{"id":55763,"date":"2020-01-28T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-27T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/l1des-cacheout-i-vrs-novye-uyazvimosti-v-mikroarhitekturnyh-strukturah-cpu-intel"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:54","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:54","slug":"l1des-cacheout-i-vrs-novye-uyazvimosti-v-mikroarhitekturnyh-strukturah-cpu-intel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/l1des-cacheout-i-vrs-novye-uyazvimosti-v-mikroarhitekturnyh-strukturah-cpu-intel","title":{"rendered":"L1DES (CacheOut) a VRS \u2014 nov\u00e9 zranitelnosti v mikroarchitektonick\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch CPU Intel","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Spole\u010dnost Intel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.intel.com\/technology\/2020\/01\/ipas-intel-sa-00329\/\">odhalila<\/a><\/noindex> Informace o dvou nov\u00fdch zranitelnostech v procesorech Intel, zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch \u00fanikem dat z cache L1D (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/software-guidance\/l1d-eviction-sampling\">CVE-2020-0549<\/a><\/noindex>, L1DES \u2014 L1D Eviction Sampling) a vektorov\u00fdch registr\u016f (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/software-guidance\/vector-register-sampling\">CVE-2020-0548<\/a><\/noindex>, VRS \u2014 Vector Register Sampling). Zranitelnosti pat\u0159\u00ed do t\u0159\u00eddy <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50684\">MDS<\/a><\/noindex> (Microarchitectural Data Sampling) a vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z pou\u017eit\u00ed metod anal\u00fdzy kan\u00e1ly pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dat v mikroarchitektonick\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch. Procesory AMD, ARM a dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my nemaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje zranitelnost L1DES, kter\u00e1  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/solutions\/l1d-cache-eviction-and-vector-register-sampling\">umo\u017e\u0148uje<\/a><\/noindex> usazen\u00ed blok\u016f pro_cached data (cache line), vy\u0159azen\u00fdch z prvn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b cache (L1D), do vypl\u0148ovac\u00edho bufferu (Fill Buffer), kter\u00fd by m\u011bl b\u00fdt v tomto okam\u017eiku pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd. K ur\u010den\u00ed usazen\u00fdch dat v vypl\u0148ovac\u00edm bufferu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed metody anal\u00fdzy kan\u00e1ly, d\u0159\u00edve navr\u017een\u00e9 v \u00fatoc\u00edch <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50684\">MDS<\/a><\/noindex> (Microarchitectural Data Sampling) a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51852\">TAA<\/a><\/noindex> (Transactional Asynchronous Abort). Podstata d\u0159\u00edve realizovan\u00e9 ochrany p\u0159ed<br \/>\nMDS a TAA spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mikroarchitektonick\u00fdch buffer\u016f p\u0159ed p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm kontextu, ale jak se uk\u00e1zalo, za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek jsou data spekulativn\u011b vymaz\u00e1na do buffer\u016f po operaci \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, tak\u017ee metody MDS a TAA z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pou\u017eiteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"L1DES (CacheOut) a VRS - nov\u00e9 zranitelnosti v mikroarchitektonick\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch CPU Intel\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/0a5f61b0703517504135e27e32c762bc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee zjistit vy\u0159azen\u00e1 data z prvn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b cache, kter\u00e1 byla zm\u011bn\u011bna b\u011bhem prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed aplikace, kter\u00e1 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvala aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed j\u00e1dro CPU, nebo aplikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 b\u011b\u017e\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b v jin\u00fdch logick\u00fdch vl\u00e1knech (hyperthread) na stejn\u00e9m j\u00e1dru CPU (vypnut\u00ed HyperThreadingu sni\u017euje \u00fa\u010dinnost \u00fatoku). Na rozd\u00edl od \u00fatoku <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49134\">L1TF<\/a><\/noindex>, L1DES neumo\u017e\u0148uje vyb\u00edrat konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 adresy k ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, ale poskytuje mo\u017enost pasivn\u011b sledovat aktivitu v jin\u00fdch logick\u00fdch vl\u00e1knech souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm nebo ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm hodnot do pam\u011bti.<\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b L1DES r\u016fzn\u00e9 t\u00fdmy v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f vyvinuli n\u011bkolik variant \u00fatok\u016f, kter\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed extrahovat citliv\u00e9 informace z jin\u00fdch proces\u016f, opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f a chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch enclave SGX. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> T\u00fdm VUSec <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/#ridl-nng\">adaptoal<\/a><\/noindex> metodiku \u00fatoku RIDL pro zranitelnost L1DES. Dostupn\u00e9 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/vusec\/ridl\/blob\/master\/pocs\/verw_bypass_l1des.c\">prototyp exploit\u016f.<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00fd mimo jin\u00e9 obch\u00e1z\u00ed navrhovanou metodu ochrany Intel proti MDS, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 instrukci VERW k vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed obsahu mikroarchitektonick\u00fdch mezipam\u011bt\u00ed b\u011bhem n\u00e1vratu z j\u00e1dra do u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru nebo p\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed hostitelsk\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu (vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci p\u016fvodn\u011b trvali na tom, \u017ee VERW (\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mikroarchitektonick\u00fdch mezipam\u011bt\u00ed) na ochranu nesta\u010d\u00ed a je pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u00fapln\u00e9 vymaz\u00e1n\u00ed L1 cache p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m kontextov\u00e9m p\u0159epnut\u00ed).\n<li class=\"l\"> T\u00fdm <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/\">ZombieLoad<\/a><\/noindex>  aktualizovala svou <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/zombieload.pdf\">metodu \u00fatoku<\/a><\/noindex> s ohledem na zranitelnost L1DES.\n<li class=\"l\"> V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z Michigansk\u00e9 univerzity vyvinuli vlastn\u00ed metodu \u00fatoku <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cacheoutattack.com\/\">CacheOut<\/a><\/noindex> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cacheoutattack.com\/CacheOut.pdf\">PDF<\/a><\/noindex>), kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje extrakci d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch informac\u00ed z j\u00e1dra opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f a chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch enkl\u00e1v SGX. Metoda je zalo\u017eena na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51852\">manipulac\u00edch<\/a><\/noindex> s mechanismem asynchronn\u00edho p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed operac\u00ed (TAA, TSX Asynchronous Abort) pro ur\u010den\u00ed obsahu vypl\u0148ovac\u00edho bufferu po \u00faniku dat z L1D cache.\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/pics_base\/0_1580195677.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"L1DES (CacheOut) a VRS - nov\u00e9 zranitelnosti v mikroarchitektonick\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch CPU Intel\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/68cf9a4cf24206c7d226e0f69b8cad55.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Druh\u00e1 zranitelnost VRS (Vector Register Sampling) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/software-guidance\/vector-register-sampling\">je spojena<\/a><\/noindex> s \u00fanikem do ulo\u017een\u00e9ho bufferu (Store Buffer) v\u00fdsledk\u016f operac\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed z vektorov\u00fdch registr\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly zm\u011bn\u011bny p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed vektorov\u00fdch instrukc\u00ed (SSE, AVX, AVX-512) na stejn\u00e9m j\u00e1dru CPU. \u00danik se vyskytuje za dostate\u010dn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 okolnosti a je zp\u016fsoben t\u00edm, \u017ee spekulativn\u011b vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 operace, kter\u00e1 vede k odrazu stavu vektorov\u00fdch registr\u016f v ulo\u017een\u00e9m bufferu, zpo\u017e\u010fuje a kon\u010d\u00ed a\u017e po vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bufferu, a ne p\u0159ed n\u00edm. Podobn\u011b jako u zranitelnosti L1DES m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obsah ulo\u017een\u00e9ho bufferu n\u00e1sledn\u011b ur\u010den pomoc\u00ed metod \u00fatok\u016f MDS a TAA.  <\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z t\u00fdmu VUSec <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/#ridl-nng\">p\u0159ipravili<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/vusec\/ridl\/blob\/master\/pocs\/vrs.c\">prototyp exploit\u016f.<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed hodnot vektorov\u00fdch registr\u016f z\u00edskan\u00fdch v d\u016fsledku v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f v jin\u00e9m logick\u00e9m vl\u00e1kn\u011b t\u00e9ho\u017e j\u00e1dra CPU. Spole\u010dnost Intel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/software-guidance\/vector-register-sampling\">ocenila<\/a><\/noindex> zranitelnost VRS jako p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 slo\u017eitou pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f a p\u0159id\u011blila minim\u00e1ln\u00ed stupe\u0148 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed (2.8 CVSS).<\/p>\n<p>Informace o probl\u00e9mech byly p\u0159ed\u00e1ny spole\u010dnosti Intel v kv\u011btnu 2019 t\u00fdmem Zombieload z Grazzsk\u00e9 technick\u00e9 univerzity (Rakousko) a skupinou VUSec z Amsterdamsk\u00e9 svobodn\u00e9 univerzity. Pozd\u011bji, po anal\u00fdze dal\u0161\u00edch vektor\u016f vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u00fatoku MDS, byly zranitelnosti potvrzeny n\u011bkolika dal\u0161\u00edmi v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky. V prvn\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b o MDS nebyly informace o probl\u00e9mech L1DES a VRS zahrnuty kv\u016fli nedostatku opravy. Oprava nen\u00ed k dispozici ani nyn\u00ed, ale doba utajen\u00ed vypr\u0161ela.<br \/>\nJako obran\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed se doporu\u010duje deaktivovat HyperThreading. Pro zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed zranitelnosti na stran\u011b j\u00e1dra se navrhuje vymazat L1 cache p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159epnut\u00ed kontextu (MSR bit MSR_IA32_FLUSH_CMD) a vypnout roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed TSX (MSR bity MSR_IA32_TSX_CTRL a MSR_TSX_FORCE_ABORT).<\/p>\n<p>Intel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.intel.com\/technology\/2020\/01\/ipas-intel-sa-00329\/\">slibuje<\/a><\/noindex> vydat aktualizaci mikrocode s implementac\u00ed mechanism\u016f k zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f v nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b. Intel tak\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed navrhovan\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159ed \u00fatoky z roku 2018 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49134\">L1TF<\/a><\/noindex> (L1 Terminal Fault) umo\u017e\u0148uje blokovat vyu\u017eit\u00ed zranitelnosti L1DES z virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00ed. \u00datok <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/insights\/processors-affected-l1d-eviction-sampling\">je citliv\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> procesory Intel Core, po\u010d\u00ednaje \u0161estou generac\u00ed (Sky, Kaby, Coffee, Whiskey, Amber Lake atd.), jako\u017e i n\u011bkter\u00e9 modely Intel Xeon a Xeon Scalable.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1le lze poznamenat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/#ridl-nng\">zdokonalen\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/vusec\/ridl\/\">exploitu<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edt metody \u00fatoku <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/\">RIDL<\/a><\/noindex> ke stanoven\u00ed obsahu ha\u0161ovan\u00e9ho hesla root z \/etc\/shadow p\u0159i periodick\u00fdch pokusech o autentizaci. Pokud p\u016fvodn\u011b navr\u017een\u00fd exploit ur\u010doval ha\u0161 hesla za <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=JXPebaGY8RA\">24 hodiny<\/a><\/noindex>, a po aplikaci \u00faniku p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci mechanismu asynchronn\u00edho p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed operac\u00ed (TAA, TSX Asynchronous Abort) vykon\u00e1val podobnou operaci za <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zaTxBZXE9pQ\">36 sekund<\/a><\/noindex>, nov\u00fd variant prov\u00e1d\u00ed \u00fatok za 4 sekundy.<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"4DQAcCfg3b8\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/4DQAcCfg3b8\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52260\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Intel \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0432 CPU Intel, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0430 L1D (CVE-2020-0549, L1DES &#8212; L1D Eviction Sampling) \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 (CVE-2020-0548, VRS &#8212; Vector Register Sampling). \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 MDS (Microarchitectural Data Sampling) \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445. AMD, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Intel \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0432 CPU Intel, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta 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