{"id":55326,"date":"2020-01-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/mozhno-li-vzlomat-samolyot"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:26","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:26","slug":"mozhno-li-vzlomat-samolyot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mozhno-li-vzlomat-samolyot","title":{"rendered":"Je mo\u017en\u00e9 hacknout letadlo?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159i odletu na slu\u017eebn\u00ed cestu nebo na dovolenou jste se n\u011bkdy zamysleli nad t\u00edm, jak bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 je to v dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b digit\u00e1ln\u00edch hrozeb? N\u011bkter\u00e1 modern\u00ed letadla se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010di s k\u0159\u00eddly, proto\u017ee \u00farove\u0148 pronik\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed je tak vysok\u00e1. Jak se chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed hacky? Co mohou v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b podniknout piloti? Jak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9my mohou b\u00fdt ohro\u017eeny? O tom hovo\u0159il aktivn\u00ed pilot, kapit\u00e1n Boeing 737 s v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 tis\u00edci hodinami nal\u00e9tan\u00fdmi, ve sv\u00e9m kan\u00e1lu MenTour Pilot.<\/p>\n

\"Je<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee, hackov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f letadla. V posledn\u00edch letech se tento probl\u00e9m st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. Jak se letadla st\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce po\u010d\u00edta\u010dizovan\u00e1 a tak\u00e9 se zvy\u0161uje objem datov\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bny mezi nimi a pozemn\u00edmi slu\u017ebami, roste i pravd\u011bpodobnost pokus\u016f o r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fatoky ze strany \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f. V\u00fdrobci letadel o tom v\u011bd\u00ed u\u017e d\u00e1vno, ale d\u0159\u00edve n\u00e1m, pilot\u016fm, tyto informace nebyly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 sd\u011blov\u00e1ny. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b se zd\u00e1, \u017ee na korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00farovni se tyto ot\u00e1zky p\u0159ece jen \u0159e\u0161ily.<\/p>\n

Co se tam d\u011bje?..<\/h3>\n

\nU\u017e v roce 2015 ministerstvo vnit\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti USA zve\u0159ejnilo zpr\u00e1vu, \u017ee se jim poda\u0159ilo hacknout syst\u00e9my vlastn\u00edho Boeingu 757, kdy\u017e byl na zemi. P\u0159i hacku byly pou\u017eity \u0161iroce dostupn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e9st p\u0159es bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed kontrolu. Pronikli skrze syst\u00e9m r\u00e1diov\u00e9 komunikace. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neozn\u00e1mili, kter\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed syst\u00e9my se jim poda\u0159ilo hacknout. V podstat\u011b neodhalili v\u016fbec nic, krom\u011b toho, \u017ee z\u00edskali p\u0159\u00edstup k letadlu. <\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 v roce 2017 se objevil po\u017eadavek od nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho hackera Rubena Santamarty. Uvedl, \u017ee postavil mal\u00fd vys\u00edla\u010d a um\u00edstil ant\u00e9nu na dv\u016fr, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e se mu poda\u0159ilo proniknout do z\u00e1bavn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f letadel, kter\u00e1 mu nad hlavou prolet\u011bla.<\/p>\n

To v\u0161e n\u00e1s p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed k tomu, \u017ee n\u011bjak\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ece jen existuje. Co tedy mohou hacke\u0159i z\u00edskat a co ne? Abychom to pochopili, poj\u010fme se nejprve pod\u00edvat na to, jak funguj\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my letadel. Prvn\u00ed v\u011bc, kterou je t\u0159eba zm\u00ednit, je, \u017ee nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed letadla jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 i nejv\u00edce po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u011b vybaven\u00e1. Palubn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed prakticky v\u0161echny operace od polohov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch ploch (v\u0159eten, n\u00e1b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 hrany, klapky\u2026) a\u017e po zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed letov\u00fdch informac\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba pochopit, \u017ee v\u00fdrobci letadel si dob\u0159e uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed tuto konstruk\u010dn\u00ed vlastnost modern\u00edch stroj\u016f, tak\u017ee zakomponovali kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost do jejich n\u00e1vrhu. Syst\u00e9my, ke kter\u00fdm m\u00e1te p\u0159\u00edstup na op\u011brce sedadla p\u0159ed v\u00e1mi, a syst\u00e9my odm\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00ed let, jsou zcela odd\u011blen\u00e9. Jsou fyzicky rozd\u011bleny v prostoru, rozd\u011bleny na \u00farovni infrastruktury, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, r\u016fzn\u00e9 programovac\u00ed jazyky \u2014 zkr\u00e1tka, opravdu \u00fapln\u011b. To se d\u011bl\u00e1, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo jak\u00e9koli mo\u017enosti z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup k \u0159\u00eddic\u00edm syst\u00e9m\u016fm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm palubn\u00edho z\u00e1bavn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Tak\u017ee u modern\u00edch letadel to nem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat probl\u00e9m. Boeing, Airbus, Embraer si dob\u0159e uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed toto nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a neust\u00e1le pracuj\u00ed na tom, aby byly o krok vp\u0159ed p\u0159ed hackery.<\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1mka p\u0159ekladatele: Byly zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i Boeing 787 cht\u011bli p\u0159ece jen tyto syst\u00e9my fyzicky slou\u010dit a prov\u00e9st virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed. To by umo\u017enilo u\u0161et\u0159it v\u00e1hu (palubn\u00ed servery) a sn\u00ed\u017eit mno\u017estv\u00ed kabel\u00e1\u017ee. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b regula\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny odm\u00edtly p\u0159ijmout tento koncept a donutily zachovat \"tradici\" fyzick\u00e9ho odd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/i><\/p>\n

Celkov\u00fd obraz vypad\u00e1 o n\u011bco h\u016f\u0159e, pokud vezmeme v \u00favahu cel\u00fd spektrum leteck\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f. D\u00e9lka provozu letadla dosahuje 20-30 let. A pokud se ohl\u00e9dneme na po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 technologie p\u0159ed 20-30 lety, budou se radik\u00e1ln\u011b li\u0161it. Je to t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jako vid\u011bt kolem sebe dinosaury. Na letadlech jako 737, na kter\u00e9m l\u00e9t\u00e1m, nebo Airbus 320, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b existuj\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 nebyly tak d\u016fkladn\u011b navr\u017eeny s ohledem na odolnost v\u016f\u010di hacker\u016fm a kybernetick\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm. Ale je tu i sv\u011btl\u00e1 str\u00e1nka \u2014 nebyly tak po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 a integrovan\u00e9 jako modern\u00ed stroje. Tak\u017ee syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1me na 737 (o Airbusech nemohu mluvit, proto\u017ee je nezn\u00e1m), jsou prim\u00e1rn\u011b ur\u010deny pro p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed naviga\u010dn\u00edch dat. Nem\u00e1me elektronick\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (Fly-by-wire)<\/a><\/noindex>. Na na\u0161ich 737 je st\u00e1le kormidlo spojeno s ovl\u00e1dac\u00edmi plochami. Tak\u017ee ano, \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci mohou m\u00edt mo\u017enost ovlivnit aktualizaci dat na\u0161ich naviga\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad, ale velmi rychle si toho v\u0161imneme. <\/p>\n

Letadlo \u0159\u00edd\u00edme nejen na z\u00e1klad\u011b palubn\u00edho GPS, ale tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me tradi\u010dn\u00ed naviga\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, neust\u00e1le porovn\u00e1v\u00e1me data z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. Krom\u011b GPS zahrnuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 pozemn\u00ed r\u00e1diomaj\u00e1ky a vzd\u00e1lenosti k nim. Na palub\u011b m\u00e1me syst\u00e9m nazvan\u00fd IRS. V podstat\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o laserov\u00e9 gyroskopy, kter\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed data v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase a porovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed je s GPS. Tak\u017ee pokud by se n\u011bco stalo s jedn\u00edm z napaden\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, velmi rychle si toho v\u0161imneme a p\u0159epneme na jin\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Palubn\u00ed syst\u00e9my<\/h3>\n

\nJak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed c\u00edle pro \u00fatok v\u00e1s napadaj\u00ed? Prvn\u00ed a nejz\u0159ejm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je palubn\u00ed z\u00e1bavn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch aerolini\u00edch pr\u00e1v\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u011bj kupujete p\u0159\u00edstup k Wi-Fi, objedn\u00e1v\u00e1te j\u00eddlo atd. Tak\u00e9 samotn\u00e9 Wi-Fi na palub\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt c\u00edlem \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, v tomto ohledu se d\u00e1 p\u0159irovnat k jak\u00e9koli ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 hotspotu. Ur\u010dit\u011b v\u00edte, \u017ee pokud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b bez VPN, existuje riziko z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed va\u0161ich dat \u2014 osobn\u00edch informac\u00ed, fotografi\u00ed, ulo\u017een\u00fdch Wi-Fi hesel, stejn\u011b jako jak\u00fdchkoli dal\u0161\u00edch hesel, \u00fadaj\u016f o platebn\u00edch kart\u00e1ch a podobn\u011b. Zku\u0161en\u00fd hacker nebude m\u00edt probl\u00e9m dostat se k t\u011bmto informac\u00edm. <\/p>\n

\"Je
\n
\nSamotn\u00fd integrovan\u00fd z\u00e1bavn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se v tomto ohledu li\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee je to nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 souprava hardwarov\u00fdch komponent\u016f. A tyto po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, chci je\u0161t\u011b jednou p\u0159ipomenout, nejsou nijak spojeny a neinteraguj\u00ed s \u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi syst\u00e9mu letadla. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee hacknut\u00ed z\u00e1bavn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu nem\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u011b zaslat ozn\u00e1men\u00ed naprosto v\u0161em pasa\u017e\u00e9r\u016fm v kabin\u011b, informuj\u00edc\u00ed je nap\u0159\u00edklad o tom, \u017ee ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed letadla bylo p\u0159evzato. To zp\u016fsob\u00ed paniku. Nebo ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o probl\u00e9mech s letadlem, nebo jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 dezinformace. Bezpochyby to bude \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed a d\u011bsiv\u00e9, ale nijak to nebude nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Jakmile takov\u00e1 mo\u017enost potenci\u00e1ln\u011b existuje, v\u00fdrobci p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed v\u0161echna mo\u017en\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, instaluj\u00ed firewally a nezbytn\u00e9 protokoly k prevenci podobn\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f. <\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee, asi nejv\u00edce zraniteln\u00e9 jsou palubn\u00ed z\u00e1bavn\u00ed syst\u00e9m a Wi-Fi. P\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Wi-Fi obvykle poskytuje extern\u00ed oper\u00e1tor, nikoli samotn\u00e1 aerolinka. A pr\u00e1v\u011b on se star\u00e1 o kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost poskytovan\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bc, kter\u00e1 m\u011b napadne, jsou letov\u00e9 tablety pilot\u016f. Kdy\u017e jsem za\u010d\u00ednal l\u00e9tat, v\u0161echna na\u0161e p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky byla ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka pro obsluhu se v\u0161emi pravidly, pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi postupy, naviga\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka s trasami vzduchem pro p\u0159\u00edpad, \u017ee bychom je zapomn\u011bli, sch\u00e9mata navigace a p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed v oblasti leti\u0161t\u011b, mapy leti\u0161\u0165 - v\u0161echno bylo v pap\u00edrov\u00e9 podob\u011b. A pokud se n\u011bco m\u011bnilo, bylo nutn\u00e9 naj\u00edt spr\u00e1vnou str\u00e1nku, vytrhnout ji, nahradit ji aktualizovanou, ud\u011blat pozn\u00e1mku, \u017ee byla vym\u011bn\u011bna. Celkov\u011b hodn\u011b pr\u00e1ce. Tak\u017ee kdy\u017e jsme za\u010dali dost\u00e1vat letov\u00e9 tablety, bylo to prost\u011b \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9. Jedn\u00edm kliknut\u00edm bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 rychle st\u00e1hnout v\u0161echno, se v\u0161emi posledn\u00edmi aktualizacemi, kdykoli. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed, nov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny let\u016f - v\u0161echno mohlo b\u00fdt odesl\u00e1no na tablet.<\/p>\n

\"Je
\n
\nAle. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fakon, kdy se k n\u011b\u010demu p\u0159ipojujete, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed riziko proniknut\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed strany. Leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti jsou si v\u011bdomy situace, stejn\u011b jako leteck\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady. Proto n\u00e1m nen\u00ed dovoleno v\u0161echno d\u011blat elektronicky. Mus\u00edme m\u00edt pap\u00edrov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny let\u016f (tento po\u017eadavek se nav\u00edc li\u0161\u00ed podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch leteck\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed), tak\u00e9 mus\u00edme m\u00edt jejich z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed kopii. Krom\u011b toho nesm\u00edme za \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed instalovat cokoli krom\u011b schv\u00e1len\u00fdch a povolen\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed leteckou spole\u010dnost\u00ed na tablet. N\u011bkter\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed iPad, jin\u00e9 - za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u011b navr\u017een\u00e9 pro tento \u00fa\u010del (oba varianty maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody). V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je to v\u0161echno p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b kontrolov\u00e1no a piloti nemohou jakkoli zasahovat do fungov\u00e1n\u00ed tablet\u016f. To je prvn\u00ed. Druh\u00e9 - je n\u00e1m zak\u00e1z\u00e1no je k n\u011b\u010demu p\u0159ipojovat, kdy\u017e jsme ve vzduchu. My (v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v m\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti) se nem\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159ipojit k palubn\u00edmu Wi-Fi po vzletu. Nem\u016f\u017eeme ani pou\u017e\u00edvat vestav\u011bn\u00fd GPS p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d v iPadu. Jakmile zav\u0159eme dve\u0159e, p\u0159epneme tablety do re\u017eimu letu a od tohoto okam\u017eiku by nem\u011bla existovat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 mo\u017enost zasahov\u00e1n\u00ed do jejich \u010dinnosti. <\/p>\n

Pokud n\u011bkdo n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem naru\u0161\u00ed nebo zas\u00e1hne do \u010dinnosti cel\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, v\u0161imneme si toho po p\u0159ipojen\u00ed na zemi. A pak m\u016f\u017eeme zaj\u00edt do kabiny pos\u00e1dky na leti\u0161ti, vytisknout pap\u00edrov\u00e9 mapy a spol\u00e9hat se na n\u011b p\u0159i letu. Pokud n\u011bco bude s jedn\u00edm z tablet\u016f \u2014 m\u00e1me druh\u00fd. V nejhor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, pokud oba tablety nefunguj\u00ed, m\u00e1me v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u00fadaje pro let v palubn\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. Jak m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt, v t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 trojn\u00e1sobn\u00e1 preciznost p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho \u00fakolu.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 varianty \u2014 palubn\u00ed syst\u00e9my kontroly a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd naviga\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m a syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed letu. Op\u011bt, nemohu \u0159\u00edci nic o jin\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch, pouze o 737, na kter\u00e9m l\u00e9t\u00e1m s\u00e1m. A v jeho p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho hlediska \u2014 naviga\u010dn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze, kter\u00e1 obsahuje, jak n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, naviga\u010dn\u00ed informace a datab\u00e1ze zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu. Ty mohou podl\u00e9hat n\u011bjak\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i aktualizaci softwaru palubn\u00edho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrem, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nahr\u00e1n zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fd nebo po\u0161kozen\u00fd soubor. Ale to se rychle uk\u00e1\u017ee, proto\u017ee letadlo se neust\u00e1le samo kontroluje. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud motor sel\u017ee, vid\u00edme to. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nevzl\u00e9t\u00e1me a \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1me in\u017een\u00fdry o kontrolu. <\/p>\n

P\u0159i jak\u00e9koli poru\u0161e obdr\u017e\u00edme varovn\u00fd sign\u00e1l, \u017ee n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u00fadaje nebo sign\u00e1ly se neshoduj\u00ed. Letadlo neust\u00e1le prov\u00e1d\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou kontrolu r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. Tak\u017ee pokud po vzletu vyjde najevo, \u017ee datab\u00e1ze je nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 nebo po\u0161kozen\u00e1, okam\u017eit\u011b se o tom dozv\u00edme a p\u0159ejdeme na takzvan\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u00ed metody navigace. <\/p>\n

Pozemn\u00ed syst\u00e9my a slu\u017eby<\/h3>\n

\nN\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed je \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed letov\u00e9ho provozu a leti\u0161t\u011b. Slu\u017eby \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed maj\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu na zemi, a jejich napaden\u00ed bude jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e napaden\u00ed letadla ve vzduchu. Pokud \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem odpoj\u00ed nebo vypnou radar naviga\u010dn\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee, je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ej\u00edt na tzv. procedur\u00e1ln\u00ed navigaci a procedur\u00e1ln\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed letadel. To je pomalej\u0161\u00ed varianta nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed letadel na leti\u0161t\u011b, a proto v ru\u0161n\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstavech jako je Lond\u00fdn nebo Los Angeles to zp\u016fsob\u00ed velk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Ale pozemn\u00ed slu\u017eby st\u00e1le budou moci shrom\u00e1\u017edit z letadel \"\u010dekac\u00ed frontu\" s intervalem 1000 stop. (cca 300 metr\u016f)<\/i>, a jakmile jedno letadlo projde ur\u010ditou bodu, nasm\u011brovat dal\u0161\u00ed k p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed. Takto bude leti\u0161t\u011b napln\u011bno procedur\u00e1ln\u00edmi prost\u0159edky, nikoli radarov\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n

\"Je
\n
\nPokud bude zasa\u017eena radiokomunika\u010dn\u00ed soustava, existuje z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed syst\u00e9m. D\u00e1le existuje speci\u00e1ln\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed frekvence, ke kter\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 se dostat. Nebo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt letadlo p\u0159evedeno na jin\u00fd segment \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed letov\u00e9ho provozu, kter\u00e9 provede kontrolu p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed. V syst\u00e9mu existuje redundantnost a alternativn\u00ed uzly a syst\u00e9my, kter\u00fdmi lze vyu\u017e\u00edt, pokud by jeden z nich byl napaden. <\/p>\n

To sam\u00e9 plat\u00ed pro leti\u0161t\u011b. Pokud leti\u0161t\u011b bude napadeno a \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci odpoj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad naviga\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m nebo osv\u011btlen\u00ed ranveje, nebo cokoli jin\u00e9ho na leti\u0161ti, okam\u017eit\u011b to zjist\u00edme. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud se s nimi nem\u016f\u017eeme spojit nebo nastav\u00edme pomocn\u00e9 naviga\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, budeme vid\u011bt, \u017ee je probl\u00e9m, a n\u00e1\u0161 hlavn\u00ed letov\u00fd displej bude ukazovat speci\u00e1ln\u00ed vlajky, \u017ee syst\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9ho p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed nefunguje, nebo nefunguje naviga\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, a v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b prost\u011b p\u0159eru\u0161\u00edme p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed. Tak\u017ee tato situace nep\u0159edstavuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b budeme na\u0161tvan\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako vy, \u017ee nejsme tam, kam jsme let\u011bli. V syst\u00e9mu je dostate\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, letadlo m\u00e1 dostatek paliva. A pokud tato skupina hacker\u016f nenapadla celou zemi nebo region, co\u017e je velmi, velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro letadla nevznikne.<\/p>\n

Je n\u011bco dal\u0161\u00edho?<\/h3>\n

\nP\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee to je v\u0161e, co m\u011b napad\u00e1 ohledn\u011b mo\u017en\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f. Byla zpr\u00e1va od kyber-experta FBI, kter\u00fd tvrdil, \u017ee se mu poda\u0159ilo z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup k po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016fm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed letu pomoc\u00ed z\u00e1bavn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Podle jeho tvrzen\u00ed se mu poda\u0159ilo trochu \"ovlivnit\" letadlo (jeho slova, ne moje), ale toto nikdy nebylo potvrzeno a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 obvin\u011bn\u00ed proti n\u011bmu nebyla vznesena. Kdyby to opravdu ud\u011blal (nech\u00e1pu, pro\u010d by to n\u011bkdo d\u011blal, kdy\u017e je na tom stejn\u00e9m letadle), byli by proti n\u011bmu vznesena obvin\u011bn\u00ed za ohro\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota lid\u00ed. To mi d\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u016fvod domn\u00edvat se, \u017ee to jsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jen f\u00e1my a v\u00fdmysly. A jak jsem ji\u017e zm\u00ednil, podle tvrzen\u00ed v\u00fdrobc\u016f neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 fyzick\u00e1 mo\u017enost p\u0159ipojit se z palubn\u00edho z\u00e1bavn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu k \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed. <\/p>\n

A jak jsem ji\u017e zm\u00ednil na za\u010d\u00e1tku, kdybychom, piloti, zjistili, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00fd ze syst\u00e9m\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad naviga\u010dn\u00ed, poskytuje nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, p\u0159e\u0161li bychom k pou\u017eit\u00ed jin\u00fdch datov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f \u2014 pozemn\u00ed orientace, laserov\u00e9 gyroskopy atd. Pokud nefunguj\u00ed ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed plochy, i v tom sam\u00e9m 737 existuj\u00ed varianty. Autopilot je mo\u017en\u00e9 snadno vypnout, a v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by po\u010d\u00edta\u010d nem\u011bl nijak ovlivnit chov\u00e1n\u00ed letadla. A i pokud by hydraulika selhala, letadlo je st\u00e1le mo\u017eno ovl\u00e1dat jako obrovsk\u00e9 Cessna pomoc\u00ed lan, fyzicky p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch k joysticku. Tak\u017ee m\u00e1me v\u017edy mo\u017enosti, jak ovl\u00e1dat letadlo, pokud nen\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u011b po\u0161kozeno. <\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1v\u011br, hacknut\u00ed letadla p\u0159es GPS, r\u00e1diov\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly atd. je teoreticky mo\u017en\u00e9, ale vy\u017eaduje to neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, koordinace \u010dinnost\u00ed, spoustu vybaven\u00ed. A nezapome\u0148te, \u017ee v z\u00e1vislosti na nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce letadlo se pohybuje rychlost\u00ed od 300 do 850 km\/h.<\/p>\n

A co v\u00edte o mo\u017en\u00fdch vektorech \u00fatok\u016f na letectv\u00ed? Nezapome\u0148te se pod\u011blit v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Mal\u00e1 reklama \ud83d\ude42<\/h3>\n

\nD\u011bkujeme, \u017ee s n\u00e1mi z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1te. L\u00edb\u00ed se v\u00e1m na\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky? Chcete vid\u011bt v\u00edce zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f? Podpo\u0159te n\u00e1s objedn\u00e1vkou nebo doporu\u010den\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm, cloudov\u00e9 VPS pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e od 4,99 $<\/a><\/noindex>, unik\u00e1tn\u00ed alternativa entry-level server\u016f, kterou jsme pro v\u00e1s vymysleli:<\/b> V\u0161echny pravdy o VPS (KVM) E5-2697 v3 (6 jader) 10GB DDR4 480GB SSD 1Gbps od 19 $ nebo jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b rozd\u011blit server?<\/a><\/noindex> (k dispozici varianty s RAID1 a RAID10, a\u017e 24 jader a a\u017e 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd je dvakr\u00e1t levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v datov\u00e9m centru Equinix Tier IV v Amsterdamu?<\/b> Jen u n\u00e1s 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB od 199 $<\/a><\/noindex> v Nizozemsku! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2GHz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 od 99 $!<\/b><\/b> \u010ct\u011bte o tom Jak postavit infrastrukturu podnikov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy s pou\u017eit\u00edm server\u016f Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 v hodnot\u011b 9000 eur za pakatel?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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