{"id":55632,"date":"2020-01-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-23T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/mu-mu-gav-gav-krya-krya-evolyutsiya-akusticheskoj-kommunikatsii"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:46","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:46","slug":"mu-mu-gav-gav-krya-krya-evolyutsiya-akusticheskoj-kommunikatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/mu-mu-gav-gav-krya-krya-evolyutsiya-akusticheskoj-kommunikatsii","title":{"rendered":"Mu-mu, haf-haf, kvak-kvak: evoluce akustick\u00e9 komunikace","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Mu-mu,
\n
\nVe sv\u011bt\u011b zv\u00ed\u0159at, kam pat\u0159\u00ed i lid\u00e9, existuje mnoho metod p\u0159enosu informac\u00ed mezi sebou. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt energick\u00fd tanec, jako u rajsk\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f, nazna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ipravenost samce k reprodukci; m\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt jasn\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed, jako u amazonsk\u00fdch stromov\u00fdch \u017eab, oznamuj\u00edc\u00ed jejich jedovatost; m\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt pach, jako u ps\u016f, ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed hranice teritoria. Nejv\u00edce b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pro v\u011bt\u0161inu vysp\u011bl\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at je v\u0161ak akustick\u00e1 komunikace, tedy pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zvuk\u016f. U\u010d\u00edme dokonce na\u0161e d\u011bti od \u00fatl\u00e9ho v\u011bku, kdo a jak mluv\u00ed: kr\u00e1va \u2013 mu-mu-mu, pes \u2013 haf-haf, atd. Pro n\u00e1s je verb\u00e1ln\u00ed, tedy akustick\u00e1 komunikace, ned\u00edln\u00fdm aspektem socializace. Tot\u00e9\u017e lze \u0159\u00edci o dal\u0161\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159atech. V\u011bdci z Univerzity Hainan (\u010c\u00edna) se rozhodli nahl\u00e9dnout do minulosti, aby pochopili evoluci akustick\u00e9 komunikace. Jak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 je akustick\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi zv\u00ed\u0159aty, kdy vzniklo a pro\u010d se stalo dominantn\u00ed metodou p\u0159enosu informac\u00ed? O tom se dozv\u00edme z v\u00fdzkumu v\u011bdc\u016f. Poj\u010fme na to.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1klad v\u00fdzkumu<\/h3>\n

\nV t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi evolu\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdvoje mnoho zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch druh\u016f pln\u011b integrovalo akustick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly do sv\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho rytmu. Zvuky vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159aty se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro p\u0159itahov\u00e1n\u00ed partnera (zp\u011bv pt\u00e1k\u016f, kv\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eab atd.), pro objevov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo dezorientaci nep\u0159\u00edtele (k\u0159ik sojky, kter\u00e1 informuje pred\u00e1tora, \u017ee byla odhalena a past nevyjde, tak\u017ee se rad\u011bji st\u00e1hne), pro p\u0159enos informac\u00ed o dostupnosti potravy (slepi\u010dky, kter\u00e9 na\u0161ly potravu, vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed charakteristick\u00fd zvuk, aby p\u0159it\u00e1hly pozornost sv\u00fdch potomk\u016f) atd.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavost:<\/b>
\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nSamec jednozrnn\u00e9ho zvon\u00edka (Procnias albus)<\/i> vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 svatebn\u00ed k\u0159ik o intenzit\u011b 125 dB (reaktivn\u00ed motor \u2013 120-140 dB), co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed nejhlasit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pt\u00e1ka na planet\u011b.<\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Studium akustick\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f a jejich evoluce prob\u00edh\u00e1 ji\u017e pom\u011brn\u011b dlouho. Data z\u00edskan\u00e1 z takov\u00fdchto v\u00fdzkum\u016f p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k lep\u0161\u00edmu porozum\u011bn\u00ed tomu, jak lid\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zvuky, a tedy, jak se formovaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 jazyky v r\u016fzn\u00fdch regionech planety. Tyto v\u00fdzkumy se v\u0161ak nezab\u00fdvaly samotn\u00fdm vznikem akustick\u00e9 komunikace jako fenom\u00e9nu. Jednou z fundament\u00e1ln\u00edch ot\u00e1zek, na kterou dosud nikdo neodpov\u011bd\u011bl, je - pro\u010d vznikla akustick\u00e1 komunikace? <\/p>\n

Existuje mnoho ot\u00e1zek, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed odpov\u011bdi. Za prv\u00e9, kter\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 faktory ovlivnily vznik a formov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto typu p\u0159enosu informac\u00ed? Zadruh\u00e9, byla akustick\u00e1 komunikace spojena s vznikem nov\u00fdch druh\u016f, tedy pom\u00e1h\u00e1 v \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed druhu a prevenci jeho vyhynut\u00ed? Zat\u0159et\u00ed, je akustick\u00e1 komunikace evolu\u010dn\u011b stabiln\u00ed po sv\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji? A nakonec, vyv\u00edjela se akustick\u00e1 komunikace v r\u016fzn\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch zv\u00ed\u0159at paraleln\u011b, nebo m\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159edka pro v\u0161echny bytosti?<\/p>\n

Odpov\u011bdi na tyto ot\u00e1zky, podle samotn\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f, jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nejen pro porozum\u011bn\u00ed akustick\u00e9 komunikaci jako takov\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 pro pochopen\u00ed evoluce a behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011bn u zv\u00ed\u0159at. Nap\u0159\u00edklad existuje teorie, \u017ee prost\u0159ed\u00ed siln\u011b ovliv\u0148uje sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br a komunikaci u n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f zv\u00ed\u0159at. Zda je tato teorie pou\u017eiteln\u00e1 na formov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1l\u016f, je zat\u00edm t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u0159\u00edct, ale je to zcela mo\u017en\u00e9. V\u011bdci tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed, \u017ee u\u017e Darwin hovo\u0159il o tom, \u017ee p\u0159i forming pairs u n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli pr\u00e1v\u011b zvukov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly. Tedy akustick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed vznik nov\u00fdch druh\u016f. <\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ci se v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci rozhodli prozkoumat evoluci zvukov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f u \u010dty\u0159noh\u00fdch prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm filogenetick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu (odhalen\u00ed souvislost\u00ed mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi druhy). Hlavn\u00ed d\u016fraz je kladen na p\u016fvod akustick\u00e9 komunikace, nikoli na jej\u00ed formu \u010di funkce. Ve studii byla pou\u017eita data o 1799 r\u016fzn\u00fdch druz\u00edch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e byl zohledn\u011bn i faktor denn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed (druhy s denn\u00ed a no\u010dn\u00ed aktivitou). Krom\u011b toho byla provedena anal\u00fdza vztahu mezi akustickou komunikac\u00ed a stupn\u011bm diverzifikace druh\u016f, tj. jejich roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm, pomoc\u00ed modelu specia\u010dn\u00ed-vym\u00edrac\u00edho procesu. Tak\u00e9 byl ov\u011b\u0159en filogenetick\u00fd konzervatismus v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti akustick\u00e9 komunikace mezi druhy.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu<\/h3>\n

\nMezi \u010dty\u0159noh\u00fdmi jsou v\u011bt\u0161ina oboj\u017eiveln\u00edk\u016f, savc\u016f, pt\u00e1k\u016f a krokod\u00fdl\u016f schopna akustick\u00e9 komunikace, zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161ina \u0161upinatc\u016f a \u017eelv nikoli. V \u0159ad\u011b oboj\u017eiveln\u00edk\u016f tento typ p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed nemaj\u00ed \u010derve\u0159i (Caecilian<\/i>), ale maj\u00ed ho n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy salamandr\u016f a v\u011bt\u0161ina \u017eab (u 39 z 41 zkouman\u00fdch druh\u016f). Tak\u00e9 akustick\u00e1 komunikace chyb\u00ed u had\u016f a u v\u0161ech rodin je\u0161t\u011brek, krom\u011b dvou \u2014 Gekkonidae<\/i> (gekonov\u00ed), Phyllodactylidae<\/i>. V \u0159\u00e1du \u017eelv maj\u00ed pouze 2 z 14 rodin akustickou komunikaci. Jak se dalo o\u010dek\u00e1vat, u 173 zkouman\u00fdch druh\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f byla akustick\u00e1 komunikace p\u0159\u00edtomna u v\u0161ech. 120 z 125 rodin savc\u016f tak\u00e9 prok\u00e1zalo tuto vlastnost.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavost:<\/b>
\n\"Mu-mu,
\nSalamand\u0159i maj\u00ed \u00fa\u017easnou regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnost a jsou schopn\u00ed dor\u016fst nejen ocas, ale i nohu; salamand\u0159i, na rozd\u00edl od mnoha sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch, nekladou vaj\u00ed\u010dka, ale jsou \u017eivorod\u00ed; jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch salamandr\u016f \u2014 japonsk\u00fd obrovsk\u00fd salamandr \u2014 v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed 35 kg.<\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Shrneme-li tyto \u00fadaje, lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee akustick\u00fd p\u0159enos informac\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edtomen u 69 % z\u00e1stupc\u016f \u010dty\u0159noh\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

\"Mu-mu,
\nTabulka \u010d. 1: procento nositel\u016f akustick\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu informac\u00ed mezi zkouman\u00fdmi druhy \u010dty\u0159noh\u00fdch.<\/i><\/p>\n

Po stanoven\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e9ho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed akustick\u00e9 komunikace mezi druhy bylo nutn\u00e9 pochopit vztah mezi touto schopnost\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159at (nocturn\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo diurn\u00e1ln\u00ed).<\/p>\n

Mezi n\u011bkolika modely, kter\u00e9 popisuj\u00ed tento vztah pro ka\u017ed\u00fd druh, byl vybr\u00e1n model vhodn\u00fd pro pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 popisov\u00e1n\u00ed vztahu akustiky a chov\u00e1n\u00ed pro v\u0161echny druhy. Tento model (tabulka \u010d. 2) ukazuje v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody podobn\u00e9 dovednosti pro ob\u011b varianty chov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ete.<\/p>\n

\"Mu-mu,
\nTabulka \u010d. 2: anal\u00fdza vztahu mezi akustickou komunikac\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159ete (denn\u00ed \/ no\u010dn\u00ed).<\/i><\/p>\n

Byla zji\u0161t\u011bna jasn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost akustick\u00e9 komunikace na chov\u00e1n\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost. Co je v\u0161ak zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, nebyla nalezena zp\u011btn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost - chov\u00e1n\u00ed na akustick\u00e9 komunikaci.<\/p>\n

Fylogenetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala \u00fazkou vazbu akustiky a no\u010dn\u00edho zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota (tabulka \u010d. 3).<\/p>\n

\"Mu-mu,
\nTabulka \u010d. 3: fylogenetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza vztahu akustick\u00e9 komunikace a denn\u00edho \/ no\u010dn\u00edho zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota. <\/i><\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza dat rovn\u011b\u017e uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edtomnost akustick\u00e9 komunikace nijak neovlivnila rychlost diverzifikace ve fylogenezi \u010dty\u0159noh\u00fdch. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 ukazatele diverzifikace (speciace - vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed; r = 0,08 ud\u00e1lost\u00ed na milion let) byly shodn\u00e9 jak pro linie druh\u016f s akustickou komunikac\u00ed, tak pro linie bez t\u00e9to dovednosti. Lze tedy p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edtomnost\/absence akustick\u00e9 komunikace nem\u011bla prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv na roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho druhu nebo na ud\u00e1losti spojen\u00e9 s jeho vznikem nebo vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n

\"Mu-mu,
\nObr\u00e1zek \u010d. 1: graf v\u00fdvoje akustick\u00e9 komunikace mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u010dty\u0159noh\u00fdmi.<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee akustick\u00e1 komunikace se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyv\u00edjela nez\u00e1visle v ka\u017ed\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed skupin\u011b \u010dty\u0159noh\u00fdch, ale jej\u00ed vznik byl d\u00e1vn\u00fd ve mnoha hlavn\u00edch kladech (~ 100\u2013200 milion\u016f let zp\u011bt). <\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad akustick\u00e1 komunikace se vyvinula dostate\u010dn\u011b brzy ve fylogenezi \u0159\u00e1du bezocas\u00fdch oboj\u017eiveln\u00edk\u016f (Anura<\/i>), ale zcela chyb\u00ed v sestersk\u00e9 skupin\u011b pro v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed dnes \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed \u017e\u00e1by z klad\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch rodiny Ascaphidae<\/i> (oc\u00e1skat\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1by) a Leiopelmatidae<\/i> (leiopelemov\u00e9).<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavost:<\/b>
\n\"Mu-mu,
\nLeiopelemov\u00e9 jsou endemici Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu a pova\u017euj\u00ed se za dlouhov\u011bk\u00e9 mezi \u017e\u00e1bami - samci \u017eij\u00ed a\u017e 37 let, zat\u00edmco samice a\u017e 35 let.<\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

U savc\u016f, stejn\u011b jako u \u017eab, vznikla akustick\u00e1 komunikace p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 200 miliony lety. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy tento dovednost v pr\u016fb\u011bhu evoluce ztratily, av\u0161ak drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina jej p\u0159enesla a\u017e do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f. V\u00fdjimku tvo\u0159\u00ed pt\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed, zd\u00e1 se, jsou jedin\u00ed, kdo se b\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho evolu\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed nevzdali akustick\u00e9 komunikace.<\/p>\n

Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee akustick\u00e1 komunikace byla p\u0159\u00edtomna jak u nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edho spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159edka dne\u0161n\u00edch pt\u00e1k\u016f, tak u nejstar\u0161\u00edho p\u0159edka dne\u0161n\u00edch krokod\u00fdl\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00e9mu z t\u011bchto p\u0159edk\u016f bylo kolem 100 milion\u016f let. Lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee akustick\u00e1 komunikace byla p\u0159\u00edtomna i u spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159edka t\u011bchto dvou skupin, tedy je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed 250 miliony lety. <\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavost:<\/b>
\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nN\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy gekon\u016f jsou schopn\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vat pro je\u0161t\u011brky nejneo\u010dek\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zvuky \u2014 \u0161t\u011bk\u00e1n\u00ed, cvak\u00e1n\u00ed, cvrlik\u00e1n\u00ed atd.<\/i> <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

U \u0161upinat\u00fdch je akustick\u00e1 komunikace p\u0159\u00edtomna pom\u011brn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u011b, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt spojeno s v\u00fdskytem v\u00fdhradn\u011b u no\u010dn\u00edch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, jako jsou gekoni (Gekkota). Relativn\u011b ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 evolu\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bny vedly k v\u00fdskytu akustick\u00e9 komunikace u n\u011bkter\u00fdch fylogeneticky izolovan\u00fdch druh\u016f mlok\u016f a \u017eelv.<\/p>\n

Pro podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sezn\u00e1men\u00ed s nuancemi v\u00fdzkumu doporu\u010duji nahl\u00e9dnout do zpr\u00e1vy v\u011bdc\u016f<\/a><\/noindex> a dal\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1ly<\/a><\/noindex> k n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Epilog<\/h3>\n

\nShrnuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echny v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, lze prakticky s plnou jistotou prohl\u00e1sit, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj akustick\u00e9 komunikace je n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem spojen s no\u010dn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem \u017eivota. To potvrzuje teorii o vlivu ekologie (prost\u0159ed\u00ed) na evolu\u010dn\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti druhu. P\u0159esto p\u0159\u00edtomnost akustick\u00e9 komunikace v podstat\u011b nem\u00e1 vliv na diverzifikaci druhu v dlouh\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee zvukov\u00e1 komunikace se objevila p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 100-200 miliony lety, a n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy \u010dty\u0159noh\u00fdch tuto schopnost udr\u017eely po celou dobu bez prakticky jak\u00fdchkoli zm\u011bn.<\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edtomnost akustick\u00e9 komunikace pro no\u010dn\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichy, i kdy\u017e je nesporn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem, nem\u00e1 negativn\u00ed vliv p\u0159i p\u0159echodu na denn\u00ed zp\u016fsob \u017eivota. Tento jednoduch\u00fd fakt potvrzuje, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve no\u010dn\u00ed druhy, p\u0159e\u0161la na denn\u00ed zp\u016fsob \u017eivota, tuto schopnost neztratily.<\/p>\n

Komunikace pomoc\u00ed zvuk\u016f podle tohoto v\u00fdzkumu lze pova\u017eovat za nejst\u00e1lej\u0161\u00ed evolu\u010dn\u00ed znak. Kdy\u017e se tato schopnost projevila, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nikdy nezmizela v pr\u016fb\u011bhu evoluce, co\u017e nelze \u0159\u00edci o jin\u00fdch typech p\u0159enosu sign\u00e1l\u016f, jako jsou jasn\u00e9 barvy nebo neobvykl\u00e9 tvary t\u011bla, pe\u0159\u00ed \u010di srsti. <\/p>\n

Podle v\u011bdc\u016f, jejich anal\u00fdza vztahu akustick\u00e9 komunikace a prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt aplikov\u00e1na i na dal\u0161\u00ed evolu\u010dn\u00ed znaky. P\u0159edt\u00edm se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee vliv ekologie na metody p\u0159enosu sign\u00e1l\u016f je omezen na rozd\u00edly mezi bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi druhy. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce lze s jistotou tvrdit, \u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy p\u0159enosu sign\u00e1l\u016f se tak\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na zm\u011bn\u00e1ch v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed. <\/p>\n

P\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed off-topic:<\/b>

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nSkv\u011bl\u00e1 uk\u00e1zka neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 rozmanitosti zvuk\u016f, kter\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy pt\u00e1k\u016f.<\/i><\/p>\n

Off-topic 2.0:<\/b>

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nOb\u010das zv\u00ed\u0159ata vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed velmi neobvykl\u00e9 a z\u00e1bavn\u00e9 zvuky.<\/i><\/p>\n

\nD\u011bkuji za pozornost, z\u016fsta\u0148te zv\u011bdav\u00ed a p\u0159eji v\u0161em skv\u011bl\u00e9 v\u00edkendy, kamar\u00e1di! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Mal\u00e1 reklama \ud83d\ude42<\/h3>\n

\nD\u011bkujeme, \u017ee s n\u00e1mi z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1te. L\u00edb\u00ed se v\u00e1m na\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky? Chcete vid\u011bt v\u00edce zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f? Podpo\u0159te n\u00e1s objedn\u00e1vkou nebo doporu\u010den\u00edm zn\u00e1m\u00fdm, cloudov\u00e9 VPS pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e od 4,99 $<\/a><\/noindex>, unik\u00e1tn\u00ed alternativa entry-level server\u016f, kterou jsme pro v\u00e1s vymysleli:<\/b> V\u0161echny pravdy o VPS (KVM) E5-2697 v3 (6 jader) 10GB DDR4 480GB SSD 1Gbps od 19 $ nebo jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b rozd\u011blit server?<\/a><\/noindex> (k dispozici varianty s RAID1 a RAID10, a\u017e 24 jader a a\u017e 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd je dvakr\u00e1t levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v datov\u00e9m centru Equinix Tier IV v Amsterdamu?<\/b> Jen u n\u00e1s 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB od 199 $<\/a><\/noindex> v Nizozemsku! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2GHz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 od 99 $!<\/b><\/b> \u010ct\u011bte o tom Jak postavit infrastrukturu podnikov\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy s pou\u017eit\u00edm server\u016f Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 v hodnot\u011b 9000 eur za pakatel?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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