdvoje embrya se \u017eabern\u00ed \u0161t\u011brbiny objevuj\u00ed a znovu miz\u00ed, a proto p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee na\u0161i d\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9 byli rybami.<\/p>\n<p>Zn\u00ed to hezky, pokud nad t\u00edm p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nep\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edme. D\u00e1v\u00e1 to docela dobr\u00e9 porozum\u011bn\u00ed tomu, jak prob\u00edh\u00e1 evoluce, pokud tomu v\u011b\u0159\u00edme. Ale p\u016fjdu o trochu d\u00e1l a zept\u00e1m se: Jak se d\u011bti u\u010d\u00ed? Jak z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed znalosti? Mo\u017en\u00e1 se rod\u00ed s p\u0159edur\u010den\u00fdm v\u011bd\u011bn\u00edm, ale to zn\u00ed trochu nep\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b. Up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, velmi nep\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee, co d\u011blaj\u00ed d\u011bti? Maj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 instinkty, podle kter\u00fdch za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed vyd\u00e1vat zvuky. Vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u0161echny tyto zvuky, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto naz\u00fdv\u00e1me babbling, a tento babbling se patrn\u011b neli\u0161\u00ed podle m\u00edsta narozen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte \u2013 v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, Rusku, Anglii nebo Americe budou d\u011bti v\u011bt\u0161inou bublat stejn\u011b. P\u0159esto se v z\u00e1vislosti na zemi bude babbling vyv\u00edjet r\u016fzn\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e rusk\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b vyslov\u00ed slovo \u201emama\u201c p\u00e1rkr\u00e1t, dostane pozitivn\u00ed odezvu a proto tyto zvuky opakuje. Zku\u0161enostmi zjist\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zvuky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho, a kter\u00e9 ne, a tak se u\u010d\u00ed spoust\u011b v\u011bc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1m to, co jsem u\u017e n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t \u0159\u00edkal \u2013 ve slovn\u00edku nen\u00ed prvn\u00ed slovo; ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo je definov\u00e1no prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jin\u00fdch, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee slovn\u00edk je kruhov\u00fd. Stejn\u011b tak, kdy\u017e se d\u00edt\u011b pokou\u0161\u00ed sestavit souvislou posloupnost v\u011bc\u00ed, m\u00e1 pot\u00ed\u017ee, \u010del\u00ed nesrovnalostem, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed vy\u0159e\u0161it, proto\u017ee neexistuje prvn\u00ed v\u011bc, kterou by se d\u00edt\u011b mohlo nau\u010dit, a \u201emama\u201c nefunguje v\u017edy. Vznik\u00e1 zmatek, nap\u0159\u00edklad takov\u00fd, jak\u00fd nyn\u00ed uk\u00e1\u017eu. P\u0159ed v\u00e1mi je zn\u00e1m\u00fd americk\u00fd vtip:<\/p>\n<p>slova popul\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b (with pleasure to bear my cross, s radost\u00ed n\u00e9st sv\u016fj k\u0159\u00ed\u017e)<br \/>\na jak ho sly\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti (with pleasure the cross-eyed bear, s radost\u00ed kosol\u00e1ma medv\u011bd)<\/p>\n<p><i>(V ru\u0161tin\u011b: hudba-li\u0161ka\/sk\u0159\u00edp kola, j\u00e1 jisk\u0159iv\u00fd smaragd\/j\u00e1dra \u2013 \u010dist\u00fd smaragd, pokud chce\u0161 b\u00fd\u010d\u00ed slivky\/pokud chce\u0161 b\u00fdt \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd, sto\u0161l\u00e1pito hnozozad\/sto krok\u016f zp\u011bt.)<\/i><\/p>\n<p>I j\u00e1 jsem za\u017eil takov\u00e9 situace, ne v tomto konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, ale v m\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b je n\u011bkolik situac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bych mohl p\u0159ipomenout, kdy jsem si myslel, \u017ee \u010dtu a mluv\u00edm pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u011b, ale okol\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na moji rodi\u010de, ch\u00e1pali n\u011bco \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p>Zde m\u016f\u017eeme pozorovat v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 chyby a tak\u00e9 vid\u011bt, jak k nim doch\u00e1z\u00ed. D\u00edt\u011b se setk\u00e1v\u00e1 s nutnost\u00ed d\u011blat p\u0159edpoklady o tom, co jednotliv\u00e1 slova jazyka znamenaj\u00ed, a postupn\u011b se u\u010d\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 varianty. Opraven\u00ed takov\u00fdch chyb m\u016f\u017ee v\u0161ak trvat dlouho. Nen\u00ed jist\u00e9, \u017ee jsou \u00fapln\u011b opraveny ani te\u010f.<\/p>\n<p>M\u016f\u017eete se dostat velmi daleko bez porozum\u011bn\u00ed tomu, co d\u011bl\u00e1te. U\u017e jsem vypr\u00e1v\u011bl o sv\u00e9m kamar\u00e1dovi, doktoru matematick\u00fdch v\u011bd z Harvardsk\u00e9 univerzity. Kdy\u017e ukon\u010dil Harvard, \u0159ekl, \u017ee um\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edtat derivaci podle definice, ale ve skute\u010dnosti tomu nerozum\u00ed, jen v\u00ed, jak to prov\u00e9st. To plat\u00ed pro mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 d\u011bl\u00e1me. Pro j\u00edzdu na kole, skateboardu, plav\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bci nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, jak je vykon\u00e1vat. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee znalost je n\u011bco v\u00edc ne\u017e lze vyj\u00e1d\u0159it slovy. Nechci tvrdit, \u017ee neum\u00edte jezdit na kole, i kdy\u017e mi nebudete um\u011bt \u0159\u00edct, jak se to d\u011bl\u00e1, ale projedete kolem m\u011b na jednom kole. Tak\u017ee znalost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi r\u016fzn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Poj\u010fme shrnout to, co jsem \u0159\u00edkal. Jsou lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1me vrozen\u00e9 znalosti; pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1te na situaci celkov\u011b, mo\u017en\u00e1 s t\u00edm souhlas\u00edte, vezmeme-li jako p\u0159\u00edklad, \u017ee d\u011bti maj\u00ed vrozenou tendenci vyd\u00e1vat zvuky. Pokud se d\u00edt\u011b narod\u00ed v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, nau\u010d\u00ed se vyd\u00e1vat mnoho zvuk\u016f, aby dos\u00e1hlo toho, co chce. Pokud se narod\u00ed v Rusku, tak\u00e9 bude vyd\u00e1vat mnoho zvuk\u016f. Pokud se narod\u00ed v Americe, st\u00e1le bude vyd\u00e1vat mnoho zvuk\u016f. Samotn\u00fd jazyk zde nen\u00ed tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Na druhou stranu, d\u00edt\u011b m\u00e1 vrozenou schopnost nau\u010dit se jak\u00fdkoli jazyk, stejn\u011b jako jak\u00fdkoli jin\u00fd. Pamatuje si posloupnosti zvuk\u016f a ch\u00e1pe, co znamenaj\u00ed. Mus\u00ed do t\u011bchto zvuk\u016f vkl\u00e1dat smysl s\u00e1m, proto\u017ee neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st, kterou by si mohl zapamatovat. Uka\u017ete d\u00edt\u011bti kon\u011b a zeptejte se ho: \u201eJe slovo 'k\u016f\u0148' jm\u00e9nem kon\u011b? Nebo to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je \u010dty\u0159noh\u00fd? Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee to je jeho barva?\u201c Kdy\u017e se sna\u017e\u00edte d\u00edt\u011bti vysv\u011btlit, co je k\u016f\u0148, t\u00edm, \u017ee mu ho uk\u00e1\u017eete, d\u00edt\u011b na tuto ot\u00e1zku nedok\u00e1\u017ee odpov\u011bd\u011bt, ale to je to, co m\u00e1te na mysli. D\u00edt\u011b nebude v\u011bd\u011bt, do kter\u00e9 kategorie toto slovo za\u0159adit. Nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad vezm\u011bme sloveso \u201eb\u011b\u017eet\u201c. M\u016f\u017ee se pou\u017e\u00edt, kdy\u017e se pohybujete rychle, ale tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee po vypr\u00e1n\u00ed na ko\u0161ili b\u011b\u017eely barvy, nebo si st\u011b\u017eovat na sp\u011bchaj\u00edc\u00ed hodiny.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00edt\u011b se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s velk\u00fdmi obt\u00ed\u017eemi, ale d\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji naprav\u00ed sv\u00e9 chyby, kdy\u017e uzn\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bco ch\u00e1palo \u0161patn\u011b. S v\u011bkem se d\u011bti st\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b schopn\u00e9 toho, a kdy\u017e se dostanou do dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u011bku, u\u017e se nemohou m\u011bnit. Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee lid\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt v omylu. Vzpom\u00edn\u00e1te si nap\u0159\u00edklad na ty, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee jsou Napoleon? Nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, kolik d\u016fkaz\u016f takov\u00e9mu \u010dlov\u011bku p\u0159edlo\u017e\u00edte, \u017ee to nen\u00ed pravda \u2013 st\u00e1le v to bude v\u011b\u0159it. V\u00edte, existuje mnoho lid\u00ed s p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00edmi, kter\u00e1 nesd\u00edl\u00edte. Proto\u017ee m\u016f\u017eete pova\u017eovat, \u017ee jejich n\u00e1zory jsou bl\u00e1zniv\u00e9, mluvit o tom, \u017ee existuje bezchybn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak z\u00edskat nov\u00e9 znalosti, nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b pravda. Odpov\u00edte na to: \u201eAle v\u011bda je velmi p\u0159esn\u00e1!\u201c Pod\u00edvejme se na v\u011bdeckou metodu a zkontrolujme, zda je tomu tak.<\/p>\n<p><i>D\u011bkuji Sergeji Klimovovi za p\u0159eklad.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b\u2026<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Kdo chce pomoci s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/hamming.ru\/\">p\u0159eklady, sazbou a vyd\u00e1n\u00edm knihy<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 pi\u0161te do soukrom\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy nebo na e-mail magisterludi2016@yandex.ru<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Mimochodem, spustili jsme tak\u00e9 p\u0159eklad dal\u0161\u00ed skv\u011bl\u00e9 knihy \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/349916\/\">\u201eThe Dream Machine: Historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 revoluce\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>) <\/p>\n<p><b>Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 hled\u00e1me<\/b> ty, kdo pom\u016f\u017ee p\u0159elo\u017eit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZEjt5PerpeY&amp;list=PL2FF649D0C4407B30&amp;index=30\">bonusovou kapitolu, kter\u00e1 je pouze ve videu<\/a><\/noindex>. (<i>p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1me po 10 minut\u00e1ch, prvn\u00edch 20 u\u017e vzali<\/i>)<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">Obsah knihy a p\u0159elo\u017een\u00e9 kapitoly<\/b><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/345752\/\">\u00davod<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li> \u00davod do um\u011bn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho a in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed: U\u010den\u00ed se u\u010dit (28. b\u0159ezna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/348770\/\">P\u0159eklad: Kapitola 1<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> \u201eZ\u00e1klady digit\u00e1ln\u00ed (diskr\u00e9tn\u00ed) revoluce\u201c (30. b\u0159ezna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/345836\/\">Kapitola 2. Z\u00e1klady digit\u00e1ln\u00ed (diskr\u00e9tn\u00ed) revoluce<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li> \u201eHistorie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f \u2014 Hardware\u201c (31. b\u0159ezna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/349936\/\">Kapitola 3. Historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f \u2014 hardware<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li> \u201eHistorie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f \u2014 Software\u201c (4. dubna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/346566\/\">Kapitola 4. Historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f \u2014 software<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> \u201eHistorie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f \u2014 Aplikace\u201c (6. dubna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/351148\/\">Kapitola 5. Historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f \u2014 praktick\u00e9 aplikace<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> \u201eUm\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence \u2014 \u010c\u00e1st I\u201c (7. dubna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/351404\/\">Kapitola 6. Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence \u2014 I<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> \u201eUm\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence \u2014 \u010c\u00e1st II\u201c (11. dubna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/414265\/\">Kapitola 7. Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence \u2014 II<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li> \u201eUm\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence III\u201c (13. dubna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/349934\/\">Kapitola 8. Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence \u2014 III<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li> \u201eN-Dimenzion\u00e1ln\u00ed prostor\u201c (14. dubna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/348264\/\">Kapitola 9. N-rozm\u011brn\u00fd prostor<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li> \u201eTeorie k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2014 P\u0159edstavov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed, \u010c\u00e1st I\u201c (18. dubna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/417109\/\">Kapitola 10. Teorie k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2014 I<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li> \u201eTeorie k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2014 P\u0159edstavov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed, \u010c\u00e1st II\u201c (20. dubna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/354872\/\">Kapitola 11. Teorie k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2014 II<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> \u201eK\u00f3dy pro opravu chyb\u201c (21. dubna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/354864\/\">Kapitola 12. K\u00f3dy pro opravu chyb<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> \u201eTeorie informace\u201c (25. dubna 1995) <i>Hotovo, sta\u010d\u00ed publikovat<\/i><\/li>\n<li> \u201eDigit\u00e1ln\u00ed filtry, \u010d\u00e1st I\u201c (27. dubna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/348276\/\">Kapitola 14. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed filtry \u2014 1<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li> \u201eDigit\u00e1ln\u00ed filtry, \u010d\u00e1st II\u201c (28. dubna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/354878\/\">Kapitola 15. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed filtry \u2014 2<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li> \u201eDigit\u00e1ln\u00ed filtry, \u010d\u00e1st III\u201c (2. kv\u011btna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/354964\/\">Kapitola 16. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed filtry \u2014 3<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> \u201eDigit\u00e1ln\u00ed filtry, \u010d\u00e1st IV\u201c (4. kv\u011btna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/414927\/\">Kapitola 17. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed filtry \u2014 IV<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> \u201eSimulace, \u010d\u00e1st I\u201c (5. kv\u011btna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/415707\/\">Kapitola 18. Simulace \u2014 I<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li> \u201eSimulace, \u010d\u00e1st II\u201c (9. kv\u011btna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/346564\/\">Kapitola 19. Simulace \u2014 II<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li> \u201eSimulace, \u010d\u00e1st III\u201c (11. kv\u011btna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/420069\/\">Kapitola 20. Simulace \u2014 III<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> \u201eOptick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna\u201c (12. kv\u011btna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/413253\/\">Kapitola 21. Optick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li> \u201ePo\u010d\u00edta\u010dem podporovan\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c (16. kv\u011btna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/421293\/\">Kapitola 22. Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s pomoc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de (CAI)<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> \u201eMatematika\u201c (18. kv\u011btna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/346562\/\">Kapitola 23. Matematika<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li> \u201eKvantov\u00e1 mechanika\u201c (19. kv\u011btna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/345366\/\">Kapitola 24. Kvantov\u00e1 mechanika<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> \u201eKreativita\u201c (23. kv\u011btna 1995). P\u0159eklad: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/336846\/\">Kapitola 25. Kreativita<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li> \u201eOdborn\u00edci\u201c (25. kv\u011btna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/346560\/\">Kapitola 26. Odborn\u00edci<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li>\u201eNespolehliv\u00e1 data\u201c (26. kv\u011btna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/post\/413255\/\">Kapitola 27. Nespolehliv\u00e1 data<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> \u201eSyst\u00e9mov\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed\u201c (30. kv\u011btna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/346556\/\">Kapitola 28. Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> <\/li>\n<li> \u201eDost\u00e1v\u00e1te to, co m\u011b\u0159\u00edte\u201c (1. \u010dervna 1995) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/350144\/\">Kapitola 29. Dost\u00e1v\u00e1te to, co m\u011b\u0159\u00edte<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZEjt5PerpeY&amp;list=PL2FF649D0C4407B30&amp;index=30\">\u201eJak v\u00edme, co v\u00edme\u201c<\/a><\/noindex> (2. \u010dervna 1995) <i>p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1me po 10 minutov\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch<\/i> <\/li>\n<li>Hamming, \u201eVy a va\u0161e v\u00fdzkum\u201c (6. \u010dervna 1995). <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrahabr.ru\/post\/209100\/\">P\u0159eklad: Vy a va\u0161e pr\u00e1ce<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nKdo chce pomoci s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/hamming.ru\/\">p\u0159eklady, sazbou a vyd\u00e1n\u00edm knihy<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 pi\u0161te do soukrom\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy nebo na e-mail magisterludi2016@yandex.ru<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/426595\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u044b \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c. \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0438\u0440 \u2013 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 4000 \u043b\u0435\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435. \u0412 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0435\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u042d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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