{"id":55671,"date":"2020-01-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-24T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/kak-ya-uchu-detej-pitonu"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:48","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:48","slug":"kak-ya-uchu-detej-pitonu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/kak-ya-uchu-detej-pitonu","title":{"rendered":"Jak u\u010d\u00edm d\u011bti Pythonu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Jak
\n
\nMoje hlavn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce je spojena s daty a programov\u00e1n\u00edm v R<\/code>, ale v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se chci pod\u011blit o sv\u00e9 hobby, kter\u00e9 dokonce p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem. V\u017edy m\u011b bavilo vypr\u00e1v\u011bt a vysv\u011btlovat v\u011bci p\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm, spolu\u017e\u00e1k\u016fm a koleg\u016fm. Tak\u00e9 jsem v\u017edy m\u011bl snadnou komunikaci s d\u011btmi, nev\u00edm pro\u010d. Obecn\u011b si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00fdchova a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed je jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed, a nav\u00edc moje \u017eena je u\u010ditelka. Asi p\u0159ed rokem jsem dal inzer\u00e1t v m\u00edstn\u00ed skupin\u011b na Facebooku, sestavil jsem skupinu a za\u010dal u\u010dit Scratch a Python jednou t\u00fddn\u011b. Te\u010f m\u00e1m p\u011bt skupin, svou u\u010debnu doma a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed lekce. Jak jsem se k tomu dostal a jak d\u011bti u\u010d\u00edm, pov\u00edm v\u00e1m v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u017diji v Kanad\u011b, v Calgary, provincie Alberta, tak\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 momenty budou spojeny s m\u00edstn\u00edmi specifiky. <\/p>\n

Prostor<\/h2>\n

\nZaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edsta pro v\u00fduku bylo od za\u010d\u00e1tku hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem. Sna\u017eil jsem se hledat kancel\u00e1\u0159e a u\u010debny k pron\u00e1jmu na hodinu, ale moc \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b to ne\u0161lo. Na\u0161e univerzita a SAIT \u2014 m\u00edstn\u00ed ekvivalent MIT \u2014 pronaj\u00edmaj\u00ed u\u010debny s po\u010d\u00edta\u010di i bez. Ceny se uk\u00e1zaly jako dost vysok\u00e9 a nakonec jsem zjistil, \u017ee univerzita nepou\u0161t\u00ed nezletil\u00e9, a SAIT pronaj\u00edm\u00e1 pouze sv\u00fdm student\u016fm. Tento variant tedy vypadl. Existuje mnoho kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch center, kter\u00e9 pronaj\u00edmaj\u00ed zasedac\u00ed m\u00edstnosti a kancel\u00e1\u0159e na hodinu, a jsou cel\u00e9 firmy, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed spoustu mo\u017enost\u00ed od plnohodnotn\u00e9 u\u010debny po m\u00edstnost pro \u010dty\u0159i osoby. M\u011bl jsem velk\u00e9 nad\u011bje, proto\u017ee Alberta je ropn\u00e1 provincie a od roku 2014 proch\u00e1z\u00edme pomalou kriz\u00ed a mnoho komer\u010dn\u00edch prostor je neobsazen\u00fdch. Zbyte\u010dn\u011b jsem doufal, ceny byly tak \u0161\u00edlen\u00e9, \u017ee jsem to zprvu ani nev\u011b\u0159il. Vlastn\u00edk\u016fm d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl rad\u011bji nechat prostory pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 a hradit n\u00e1klady, ne\u017e sout\u011b\u017eit cenami. <\/p>\n

V tu chv\u00edli jsem si vzpomn\u011bl, \u017ee pravideln\u011b plat\u00edm dan\u011b, a jestli n\u00e1hodou nen\u00ed n\u011bco u na\u0161eho drah\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno \u2013 u m\u011bsta Calgary. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee je. M\u011bsto m\u00e1 ar\u00e9ny pro hran\u00ed hokeje a r\u016fzn\u00fdch brusla\u0159sk\u00fdch discipl\u00edn, a v t\u011bchto ar\u00e9n\u00e1ch jsou m\u00edstnosti, kde p\u0159\u00edsn\u00ed ledov\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci diskutuj\u00ed o strategi\u00edch budouc\u00edch bitev. Zkr\u00e1tka, u ka\u017ed\u00e9 ar\u00e9ny je p\u00e1r m\u00edstnost\u00ed se stoly, \u017eidlemi, b\u00edlou tabul\u00ed a dokonce d\u0159ezem s konvic\u00ed. Cena je v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u0159ijateln\u00e1 \u2013 25 kanadsk\u00fdch dolar\u016f za hodinu. P\u016fvodn\u011b jsem se rozhodl d\u011blat lekce po jeden a p\u016fl hodin\u011b, tak\u017ee jsem stanovil cenu za lekci na 35 dolar\u016f na osobu ve skupin\u011b p\u011bti lid\u00ed, abych pokryl n\u00e1klady na pron\u00e1jem a n\u011bco si dal do kapsy. Celkov\u011b m\u011b bavilo cvi\u010dit v ar\u00e9n\u00e1ch, to vy\u0159e\u0161ilo jeden z probl\u00e9m\u016f \u2013 v\u011bt\u0161ina rusky mluv\u00edc\u00edch \u017eije na jihu, zat\u00edmco j\u00e1 bydl\u00edm na severu m\u011bsta, tak\u017ee jsem vybral ar\u00e9nu zhruba uprost\u0159ed. M\u011blo to ale i sv\u00e1 \u00faskal\u00ed. Kanadsk\u00e1 byrokracie je dobr\u00e1 a p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e1, ale abych to \u0159ekl jemn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ob\u010das trochu nemotorn\u00e1. Nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kdy\u017e si zvyknete na rytmus a pl\u00e1nujete dop\u0159edu, ale ob\u010das se objev\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 chv\u00edle. Nap\u0159\u00edklad na webu m\u011bsta si snadno m\u016f\u017eete vybrat \u010das a m\u00edsto, rezervovat m\u00edstnost, ale zaplatit nelze, v\u016fbec. Oni sami zavolaj\u00ed a p\u0159ijmou platbu kartou. M\u016f\u017eete zajet do kancel\u00e1\u0159e a zaplatit hotov\u011b. Byl tu z\u00e1bavn\u00fd, ale ne moc p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd moment, kdy jsem o\u010dek\u00e1val jejich telefon\u00e1t, abych zaplatil za druhou lekci, ale nedo\u010dkal jsem se, a v kancel\u00e1\u0159i jsem na posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli p\u0159i\u0161el o patn\u00e1ct minut pozd\u011b. Musel jsem s drz\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem p\u0159istoupit k ochrance a lh\u00e1t, \u017ee m\u00edstnost je rezervov\u00e1na. My Kana\u010fan\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159\u00edme na slovo, pustili m\u011b v klidu d\u00e1l a nic neprov\u011b\u0159ovali, ale j\u00e1 bych to takto ned\u011blal, kdyby lid\u00e9 u\u017e k lekci nejeli. <\/p>\n

Tak jsem se v\u011bnoval v\u00fduce zimu a na ja\u0159e, a pak p\u0159i\u0161ly zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 se staly posledn\u00ed kapkou. Zaprv\u00e9, kancel\u00e1\u0159 byla uzav\u0159ena pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky a nab\u00eddli, \u017ee platbu p\u0159ijmou telefonicky za rohem. \u010cekal jsem alespo\u0148 p\u016fl hodiny na chodb\u011b, ne\u017e jsem se dovolal. Zadruh\u00e9, zat\u00edmco d\u0159\u00edve mil\u00e1 pan\u00ed brala platbu za hodinu a p\u016fl, nyn\u00ed zvedla telefon n\u011bjak\u00e1 d\u00edvka a prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee platba je pouze za jednu hodinu. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b jsem m\u011bl ve skupin\u011b bu\u010f t\u0159i, nebo dva lidi, a nav\u00edc $12,5 nebylo v\u016fbec zanedbateln\u00fdch. Jsem samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ideov\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd, ale pokud m\u011b \u017eena vyhod\u00ed na ulici, nikdo nebude u\u010dit. Tehdy jsem je\u0161t\u011b byl bez pr\u00e1ce. <\/p>\n

A rozhodl jsem se j\u00edt do knihovny. Knihovny pronaj\u00edmaj\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti zcela zdarma, ale je tu jedno ale \u2014 nelze tam vykon\u00e1vat komer\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnost. Ani charitativn\u00ed organizace nemaj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo tam vyb\u00edrat pen\u00edze. \u0158\u00edkali mi, \u017ee to a\u017e tak nekontroluj\u00ed, hlavn\u00ed je, \u017ee tam p\u0159\u00edmo nevyb\u00edr\u00e1te pen\u00edze na vstup, ale j\u00e1 opravdu nerad poru\u0161uji pravidla. Dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee m\u00edstnosti jsou \u010dasto obsazen\u00e9 a je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 organizovat lekce podle rozvrhu na jednom m\u00edst\u011b v jeden \u010das. U\u010dil jsem v knihovn\u00e1ch v l\u00e9t\u011b a na za\u010d\u00e1tku zimy, musel jsem vyb\u00edrat ty, kde bylo m\u00edsto, nakonec jsem zm\u011bnil p\u011bt a\u017e \u0161est knihoven. Pak jsem za\u010dal rezervovat m\u00edsto na dva m\u011bs\u00edce dop\u0159edu, a to se mi poda\u0159ilo jen v jedn\u00e9 mal\u00e9 knihovn\u011b, v ostatn\u00edch pravideln\u011b nebylo m\u00edsto ve spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u010das. A tehdy jsem se rozhodl ud\u011blat po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou t\u0159\u00eddu doma. Pov\u011bsil jsem tabuli, koupil ze seznamu druh\u00fd st\u016fl a p\u00e1r star\u00fdch monitor\u016f. Pr\u00e1ce mi firma koupila nov\u00fd v\u00fdkonn\u00fd notebook, proto\u017ee m\u016fj po\u010d\u00edta\u010d pot\u0159eboval na anal\u00fdzu skoro 24 hodin. Tak\u017ee jsem m\u011bl nov\u00fd star\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, star\u00fd star\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, notebook, jeho\u017e obrazovku rozbil m\u016fj mal\u00fd, a star\u00fd netbook, na kter\u00e9m jsem rozbil obrazovku j\u00e1 s\u00e1m. V\u0161echny jsem p\u0159ipojil k monitor\u016fm a nainstaloval v\u0161ude Linux Mint, krom\u011b netbooku, na kter\u00fd jsem dal \u00fapln\u011b lehkou distribuci, mysl\u00edm, \u017ee Puppy. M\u00e1m je\u0161t\u011b star\u00fd nov\u00fd notebook koupen\u00fd za 200 dolar\u016f, p\u0159ipojil jsem ho k televizi. Je\u0161t\u011b je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zm\u00ednit, \u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 majitel n\u00e1m ned\u00e1vno vym\u011bnil okna, a v pokoji m\u00e1me nyn\u00ed m\u00edsto hrozn\u00e9ho rozpadl\u00e9ho odpadu nov\u00e9 b\u00edl\u00e9 r\u00e1my. Ob\u00fdvac\u00ed pokoj, kuchy\u0148 a druhou lo\u017enici man\u017eelka udr\u017euje pro d\u011btskou \u0161kolku, tak\u017ee cel\u00e9 patro je pedagogicky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9. Tak\u017ee nyn\u00ed je s prostorem v\u0161e v po\u0159\u00e1dku, p\u0159ejd\u011bme k vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Scratch<\/h2>\n

\nZa\u010d\u00edn\u00e1m s u\u010den\u00edm z\u00e1klad\u016f programov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed jazyka Scratch. Je to jazyk, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hotov\u00e9 bloky, byl vynalezen na MIT. V\u011bt\u0161ina d\u011bt\u00ed u\u017e Scratch vid\u011bla ve \u0161kole, tak\u017ee se rychle osv\u011bd\u010duje. Existuj\u00ed hotov\u00e9 programy a pl\u00e1ny lekc\u00ed, ale mn\u011b se v\u016fbec nel\u00edb\u00ed. Jedny jsou divn\u00e9 \u2014 vytvo\u0159 si svou vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, nap\u0159\u00edklad. Cel\u00fd program tvo\u0159\u00ed nespo\u010detn\u00e9 bloky. say '' for 2 seconds<\/code>. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee to vymysleli velmi kreativn\u00ed osobnosti, ale s takov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem lze nau\u010dit ps\u00e1t klasick\u00fd indick\u00fd spaghetti k\u00f3d. J\u00e1 od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku vypr\u00e1v\u00edm o principech jako D.R.Y. Jin\u00e1 sb\u00edrka \u00faloh je tak\u00e9 docela dobr\u00e1, ale d\u011bti rychle pochop\u00ed podstatu a za\u010dnou je d\u011blat, jako by z kulometu. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee za jednu lekci ud\u011blaj\u00ed to, co m\u011bly ud\u011blat za p\u011bt. A na vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a vyb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed \u00faloh tr\u00e1v\u00edm hodn\u011b osobn\u00edho \u010dasu. V\u016fbec, Scratch v\u00edce p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 ne jazyk, ale IDE, kde je t\u0159eba si jen zapamatovat, kam kliknout a kde n\u011bco hledat. Jakmile se \u017e\u00e1ci v\u00edce m\u00e9n\u011b uvedou do obrazu, sna\u017e\u00edm se je p\u0159en\u00e9st na Python. M\u00e1m dokonce sedmiletou hol\u010di\u010dku, kter\u00e1 p\u00ed\u0161e jednoduch\u00e9 programy v Pythonu. Co vid\u00edm jako p\u0159\u00ednos Scratche, jsou v n\u011bm z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pojmy, kter\u00e9 se osvoj\u00ed hravou formou. Pro\u010dsi je v\u0161em bez v\u00fdjimky velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 pochopit my\u0161lenku prom\u011bnn\u00e9. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku jsem tuto tematiku rychle prob\u00edhal a \u0161el d\u00e1l, dokud jsem se nesetkal s t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u016fbec nev\u011bd\u00ed, co s t\u00edm d\u011blat. Te\u010f v\u011bnuji prom\u011bnn\u00fdm hodn\u011b \u010dasu a neust\u00e1le se k nim vrac\u00edm. Mus\u00edm se zab\u00fdvat tup\u00fdm bu\u0161en\u00edm. Na obrazovce m\u011bn\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00e9 prom\u011bnn\u00e9 a nut\u00edm je \u0159\u00edkat jejich hodnotu. Tak\u00e9 v Scratch existuj\u00ed kontroln\u00ed struktury a kontroly hodnot, jako while<\/code>, for<\/code> nebo if<\/code> v Pythonu. Jsou d\u00e1v\u00e1ny dost snadno, jen s vno\u0159en\u00fdmi cykly b\u00fdvaj\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Sna\u017e\u00edm se d\u00e1t n\u011bkolik \u00faloh s vno\u0159en\u00fdm cyklem, aby bylo jeho p\u016fsoben\u00ed n\u00e1zorn\u00e9. Pot\u00e9 p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00edm k funkc\u00edm. I pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pojem funkce nejasn\u00fd, a pro d\u011bti t\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e. Dlouho se rozpl\u00fdv\u00e1m, co vlastn\u011b funkce je, vypr\u00e1v\u00edm o tov\u00e1rn\u011b, kter\u00e1 dost\u00e1v\u00e1 na vstupu p\u0159edm\u011bty a vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 zbo\u017e\u00ed, o kucha\u0159i, kter\u00fd z syrov\u00fdch ingredienc\u00ed d\u011bl\u00e1 j\u00eddlo. Pak vytvo\u0159\u00edme program \u201eud\u011blej sendvi\u010d\u201c s ingrediencemi a pot\u00e9 z n\u011bj ud\u011bl\u00e1me funkci, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1me ingredience jako parametry. Na studiu funkc\u00ed kon\u010d\u00edm se Scratchem. <\/p>\n

Python<\/h2>\n

\nS Pythone je to jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Existuje dobr\u00e1 kniha Python for Kids, podle n\u00ed\u017e u\u010d\u00edm. V\u0161echno je standardn\u00ed \u2014 \u0159et\u011bzce, po\u0159ad\u00ed operac\u00ed, print()<\/code>, input() <\/code>a atd. Naps\u00e1no jednoduch\u00fdm jazykem, s humorem, d\u011btem se to l\u00edb\u00ed. M\u00e1 v\u0161ak nev\u00fdhodu, kter\u00e1 je vlastn\u00ed mnoha knih\u00e1m o programov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jak v zn\u00e1m\u00e9m vtipu - jak nakreslit sovu. Ov\u00e1l - kruh - sova. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 prudk\u00fd p\u0159echod od jednoduch\u00fdch pojm\u016f k pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fdm koncept\u016fm. Na to, \u017ee se objekt spojuje s metodou te\u010dkou, pot\u0159ebuji n\u011bkolik hodin. Na druhou stranu, nesp\u011bch\u00e1m, opakuji to sam\u00e9 v\u00edckr\u00e1t, dokud se neobjev\u00ed alespo\u0148 n\u011bjak\u00fd obraz. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1m u prom\u011bnn\u00fdch a znovu je prob\u00edr\u00e1m, u\u017e v Pythonu. Prom\u011bnn\u00e9 jsou jak\u00fdsi proklet\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Bystr\u00fd student, kter\u00fd p\u0159ed p\u00e1r m\u011bs\u00edci obratn\u011b zvl\u00e1dal prom\u011bnn\u00e9 na scratchi, te\u010f kouk\u00e1 jako tel\u00e1tko na nov\u00e1 vrata a nem\u016f\u017ee spojit x s y, kter\u00e9 jsou jasn\u011b napsan\u00e9 na tabuli o \u0159\u00e1dek v\u00fd\u0161e. Opakujeme! Co m\u00e1 prom\u011bnn\u00e1? Jm\u00e9no a hodnotu! Co znamen\u00e1 znak rovnosti? P\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed! A jak zkontrolujeme rovnost? Dvojit\u00fd znak rovnosti! A tak opakujeme znovu a znovu, a\u017e do \u00fapln\u00e9ho osv\u00edcen\u00ed. Potom p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00edme k funkc\u00edm, tam nejv\u00edc \u010dasu zabere vysv\u011btlov\u00e1n\u00ed argument\u016f. Pojmenovan\u00e9 argumenty, podle pozic, s v\u00fdchoz\u00edmi hodnotami atd. Do t\u0159\u00edd jsme v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 skupin\u011b je\u0161t\u011b nedo\u0161li. Krom\u011b Pythonu podle knihy se u\u010d\u00edme popul\u00e1rn\u00ed algoritmy, o tom v\u00edce d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n

Vlastn\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n

\nHodina u m\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 takto - p\u016fl hodiny d\u00e1m teorii, ov\u011b\u0159uji znalosti, upev\u0148uji to, co jsme pro\u0161li. Hodina - laborato\u0159e. \u010casto m\u011b to bav\u00ed a p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161\u00edm hodinu, pak zbyde na praktickou \u010d\u00e1st p\u016fl hodiny. Kdy\u017e jsem se u\u010dil Python, shl\u00e9dl jsem kurz Algoritmy a datov\u00e9 struktury<\/i> Chirjanova z MFTI. Velmi se mi l\u00edbilo jeho pod\u00e1n\u00ed a struktura p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek. Jeho my\u0161lenka je takov\u00e1 \u2014 r\u00e1mce, syntaxe, knihovny \u2014 zastar\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Architektura, t\u00fdmov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce, syst\u00e9my version control \u2014 zda je to brzy. Nakonec z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed algoritmy a datov\u00e9 struktury, kter\u00e9 jsou d\u00e1vno zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a budou v\u017edy v podobn\u00e9m tvaru. J\u00e1 s\u00e1m z institutn\u00edho Pascala si pamatuji jen cel\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla. Proto\u017ee moji \u017e\u00e1ci jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou mlad\u00ed, od sedmi do patn\u00e1cti let, pova\u017euji za d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed polo\u017eit z\u00e1klady pro jejich budoucnost, ne\u017e co nejd\u0159\u00edve napsat platformer v Pythonu. I kdy\u017e, oni cht\u011bj\u00ed platformer v\u00edc a j\u00e1 je ch\u00e1pu. D\u00e1v\u00e1m jim jednoduch\u00e9 algoritmy \u2014 bublinkov\u00e9, bin\u00e1rn\u00ed vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v se\u0159azen\u00e9m seznamu, zp\u011btnou polskou notaci pomoc\u00ed z\u00e1sobn\u00edku, ale ka\u017ed\u00fd se podrobn\u011b rozeb\u00edr\u00e1me. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee modern\u00ed d\u011bti v\u016fbec nev\u011bd\u00ed, jak po\u010d\u00edta\u010d funguje, tak\u00e9 o tom vypr\u00e1v\u00edm. Sna\u017e\u00edm se v ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce spojit n\u011bkolik pojm\u016f dohromady. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, po\u010d\u00edta\u010d \u2014 pam\u011b\u0165\/proces \u2014 pam\u011b\u0165 z bun\u011bk (d\u00e1v\u00e1m jim podr\u017eet modul pam\u011bti, h\u00e1dejte, kolik zde je bun\u011bk) \u2014 ka\u017ed\u00e1 bu\u0148ka jako \u017e\u00e1rovka \u2014 m\u00e1 dva stavy \u2014 pravda\/nepravda \u2014 a\/nebo \u2014 bin\u00e1rn\u00ed\/desetinn\u00e9 \u2014 8 bit\u016f = 1 byte \u2014 byte = 256 variant \u2014 logick\u00fd datov\u00fd typ na jednom bitu \u2014 cel\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo na jednom byte \u2014 float<\/code> na dvou bytech \u2014 string<\/code> na jednom byte \u2014 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo na 64 bitech \u2014 seznam a tuple z p\u0159edchoz\u00edch typ\u016f. Upozor\u0148uji, \u017ee v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edta\u010di je v\u0161echno trochu jinak a jin\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pam\u011bti pro tyto datov\u00e9 typy, ale hlavn\u00ed je, \u017ee my sami v procesu vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed datov\u00e9 typy z jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edch. Datov\u00e9 typy jsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b to nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co je t\u0159eba si zapamatovat. Proto ka\u017edou lekci za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1m rychl\u00fdm zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00edm \u2014 jeden \u017e\u00e1k \u0159ekne datov\u00fd typ, dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159inese dva p\u0159\u00edklady, a tak d\u00e1le dokola. Nakonec jsem dos\u00e1hl toho, \u017ee i ti nejmlad\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti energicky vyk\u0159ikuj\u00ed \u2014 float! boolean! sedm, p\u011bt! pizza, auto! B\u011bhem p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky neust\u00e1le kontroluji to jednoho, pak druh\u00e9ho, jinak brzo za\u010dnou \u0161kr\u00e1bat nos a d\u00edvat se na strop. A \u00farove\u0148 znalost\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho mus\u00ed b\u00fdt mezi t\u00edm kontrolov\u00e1na. <\/p>\n

Moji \u017e\u00e1ci m\u011b nep\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ekvapovat jak svou hloupost\u00ed, tak neo\u010dek\u00e1vanou bystrost\u00ed. Bystrost\u00ed, na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u010dast\u011bji. <\/p>\n

Cht\u011bl jsem napsat v\u00edce, ale u\u017e to vy\u0161lo jako dlouh\u00fd text. R\u00e1d odpov\u00edm na v\u0161echny ot\u00e1zky. Jakoukoli kritiku v\u00edt\u00e1m, jen pros\u00edm \u2014 bu\u010fme k sob\u011b v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch shov\u00edvav\u00ed. Je to mil\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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