{"id":55605,"date":"2020-01-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-23T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/moj-opyt-raboty-s-plesk"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:44","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:44","slug":"moj-opyt-raboty-s-plesk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/moj-opyt-raboty-s-plesk","title":{"rendered":"Moje zku\u0161enosti s Plesk","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Chci se pod\u011blit o n\u011bkter\u00e9 dojmy ohledn\u011b u\u017eite\u010dnosti nebo zbyte\u010dnosti n\u011b\u010deho, jako je ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed panel pro komer\u010dn\u00ed jednoserverov\u00fd webov\u00fd projekt p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edtomnosti velmi part-time administr\u00e1tora. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh za\u010dal p\u0159ed p\u00e1r lety, kdy\u017e m\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1dali, abych technicky podpo\u0159il koupi podnik\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 zpravodajsk\u00e9ho webu. Bylo t\u0159eba se lehce pono\u0159it do toho, na \u010dem to b\u011b\u017e\u00ed, sledovat, aby v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u00fadaje byly p\u0159ed\u00e1ny v odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed podob\u011b a objemu, a strategicky p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let, co lze zlep\u0161it.<\/p>\n

\"Moje<\/a><\/noindex>
\nObchod byl dokon\u010den, houslista se stal nepot\u0159ebn\u00fdm. Konec. Ve skute\u010dnosti ne.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nWeb b\u011b\u017eel na dvouj\u00e1drov\u00e9m 4 GB VM na Linode, na n\u011bjak\u00e9m zastaral\u00e9m Debianu 5 s uptime kolem 400 dn\u00ed a takov\u00fdmto seznamem neaktualizovan\u00fdch bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f. Webov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st byla na vlastnoru\u010dn\u011b napsan\u00e9m CMS, nginx, php5.3 FPM, MySQL lad\u011bn\u00e9 Percona. V z\u00e1sad\u011b to fungovalo.<\/p>\n

Paraleln\u011b s rozhovory se mnou nov\u00fd majitel hledal program\u00e1tora, kter\u00fd by p\u0159ivedl projekt k o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm. Na\u0161el. Program\u00e1tor posoudil provoz a objemy a rozhodl se, \u017ee um\u00ed optimalizaci a cost management. Migraci cel\u00e9ho webu provedl na 700korunov\u00fd sd\u00edlen\u00fd hosting pod spr\u00e1vou jemu zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho IS****era. Po n\u011bkolika dnech znovu vol\u00e1n\u00ed od majitele: \u201ev\u0161echno se zpomaluje a zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee n\u00e1s n\u011bkdo napadl\u201c. Sna\u017eil jsem se situaci napravit p\u0159es panel, ale po n\u011bjak\u00e9m \u010dase bezv\u00fdsledn\u00fdch pokus\u016f o zm\u011bnu verze PHP nebo handleru z fcgi na fpm jsem to vzdal a \u0161el do shellu. Tam jsem na\u0161el zapnut\u00fd debug, kter\u00fd sv\u00edtil na cel\u00fd internet heslem k MySQL, 777 na n\u011bkter\u00e9 slo\u017eky, kter\u00e9 v tu chv\u00edli praskaly od nalit\u00e9ho malware a podobn\u00e9 nesmysly. Majitel si to uv\u011bdomil a rozhodl se, \u017ee \u0161et\u0159it na hostingu, program\u00e1torech a administr\u00e1torovi, kter\u00fd by si jedn\u00edm okem pohl\u00e9dl, jak to v\u0161echno jde, je \u0161patn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Jedeme na RuVDS. O n\u011bco bl\u00ed\u017ee ne\u017e britsk\u00e1 Linode a pokud byste cht\u011bli uchov\u00e1vat osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje a to v\u0161e, u\u017e nebude pot\u0159eba nikam jinam p\u0159ech\u00e1zet. Proto\u017ee pl\u00e1nujeme projekt roz\u0161i\u0159ovat, vzali jsme si VM \u201ena v\u00fdrost\u201c: 4 j\u00e1dra, 8 GB pam\u011bti, 80 GB disku. Nen\u00ed to, \u017ee bych neum\u011bl pracovat s konfiguracemi nginx ru\u010dn\u011b, ale prost\u011b jsem nem\u011bl chu\u0165 se tomuto projektu v\u011bnovat tolik intimn\u011b (viz v\u00fd\u0161e o part-time). Tak\u017ee jsem nainstaloval Plesk (podrobnosti instalace vynech\u00e1v\u00e1m, proto\u017ee v podstat\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nejsou: spustil jsem instal\u00e1tor, nastavil heslo pro admina, zadal kl\u00ed\u010d \u2013 hotovo), v t\u00e9 dob\u011b to byla verze 17.0. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed funguje p\u0159ijateln\u011b hned po instalaci, je tam fail2ban a posledn\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 verze PHP, nginx.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 stoj\u00ed za to zastavit se a vysv\u011btlit, pro\u010d to. Proto\u017ee se takov\u00fdmi v\u011bcmi zab\u00fdv\u00e1m z\u0159\u00eddka a nem\u00e1m \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj \u010di p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 \u0161ablony na ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee pot\u0159ebuji n\u011bjakou automatizaci z\u00e1kladn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed, abych jednak rychle, jednak bezpe\u010dn\u011b, a za t\u0159et\u00ed, aby v\u0161echny nejlep\u0161\u00ed praktiky u\u017e n\u011bkdo implementoval. <\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee jsem to nainstaloval. U\u0161et\u0159il jsem spoustu \u010dasu, restart webu na nov\u00e9m serveru byl t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 okam\u017eit\u00fd. Bylo t\u0159eba upravit konfiguraci MySQL, poskytnout mu polovinu pam\u011bti a zv\u00fd\u0161it po\u010det buffer pool\u016f, a odevzdat nginx polovin\u011b jader (Plesk se nedot\u00fdk\u00e1 glob\u00e1ln\u00edch konfigurac\u00ed) a b\u011bhem p\u00e1r dn\u016f jsem se pod\u00edval do shellu, abych zkontroloval statistiky mysqltuner. A ano, koupil jsem placen\u00fd ImunifyAV z katalogu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, abych se zbavil nahran\u00e9 malwaru. Na\u0161li se n\u011bjak\u00e9 11000 infikovan\u00fdch soubor\u016f. Hnusn\u00e9 na tom bylo, \u017ee do statiky se dost\u00e1valy obfuskovan\u00e9 kusy k\u00f3du, a ru\u010dn\u011b by to bylo v\u00e1\u017en\u011b deprimuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010distit. Nejprve jsem zkou\u0161el ClamAV, ale jak se uk\u00e1zalo, takov\u00e9 v\u011bci nebere, zat\u00edmco ImunifyAV to zvl\u00e1dl. A opraven\u00e9 soubory z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v pracovn\u00edm stavu, jen se odstran\u00ed kus s malwarem.<\/p>\n

Aritmetika je jednoduch\u00e1: 50 $ m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b za VM, 10 $ za Plesk (ve skute\u010dnosti m\u00e9n\u011b, proto\u017ee jsme koupili hned na rok se slevou na dva m\u011bs\u00edce) a 3 $ za antivirus. Nebo spoustu kufr\u016f pen\u011bz za m\u016fj \u010das, kter\u00fd bych na za\u010d\u00e1tku str\u00e1vil na serveru, kdybych tyto st\u00e1je ru\u010dn\u011b ukl\u00edzel. Majitele tato situace zcela uspokojila.<\/p>\n

\"Moje
\nMezit\u00edm jsme na\u0161li nov\u00e9ho program\u00e1tora. Dohodli jsme se s n\u00edm na rozd\u011blen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti, vytvo\u0159ili subdom\u00e9nu pro testovac\u00ed verzi a pr\u00e1ce za\u010dala. Programoval novou verzi webu na Laravelu, zat\u00edmco j\u00e1 jsem sledoval fail2ban%.<\/p>\n

\"Moje
\nZaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee proud zv\u011bdav\u00fdch n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f neust\u00e1v\u00e1 a v seznamu zablokovan\u00fdch adres je v\u017edy kolem sta. Efekt je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd: obvykle, kdy\u017e se p\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00edm do shellu, vid\u00edm p\u0159i p\u0159iv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed asi 20000-30000 ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch pokus\u016f o p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159es SSH. S aktivn\u00edm fail2ban kolem 70. Vlo\u017een\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed: 0. Bez kapky dehtu se to bohu\u017eel neobe\u0161lo. Ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed byl \"polovi\u010dn\u011b aktivn\u00ed\" WAF (modsecurity): v re\u017eimu detekce. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zaznamen\u00e1val podez\u0159elou aktivitu do logu, ale neprov\u00e1d\u011bl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 akce. A fail2ban bez v\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed \u010detl v\u0161echny logy podle aktivovan\u00fdch jails a blokoval v\u0161e, co se h\u00fdbalo. T\u00edm jsme zablokovali polovinu redakce :D. Museli jsme tento jail vypnout a pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 IP adresy pro jistotu p\u0159idat na b\u00edl\u00fd seznam. \u00dasil\u00ed vlo\u017eeno: dvakr\u00e1t kliknout my\u0161\u00ed a nau\u010dit redaktory \u0159\u00edct svou IP adresu.<\/p>\n

\"Moje
\nCo se program\u00e1torovi okam\u017eit\u011b l\u00edbilo \u2014 mo\u017enost nahr\u00e1vat datab\u00e1ze p\u0159\u00edmo v panelu a rychl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k phpMyAdmin.<\/p>\n

\"Moje
\nCo se mi l\u00edbilo \u2014 logy a z\u00e1lohy. Logy se generuj\u00ed a rotuj\u00ed samy od sebe; z\u00e1lohy se nastavuj\u00ed velmi jednodu\u0161e. V nejpomalej\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00ed se d\u011bl\u00e1 pln\u00e1 z\u00e1loha, asi na 10 gigabajt\u016f, a pot\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fd den inkrement\u00e1ln\u00ed, asi 200 megabajt\u016f, po dobu t\u00fddne. Obnova je granul\u00e1rn\u00ed, a\u017e na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed soubor nebo datab\u00e1zi. Pokud pot\u0159ebujete obnovit z inkrement\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1lohy, nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 se nejprve tr\u00e1pit s plnou a obnovou cel\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce, Plesk to ud\u011bl\u00e1 s\u00e1m. Z\u00e1lohy lze nahr\u00e1vat kamkoliv: na FTP, Dropbox, S3 bucket, Google Drive a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Moje
\nDen D: program\u00e1tor kone\u010dn\u011b dokon\u010dil novou platformu, nahr\u00e1li jsme ji do produkce, importovali star\u00e1 data a za\u010dali vyb\u00edrat barvu sv\u00fdch budouc\u00edch Maserati. Dosud st\u00e1le vyb\u00edr\u00e1me.<\/p>\n

Za\u010daly prvn\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Nov\u00fd web byl o\u010dek\u00e1van\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e star\u00fd, ale skute\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m byl v tom, \u017ee k p\u0159itahov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnosti jsme pou\u017e\u00edvali krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho Yandex.Zen, kter\u00fd p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bl n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed. Web se s varoval p\u0159i 150 sou\u010dasn\u00fdch p\u0159ipojen\u00edch (nemluv\u00edm o RPS, proto\u017ee jsme to nem\u011b\u0159ili). Za\u010dali jsme ma\u010dkat tla\u010d\u00edtka a ot\u00e1\u010det knofl\u00edky v oblasti nastaven\u00ed php_fpm:
\n\u00a0
\n\"Moje
\nNo, u\u017e to zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 500 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. Jak se kreditka p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila k prost\u0159edk\u016fm na propagaci, vlny n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnosti za\u010daly r\u016fst. Dal\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edk je 1000 sou\u010dasn\u00fdch p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. Tady u\u017e bylo nutn\u00e9 p\u0159epracovat k\u00f3d a pod\u00edvat se na du\u0161i muskulatury. Plesk v tom nepomohl, ale to se ani moc ne\u010dekalo. Zapnuli jsme log pomal\u00fdch dotaz\u016f, p\u0159idali indexy do datab\u00e1ze, odstranili zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 dotazy z k\u00f3du, a znovu upravili konfiguraci MySQL podle rad mysqltuner.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 v\u00fdzva \u2013 2000 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b vy\u0161la verze Plesk 17.8, ve kter\u00e9 mimo jin\u00e9 p\u0159idali nginx caching. Aktualizovali jsme se (\u00fa\u017easn\u011b snadno). Zkou\u0161\u00edme. Funguje! A hned p\u0159i\u0161lo na m\u011bkk\u00e9, p\u0159estalo fungovat feed Yandex.Zen. Web funguje, feed nefunguje. Nejde feed, nen\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnost. Atmosf\u00e9ra se zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1. Pod tlakem okolnost\u00ed a z nedostatku fantazie se hned pustil do strace nginx a na\u0161el, co hledal. Ukazuje se, \u017ee v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku mou chybnou nginx zcacheoval 500 chybu jako odpov\u011b\u010f na yandexov\u00fd get feed.xml. Opraveno p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdjimek do nastaven\u00ed cache:<\/p>\n

\"Moje
\nJe jasn\u00e9, \u017ee majitel pot\u0159ebuje JE\u0160T\u011a, vlny pomalu rostou. Zat\u00edm to zvl\u00e1d\u00e1me, ale z p\u0159edstihu jsme za\u010dali experimentovat s memcached, na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed Laravel ho podporuje skoro z krabice. Necht\u011blo se n\u00e1m instalovat memcached ru\u010dn\u011b pro \u201ehran\u00ed\u201c, proto jsme nainstalovali Docker obraz. P\u0159\u00edmo z panelu.<\/p>\n

\"Moje
\nNo dob\u0159e, lhal jsem, musel jsem j\u00edt do shellu a nainstalovat modul p\u0159es pecl. P\u0159\u00edmo po instrukci<\/a><\/noindex>. O n\u00e1r\u016fstu propustnosti zat\u00edm nelze \u0159\u00edct nic, nebyly dost velk\u00e9 n\u00e1valy. Engine webu se p\u0159ipojil na localhost:11211, statistiky se zobrazuj\u00ed, pam\u011b\u0165 se \u017eere. Pokud se osv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed, uvid\u00edme, co d\u011blat d\u00e1l. Bu\u010f to tak nech\u00e1me, nebo nainstalujeme \u201eskute\u010dn\u00fd\u201c p\u0159\u00edmo do OS. Nebo se pokus\u00edme o redis stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. <\/p>\n

Pak bylo pot\u0159eba p\u0159id\u011blat emailov\u00fd mailing. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 rel\u00e9, jen smtp authentication. Zalo\u017eil jsem emailovou adresu, p\u0159es jej\u00ed \u00fadaje d\u011bl\u00e1me rozes\u00edlku p\u0159es PHP.<\/p>\n

\"Moje
\nNed\u00e1vno vy\u0161el Plesk Obsidian (18.0), aktualizovali jsme se bez obav podle p\u0159edchoz\u00ed zku\u0161enosti. V\u0161e prob\u011bhlo velmi hladce, ani nen\u00ed o \u010dem vypr\u00e1v\u011bt. Z p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9ho \u2013 v\u00fdrazn\u011b se zlep\u0161il kvalita rozhran\u00ed, modernizoval se a stal se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 v\u011bc Advanced Monitoring na Grafana.<\/p>\n

\"Moje
\nZat\u00edm jsem se s t\u00edm podrobn\u011b nezab\u00fdval, ale je mo\u017en\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad nastavit upozorn\u011bn\u00ed na jak\u00fdkoli parametr na email. Majiteli, lol.<\/p>\n

Pokud mluv\u00edm o rozhran\u00ed, je adaptivn\u00ed a skute\u010dn\u011b dob\u0159e funguje na telefonu. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku, kdy\u017e jsme se sna\u017eili naj\u00edt optim\u00e1ln\u00ed nastaven\u00ed PHP a dal\u0161\u00edho, n\u00e1m to opravdu pomohlo. A zejm\u00e9na kdy\u017e program\u00e1tor v z\u00e1chvatu pracovn\u00ed enthusiasm n\u011bco d\u011bl\u00e1 ve 23 hodin a j\u00e1 v z\u00e1chvatu pracovn\u00ed enthusiasm piji vodku v saun\u011b a NAL\u00c9HAV\u011a je pot\u0159eba n\u011bco p\u0159epnout.<\/p>\n

\"Moje
\nO, mimochodem. Na obr\u00e1zku vid\u00edte, \u017ee se objevil PHP Composer. Zat\u00edm jsme si s n\u00edm nehr\u00e1li, ale \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, \u017ee pro Laravel m\u016f\u017ee u\u0161et\u0159it p\u00e1r p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed do shellu a n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das na instalaci z\u00e1vislost\u00ed. Stejn\u00fd syst\u00e9m existuje pro Node.JS a Ruby.<\/p>\n

Se SSL je to jednoduch\u00e9. Pokud se dom\u00e9na resolvuje kam m\u00e1, Let\u2019s Encrypt se d\u011bl\u00e1 jedn\u00edm kliknut\u00edm a d\u00e1le se aktualizuje samo, a to jak na samotn\u00e9 dom\u00e9n\u011b, tak na subdom\u00e9n\u00e1ch, a dokonce i na po\u0161tovn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\"Moje
\nS\u00e1m Plesk je v sou\u010dasnosti pom\u011brn\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd a stabiln\u00ed software. S\u00e1m se aktualizuje a OS ti\u0161e, spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00e1lo zdroj\u016f a funguje hladce. Dokonce si ani nepamatuji, \u017ee bych n\u011bkde na n\u011bco \u0161l\u00e1pnul, co by bylo zjevnou vadou produktu. Probl\u00e9my samoz\u0159ejm\u011b byly, ale bu\u010f z nedokonalosti konfigurace, nebo n\u011bkde na pomez\u00ed, tak\u017ee nen\u00ed co vy\u010d\u00edtat. Zku\u0161enosti s Pleskem jsou celkov\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9. Co v n\u011bm chyb\u00ed, a to je t\u0159eba pochopit, je jak\u00e1koliv (jak\u00e1koliv) klasterizace. Ani LB, ani HA. Zkou\u0161et se d\u00e1, ale investovan\u00fdch \u00fasil\u00ed bude tolik, \u017ee je lep\u0161\u00ed to ud\u011blat p\u016fvodn\u011b jinak.<\/p>\n

Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eeme shrnout. Pro p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy nen\u00ed admin, nebo je jich m\u00e1lo, kdy\u017e cena hostingu a b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edho webu\/web\u016f p\u0159esahuje, \u0159ekn\u011bme, 100 EUR, kdy\u017e nejde o nepo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd server s 1500 weby, kdy\u017e se p\u0159ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm postaven\u00edm nab\u00edz\u00ed volba najmout admina na polovi\u010dn\u00ed \u00favazek, nebo koupit software a po\u0159\u00eddit admina na \u201epolovi\u010dn\u00ed platy\u201c, nebo dokonce ho v\u016fbec nepo\u0159izovat - smysl ur\u010dit\u011b je. Z pohledu vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho admina - to sam\u00e9. 10 $ za m\u011bs\u00edc, a \u0161et\u0159\u00ed \u010das a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed flexibilitu v pr\u00e1ci na velmi vysok\u00fd obnos. Pokud m\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad hodn\u011b po\u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed, abych p\u0159evzal podobn\u00fd projekt, budu trvat na p\u0159enesen\u00ed na Plesk.o<\/i>Tajn\u00e1 efektivita spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v kvalitn\u00edm k\u00f3du, a ne efektivn\u00edm mana\u017eerovi.<\/p>\n

\"Moje<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
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