{"id":55735,"date":"2020-01-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-26T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/eshhe-raz-o-devops-i-sre"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:52","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:52","slug":"eshhe-raz-o-devops-i-sre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eshhe-raz-o-devops-i-sre","title":{"rendered":"Je\u0161t\u011b jednou o DevOps a SRE","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b diskuse v chatu AWS Minsk Community<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se vedou skute\u010dn\u00e9 bitvy o definici pojm\u016f DevOps a SRE.
\nI kdy\u017e u\u017e se mnoh\u00e9 diskuse na toto t\u00e9ma staly pon\u011bkud \u00fanavn\u00fdmi, i pro m\u011b, rozhodl jsem se p\u0159edlo\u017eit sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory komunit\u011b Habr. Pokud v\u00e1s to zaj\u00edm\u00e1, v\u00edtejte pod kat. A\u0165 v\u0161e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 znovu!
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pozad\u00ed<\/h4>\n

\nTak\u017ee, v d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch \u017eily odd\u011blen\u011b t\u00fdmy developer\u016f a administr\u00e1tor\u016f server\u016f. Prvn\u00ed \u0161\u0165astn\u011b psali k\u00f3d, druz\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e1 v\u0159el\u00e1 slova v\u016f\u010di prvn\u00edm, nastavovali servery, ob\u010das se\u0161li k developer\u016fm a dost\u00e1vali v odpov\u011b\u010f vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed 'na m\u00e9m stroji to funguje'. Firmy \u010dekaly na software, v\u0161echno st\u00e1lo, ob\u010das se to rozbilo a v\u0161ichni byli nerv\u00f3zn\u00ed. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ten, kdo za ten nepo\u0159\u00e1dek platil. Slavn\u00e1 lampov\u00e1 \u00e9ra. Ale to u\u017e v\u00edte, odkud se berou DevOps. <\/p>\n

Zrozen\u00ed praktik DevOps<\/h4>\n

\nPak p\u0159i\u0161li v\u00e1\u017en\u00ed p\u00e1nov\u00e9 a \u0159ekli - tohle nen\u00ed pr\u016fmysl, takto fungovat nelze. A p\u0159ivedli modely \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu. T\u0159eba V-model.<\/p>\n

\"Je\u0161t\u011b
\nTak\u017ee, co vid\u00edme? Firmy p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed s konceptem, architekti navrhuj\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed k\u00f3d, d\u00e1le - propad. N\u011bkdo n\u011bjak testuje produkt, n\u011bkdo n\u011bjak dod\u00e1v\u00e1 koncov\u00e9mu u\u017eivateli a na v\u00fdstupu tohoto z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9ho modelu sed\u00ed osam\u011bl\u00fd obchodn\u00ed objednavatel a \u010dek\u00e1 na sl\u00edben\u00e9 z\u00e1zraky. Do\u0161li k z\u00e1v\u011bru - pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed metody, kter\u00e9 tento proces umo\u017en\u00ed zefektivnit. A rozhodli se vytvo\u0159it praktiky, kter\u00e9 by je realizovaly.<\/p>\n

Lyrick\u00e9 odbo\u010den\u00ed na t\u00e9ma, co je to praxe<\/b>
\nPod praktikou rozum\u00edm spojen\u00ed technologie a discipl\u00edny. P\u0159\u00edklad - praxe popisu infrastruktury k\u00f3dem v terraformu. Discipl\u00edna - to, jak popisovat infrastrukturu k\u00f3dem, to je v hlav\u011b v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e, a technologie - to je vlastn\u011b terraform.<\/p>\n

A rozhodli se je nazvat DevOps praktikami \u2014 mysl\u00edm, \u017ee t\u00edm m\u011bli na mysli z v\u00fdvoje do provozu. Vymysleli r\u016fzn\u00e9 komplikovan\u00e9 v\u011bci \u2014 CI\/CD praktiky, praktiky zalo\u017een\u00e9 na principu IaC, tis\u00edce jich. A za\u010dalo to, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed k\u00f3d, DevOps in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i transformuj\u00ed popis syst\u00e9mu v podob\u011b k\u00f3du na funguj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my (ano, k\u00f3d je bohu\u017eel pouze popis, ale nikoli zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9mu), dod\u00e1vka se rozb\u00edh\u00e1, a tak d\u00e1le. V\u010derej\u0161\u00ed administr\u00e1to\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed se nau\u010dili nov\u00e9 praktiky, se hrd\u011b p\u0159e\u0161kolili na DevOps in\u017een\u00fdry, a v\u0161echno se rozjelo. A byl ve\u010der, a bylo r\u00e1no\u2026 omlouv\u00e1m se, to nen\u00ed odtud.<\/p>\n

V\u0161echno op\u011bt nen\u00ed s Bohem.<\/h4>\n

\nJakmile se v\u0161e uklidnilo, za\u010dali r\u016fzn\u00ed chytr\u00ed \u201emetodologov\u00e9\u201c ps\u00e1t tlust\u00e9 knihy o DevOps praktik\u00e1ch, ti\u0161e se rozho\u0159ely spory o tom, kdo vlastn\u011b je pov\u011bstn\u00fd DevOps in\u017een\u00fdr a co DevOps \u2014 to je kultura v\u00fdroby, op\u011bt vze\u0161lo nesouhlasn\u00e9 hlasy. Najednou se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee dod\u00e1vka softwaru \u2014 je naprosto netrivi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fakol. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 v\u00fdvojov\u00e1 infrastruktura m\u00e1 sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed stack, n\u011bkde je pot\u0159eba n\u011bco sestavit, n\u011bkde nasadit prost\u0159ed\u00ed, tady je pot\u0159eba tomcat, jinde je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjak\u00fd slo\u017eit\u00fd zp\u016fsob spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u2014 obecn\u011b, hlava prask\u00e1. A je\u0161t\u011b probl\u00e9m, jak se uk\u00e1zalo, je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v organizaci proces\u016f \u2014 tato funkce dod\u00e1vky, jako \u00fazk\u00e9 hrdlo, za\u010dala blokovat procesy. Krom\u011b toho provoz (Operations) nikdo nezru\u0161il. V modelu V nen\u00ed vid\u011bt, a tam je je\u0161t\u011b cel\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus vpravo. Nakonec je t\u0159eba n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem udr\u017eovat infrastrukturu, sledovat monitoring, \u0159e\u0161it incidenty, a je\u0161t\u011b se v\u011bnovat dod\u00e1vce. Tedy sed\u011bt jednou nohou jak v v\u00fdvoji, tak v provozu \u2014 a najednou vznikl takov\u00fd Development & Operations. A k tomu je\u0161t\u011b dorazil masivn\u00ed hype na mikroservisy. A s nimi tak\u00e9 v\u00fdvoj z lok\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f za\u010dal p\u0159ech\u00e1zet do cloudu \u2014 zkus n\u011bco odladit lok\u00e1ln\u011b, pokud je mikroservis\u016f des\u00edtky a stovky, tady u\u017e st\u00e1l\u00e1 dod\u00e1vka se st\u00e1v\u00e1 prost\u0159edkem p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Pro \u201emalou skromnou firmu\u201c je\u0161t\u011b jde, ale co Google?<\/p>\n

SRE od Google<\/h4>\n

\nP\u0159i\u0161el Google, sn\u011bdl nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kaktusy a rozhodl se \u2013 tohle nepot\u0159ebujeme, pot\u0159ebujeme spolehlivost. A spolehlivost je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00eddit. A rozhodl \u2013 pot\u0159ebujeme specialisty, kte\u0159\u00ed budou spolehlivost \u0159\u00eddit. Nazval je SR in\u017een\u00fdry a \u0159ekl: tady m\u00e1te v\u0161echno, ud\u011blejte to, jak jste zvykl\u00ed, dob\u0159e. Tady m\u00e1te SLI, tady m\u00e1te SLO, tady m\u00e1te monitoring. A uk\u00e1zal jim na operace. A nazval sv\u016fj \"spolehliv\u00fd DevOps\" SRE. Vypad\u00e1 to v\u0161echno dob\u0159e, ale existuje jeden \u0161pinav\u00fd hack, kter\u00fd si Google mohl dovolit \u2013 na pozici SR in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f naj\u00edmat lidi s kvalifikac\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se krom\u011b toho je\u0161t\u011b trochu vyznali ve fungov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. Pot\u00ed\u017ee s naj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto lid\u00ed m\u011bl i samotn\u00fd Google \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, \u017ee zde sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed s\u00e1m se sebou \u2013 p\u0159ece jen je pot\u0159eba tak\u00e9 popsat byznys logiku. Dod\u00e1vky p\u0159ehodil na release in\u017een\u00fdry, SR in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i \u0159\u00edd\u00ed spolehlivost (jasn\u011b, ne p\u0159\u00edmo, ale ovlivn\u011bn\u00edm infrastruktury, zm\u011bnou architektury, sledov\u00e1n\u00edm zm\u011bn a ukazatel\u016f, \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm incident\u016f). P\u011bkn\u00e9, \u017ee? ps\u00e1t knihy<\/a><\/noindex>. A co d\u011blat, kdy\u017e nejste Google a spolehlivost v\u00e1s p\u0159ece jen n\u011bjak tr\u00e1p\u00ed?<\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj my\u0161lenek DevOps<\/h4>\n

\nTady pr\u00e1v\u011b dorazil Docker, kter\u00fd vyrostl z lxc a pot\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 orchestrace jako Docker Swarm a Kubernetes, a DevOps in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i si oddechli \u2013 unifikace praktik zjednodu\u0161ila dod\u00e1vku. Zjednodu\u0161ila to tak, \u017ee se dokonce stalo mo\u017en\u00e9 sv\u011b\u0159it dod\u00e1vku v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm \u2013 co by takov\u00e9 deployment.yaml. Containerizace \u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m. A zralost syst\u00e9m\u016f CI\/CD u\u017e dosahuje \u00farovn\u011b, kdy sta\u010d\u00ed napsat jeden soubor a v\u0161e jede \u2013 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i si s t\u00edm porad\u00ed sami. A tady za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me mluvit o tom, jak ud\u011blat sv\u00e9 SRE, s\u2026 kdokoli. <\/p>\n

SRE ne v Googlu<\/h4>\n

\nDob\u0159e, dopravu jsme vy\u0159\u00eddili, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eeme vydechnout a vr\u00e1tit se k t\u011bm dobr\u00fdm star\u00fdm \u010das\u016fm, kdy administr\u00e1to\u0159i sledovali zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed procesor\u016f, ladili syst\u00e9my a ti\u0161e pop\u00edjeli n\u011bco nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho z hrnk\u016f v tichu a klidu... Zastavte se. Ned\u011blali jsme to v\u0161echno kv\u016fli tomu (\u0161koda!). Najednou se ukazuje, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edstupu Googlu m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159evz\u00edt skv\u011bl\u00e9 praktiky \u2014 nen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed procesor\u016f, ani jak \u010dasto m\u011bn\u00edme disky nebo optimalizujeme n\u00e1klady v cloudu, ale obchodn\u00ed metriky \u2014 v\u0161echny ty proslul\u00e9 SLx. A spr\u00e1va infrastruktury s t\u00edm nikdo nezru\u0161il, incidenty je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it, pravideln\u011b b\u00fdt na str\u00e1\u017ei a v\u016fbec se orientovat v obchodn\u00edch procesech. A kluci, za\u010dn\u011bte u\u017e pomalu programovat na dobr\u00e9 \u00farovni, Googlu se u\u017e po v\u00e1s st\u00fdsk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Shrnuto. N\u00e1hle, ale u\u017e jste unaveni \u010d\u00edst a nem\u016f\u017eete se do\u010dkat, a\u017e nap\u00ed\u0161ete autorovi \u010dl\u00e1nek v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch. DevOps jako praktiky dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed byly, jsou a budou. A nikam nezmiz\u00ed. SRE jako soubor praktick\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f pro provozov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bl\u00e1 toto dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435 AWS Minsk Community \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f DevOps \u0438 SRE. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0432 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