{"id":55406,"date":"2020-01-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-19T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/virtualnyj-hosting-ili-virtualnyj-server-chto-vybrat"},"modified":"2026-08-11T15:21:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T13:21:10","slug":"virtualnyj-hosting-ili-virtualnyj-server-chto-vybrat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/virtualnyj-hosting-ili-virtualnyj-server-chto-vybrat","title":{"rendered":"Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed hosting nebo virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed server \u2014 co vybrat?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

I kdy\u017e se objevily levn\u00e9 VPS, tradi\u010dn\u00ed webhosting nezmiz\u00ed. Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat na rozd\u00edly mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma p\u0159\u00edstupy k hostov\u00e1n\u00ed webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a zjistit, kter\u00fd z nich je lep\u0161\u00ed.<\/i><\/p>\n

\"Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/a>
\n<\/a>
\nNa str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch ka\u017ed\u00e9ho respektovan\u00e9ho poskytovatele ur\u010dit\u011b najdete srovn\u00e1n\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edho webhostingu s virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmi servery. Auto\u0159i \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed podobnost VPS s fyzick\u00fdmi stroji a d\u011blaj\u00ed paralely mezi nimi a vlastn\u00edmi byty, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e webov\u00fdm server\u016fm pro sd\u00edlen\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159isuzuj\u00ed roli kolektivn\u00edho bydlen\u00ed. S touto charakteristikou se t\u011b\u017eko polemizuje, p\u0159esto se pokus\u00edme v\u0161echno pojmout jinak. Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat hloub\u011bji do povrchn\u00edch analogi\u00ed a prozkoumat pro za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed u\u017eivatele zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti ka\u017ed\u00e9 varianty.<\/p>\n

Jak funguje tradi\u010dn\u00ed hosting?<\/h2>\n

Aby webov\u00fd server mohl obsluhovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, byly vymy\u0161leny tzv. name based virtual host. Protokol HTTP p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 mo\u017enost p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci po\u017eadavku URL<\/a> (jedin\u00e9ho ukazatele zdroje) \u2014 to umo\u017e\u0148uje slu\u017eb\u011b pochopit, k jak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed str\u00e1nce se prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d nebo jin\u00fd klientsk\u00fd program obrac\u00ed. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jen p\u0159i\u0159adit dom\u00e9nov\u00e9 jm\u00e9no k po\u017eadovan\u00e9 IP adrese a zapsat do konfigurace ko\u0159enov\u00fd adres\u00e1\u0159 pro virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed host. Po tomto kroku je mo\u017en\u00e9 um\u00edstit soubory r\u016fzn\u00fdch u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch str\u00e1nek do jejich dom\u00e1c\u00edch adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f a otev\u0159\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup p\u0159es FTP pro administraci.<\/p>\n

Aby webov\u00e9 aplikace na stran\u011b serveru (r\u016fzn\u00e9 skripty nebo dokonce syst\u00e9my pro spr\u00e1vu obsahu \u2014 CMS) mohly b\u011b\u017eet s pr\u00e1vy p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele hostingu, byl v Apachi vytvo\u0159en speci\u00e1ln\u00ed mechanismus suexec. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed webov\u00e9ho serveru nedovoluj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm zasahovat do ciz\u00edho, ale celkov\u011b to opravdu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 sd\u00edlen\u00fd byt s odd\u011blen\u00fdmi pokoji a spole\u010dnou adresou (IP) pro stovky str\u00e1nek. Datab\u00e1zov\u00fd server (obvykle MySQL) pro virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed hosty je tak\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00fd, ale u\u017eivatel hostingu m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup pouze ke sv\u00fdm osobn\u00edm datab\u00e1z\u00edm. V\u0161echno softwarov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed serveru krom\u011b skript\u016f webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek spravuje poskytovatel, klienti nemohou m\u011bnit jeho konfiguraci podle vlastn\u00edho uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed. Proces spr\u00e1vy \u00fa\u010dt\u016f je automatizov\u00e1n: za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd hostingov\u00fd poskytovatel speci\u00e1ln\u00ed webov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, p\u0159es kter\u00e9 lze spravovat slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n

Jak funguj\u00ed VPS?<\/h2>\n

Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch server\u016f s fyzick\u00fdmi nen\u00ed zcela spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, proto\u017ee na jednom \u201ehardwarov\u00e9m\u201c hostu b\u011b\u017e\u00ed mnoho VPS. Obrazn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, to u\u017e nen\u00ed byt v komun\u00e1ln\u00edm dom\u011b, ale v\u00edcepodla\u017en\u00ed d\u016fm se spole\u010dn\u00fdm vchodem a jednotn\u00fdmi nosn\u00fdmi konstrukcemi. Pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch \u201ebyt\u016f\u201c (VPS) v r\u00e1mci jednoho \u201edomu\u201c (fyzick\u00e9ho serveru) jsou vyu\u017eity prost\u0159edky opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu nainstalovan\u00e9ho na hostu a r\u016fzn\u00e9 virtualiza\u010dn\u00ed technologie.<\/p>\n

Pokud se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 virtualizace na \u00farovni opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, procesy klienta jednodu\u0161e b\u011b\u017e\u00ed v izolovan\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed (nebo jak\u00e9msi kontejneru) a nevid\u00ed ciz\u00ed prost\u0159edky a procesy. Samostatn\u00fd hostitelsk\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nespou\u0161t\u00ed, a proto mus\u00ed b\u00fdt software v hostitelsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed bin\u00e1rn\u011b kompatibiln\u00ed se syst\u00e9mem na fyzick\u00e9m hostu \u2014 obvykle klient\u016fm nab\u00edzej\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u011b modifikovan\u00e9 distribuce GNU\/Linux pro tento zp\u016fsob provozu. Existuj\u00ed i pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed varianty, a\u017e po emulaci fyzick\u00e9ho stroje, na kter\u00e9m lze spustit t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jak\u00fdkoli hostitelsk\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m i z vlastn\u00edho instala\u010dn\u00edho obrazu.<\/p>\n

Z pohledu administr\u00e1tora se jak\u00fdkoli VPS od fyzick\u00e9ho serveru t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neli\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159i objedn\u00e1vce slu\u017eby hostitel nasad\u00ed vybranou konfiguraci a d\u00e1le je \u00fadr\u017eba syst\u00e9mu na zodpov\u011bdnosti klienta. V tomto ohledu si m\u016f\u017eete nainstalovat pot\u0159ebn\u00fd software a nastavit ho jak\u00fdmkoli zp\u016fsobem \u2014 pln\u00e1 svoboda v\u00fdb\u011bru webov\u00e9ho serveru, verze PHP, datab\u00e1zov\u00e9ho serveru atd. IP adresa u VPS je tak\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed, nemus\u00edte ji sd\u00edlet se stovkami dal\u0161\u00edch soused\u016f. T\u00edmto s popisem hlavn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f kon\u010d\u00edme a p\u0159ejdeme k v\u00fdhod\u00e1m a nev\u00fdhod\u00e1m, od kter\u00fdch z\u00e1vis\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kter\u00e1 varianta je jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed?<\/h2>\n

Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed hosting nevy\u017eaduje administraci ekosyst\u00e9mu pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho pro provoz webu. Klient se nemus\u00ed starat o instalaci, nastaven\u00ed a aktualizaci syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho a aplika\u010dn\u00edho softwaru, a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mu panel pro spr\u00e1vu hostingu umo\u017en\u00ed nainstalovat i CMS \u2014 co\u017e je atraktivn\u00ed mo\u017enost pro nov\u00e1\u010dky. Na druhou stranu je v\u0161ak st\u00e1le nutn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it jednotliv\u00e9 \u00fakoly jemn\u00e9ho nastaven\u00ed CMS samostatn\u011b, nav\u00edc za relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdm vstupn\u00edm prahem se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed flexibilita \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. V\u00fdb\u011br softwaru bude omezen: na virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm hostingu nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad podle vlastn\u00edho p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bnit verzi PHP nebo MySQL, nato\u017e nainstalovat n\u011bjak\u00fd exotick\u00fd bal\u00edk nebo zvolit alternativn\u00ed panel pro spr\u00e1vu \u2014 bude nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat n\u00e1stroje poskytnut\u00e9 poskytovatelem slu\u017eeb. Pokud poskytovatel provede aktualizaci serveru, mohou se ve va\u0161ich webov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch vyskytnout probl\u00e9my s programovou kompatibilitou.<\/p>\n

VPS postr\u00e1d\u00e1 tyto nev\u00fdhody tradi\u010dn\u00edho hostingu. Klient si m\u016f\u017ee s\u00e1m vybrat pot\u0159ebn\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m (nen\u00ed nutn\u011b Linux) a nainstalovat jak\u00fdkoli software. Nastavov\u00e1n\u00ed a administrace prost\u0159ed\u00ed budou muset prob\u011bhnout samostatn\u011b, av\u0161ak proces lze zjednodu\u0161it \u2014 v\u0161ichni hostitel\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed mo\u017enost okam\u017eit\u00e9 instalace administra\u010dn\u00edho panelu na virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed server, kter\u00fd automatizuje proces spr\u00e1vy. D\u00edky n\u011bmu nebude velik\u00fd rozd\u00edl v obt\u00ed\u017enosti spr\u00e1vy mezi tradi\u010dn\u00edm hostingem a VPS. Krom\u011b toho nikdo nebr\u00e1n\u00ed instalaci vlastn\u00edho panelu, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nab\u00eddky poskytovatele. Celkov\u011b nejsou n\u00e1klady na administraci VPS tolik vysok\u00e9 a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilita \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e dostate\u010dn\u011b kompenzuje n\u011bkter\u00e9 dodate\u010dn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kter\u00e1 mo\u017enost je bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed?<\/h2>\n

M\u016f\u017ee se zd\u00e1t, \u017ee hostov\u00e1n\u00ed webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek na tradi\u010dn\u00edm hostingu je bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Zdroje r\u016fzn\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f jsou spolehliv\u011b izolov\u00e1ny a poskytovatel se star\u00e1 o aktu\u00e1lnost softwaru serveru \u2014 je to skv\u011bl\u00e1 volba, ale jen na prvn\u00ed pohled. \u00dato\u010dn\u00edci ne v\u017edy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zranitelnosti v syst\u00e9mov\u00e9m softwaru, obvykle se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na nezabezpe\u010den\u00e9 d\u00edry ve skriptech a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f pro spr\u00e1vu obsahu. V tomto smyslu tradi\u010dn\u00ed hosting nenab\u00edz\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody \u2014 klientsk\u00e9 zdroje b\u011b\u017e\u00ed na stejn\u00fdch CMS \u2014 zato nev\u00fdhody jsou zna\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9m virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho hostingu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve sd\u00edlen\u00e9 IP adrese pro stovky web\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f. Pokud je n\u011bkdo z va\u0161ich soused\u016f napaden a za\u010dne nap\u0159\u00edklad rozes\u00edlat spam nebo prov\u00e1d\u011bt jin\u00e9 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 akce, m\u016f\u017ee sd\u00edlen\u00e1 adresa skon\u010dit v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010dern\u00fdch listech. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b utrp\u00ed v\u0161ichni klienti, jejich\u017e weby pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed stejnou IP. Pokud se v\u00e1\u0161 soused stane ob\u011bt\u00ed DDoS \u00fatoku nebo vytvo\u0159\u00ed nadm\u011brnou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e na v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed zdroje, utrp\u00ed tak\u00e9 ostatn\u00ed \u201en\u00e1jemn\u00edci\u201c serveru. Spravovat p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed kv\u00f3t pro jednotliv\u00e9 VPS je pro poskytovatele mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed, nav\u00edc virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmu serveru je p\u0159id\u011blena samostatn\u00e1 IP adresa, a to nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt jen jedna: m\u016f\u017eete si objednat libovoln\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed, dal\u0161\u00ed slu\u017eby ochrany p\u0159ed DDoS, antivirovou slu\u017ebu atd. Z hlediska bezpe\u010dnosti a spolehlivosti VPS p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u00ed hosting, sta\u010d\u00ed jen v\u010das aktualizovat nainstalovan\u00e9 programy.<\/p>\n

Kter\u00e1 varianta je levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed?<\/h2>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik let zp\u011bt byla odpov\u011b\u010f na tuto ot\u00e1zku jasn\u00e1 \u2014 navzdory v\u0161em jej\u00edm nedostatk\u016fm byla m\u00edstnost v byt\u011b mnohem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e samostatn\u00fd byt. Obor nestoj\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b a nyn\u00ed se na trhu objevilo mnoho cenov\u011b dostupn\u00fdch VPS: u n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017eete pronajmout<\/a> vlastn\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed server na Linuxu za 130 korun m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na m\u011bs\u00edc provozu levn\u00e9ho VPS z\u00e1kazn\u00edka se pohybuj\u00ed v rozmez\u00ed 150 \u2013 250 korun, za takov\u00fdch cen nen\u00ed smysl sn\u00e1\u0161et probl\u00e9my tradi\u010dn\u00edho hostingu, krom\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kdy je t\u0159eba na server um\u00edstit nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky. Nav\u00edc tarifn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho hostingu omezuj\u00ed po\u010det webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a datab\u00e1z\u00ed, zat\u00edmco na VPS je z\u00e1kazn\u00edk omezen pouze kapacitou \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b a v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edmi mo\u017enostmi serveru.<\/p>\n

\"Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n

Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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