{"id":55884,"date":"2020-01-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-30T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/znakomstvo-s-wal-g-sistemoj-bekapirovaniya-postgresql"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:04:03","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:04:03","slug":"znakomstvo-s-wal-g-sistemoj-bekapirovaniya-postgresql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/znakomstvo-s-wal-g-sistemoj-bekapirovaniya-postgresql","title":{"rendered":"Sezn\u00e1men\u00ed se se syst\u00e9mem z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed PostgreSQL wal-g","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

WAL-G<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 jednoduch\u00fd a efektivn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pro z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed PostgreSQL do cloudu. V z\u00e1sad\u011b navazuje na popul\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj WAL-E<\/a><\/noindex>, ale je p\u0159eps\u00e1n v Go. V WAL-G je v\u0161ak jedna d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 nov\u00e1 funkce \u2014 delta z\u00e1lohy. Delta z\u00e1lohy WAL-G<\/a><\/noindex> uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed str\u00e1nky soubor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se od p\u0159edchoz\u00ed verze z\u00e1lohy zm\u011bnily. WAL-G implementuje \u0159adu technologi\u00ed pro paralelizaci z\u00e1loh. WAL-G funguje mnohem rychleji ne\u017e WAL-E.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Podrobnosti o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed wal-g si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v \u010dl\u00e1nku: Zrychlen\u00ed z\u00e1lohy. P\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka od Yandexu<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Protokol S3 se stal popul\u00e1rn\u00edm pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat. Jednou z v\u00fdhod S3 je mo\u017enost p\u0159\u00edstupu p\u0159es API, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje flexibiln\u00ed interakci se storage, v\u010detn\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu pro \u010dten\u00ed, zat\u00edmco aktualizace informac\u00ed ve storage prob\u00edh\u00e1 pouze autorizovan\u00fdmi osobami.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Existuje n\u011bkolik otev\u0159en\u00fdch i soukrom\u00fdch implementac\u00ed storage, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed podle protokolu S3. Dnes se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na popul\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro organizaci mal\u00fdch storage \u2014 Minio.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed wal-g posta\u010d\u00ed jeden server PostgreSQL, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jako n\u00e1hrada za S3 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me Minio.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Server Minio<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Instalace Minio<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

yum -y install yum-plugin-copr\nyum copr enable -y lkiesow\/minio\nyum install -y minio<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Upravujeme AccessKey a SecretKey v \/etc\/minio\/minio.conf<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
vi \/etc\/minio\/minio.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Pokud nebudete pou\u017e\u00edvat nginx p\u0159ed Minio, je pot\u0159eba zm\u011bnit<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
--address 127.0.0.1:9000<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
--address 0.0.0.0:9000<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Spou\u0161t\u00edme Minio<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
systemctl start minio<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
P\u0159ejdeme do webov\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed Minio http:\/\/ip-adresa-serveru-minio:9000<\/a><\/noindex> a vytvo\u0159\u00edme bucket (nap\u0159\u00edklad pg-backups).<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Server DB<\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
WAL-G v rpm sestavuji j\u00e1 (Anton Pacev). Github<\/a><\/noindex>, Fedora COPR<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na RPM, pou\u017eijte ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1vod<\/a><\/noindex> na instalaci.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Spolu s bin\u00e1rn\u00edm souborem wal-g v rpm jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny skripty, kter\u00e9 importuj\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00e9 ze souboru \/etc\/wal-g.d\/server-s3.conf.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
backup-fetch.sh\nbackup-list.sh\nbackup-push.sh\nwal-fetch.sh\nwal-g-run.sh\nwal-push.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Instalujeme wal-g.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
yum -y install yum-plugin-copr\nyum copr enable -y antonpatsev\/wal-g\nyum install -y wal-g<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Kontrolujeme verzi wal-g.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
wal-g --version\nwal-g version v0.2.14<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Upravujeme \/etc\/wal-g.d\/server-s3.conf podle vlastn\u00edch pot\u0159eb.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Konfigura\u010dn\u00ed soubory a datov\u00e9 soubory, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 cluster datab\u00e1ze, se tradi\u010dn\u011b ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed spolu v adres\u00e1\u0159i dat clusteru, co\u017e je obvykle naz\u00fdv\u00e1no PGDATA<\/code><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/bash\n\nexport PG_VER="9.6"\n\nexport WALE_S3_PREFIX="s3:\/\/pg-backups" # \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 S3\nexport AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="xxxx" # AccessKey \u0438\u0437 \/etc\/minio\/minio.conf \nexport AWS_ENDPOINT="http:\/\/ip-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430-minio:9000"\nexport AWS_S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE="true"\nexport AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="yyyy" # SecretKey \u0438\u0437 \/etc\/minio\/minio.conf\n\nexport PGDATA=\/var\/lib\/pgsql\/$PG_VER\/data\/\nexport PGHOST=\/var\/run\/postgresql\/.s.PGSQL.5432 # \u0421\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a PostgreSQL\n\nexport WALG_UPLOAD_CONCURRENCY=2 # \u041a\u043e\u043b-\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \nexport WALG_DOWNLOAD_CONCURRENCY=2 # \u041a\u043e\u043b-\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\nexport WALG_UPLOAD_DISK_CONCURRENCY=2 # \u041a\u043e\u043b-\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438\nexport WALG_DELTA_MAX_STEPS=7\nexport WALG_COMPRESSION_METHOD=brotli # \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
P\u0159i konfiguraci WAL-G nastav\u00edte WALG_DELTA_MAX_STEPS \u2014 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det krok\u016f, o kter\u00e9 se delta z\u00e1loha m\u016f\u017ee odch\u00fdlit od z\u00e1kladn\u00ed z\u00e1lohy, a tak\u00e9 ur\u010d\u00edte politiku delta kopie. Bu\u010f vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edte kopii z posledn\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00ed delty, nebo vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edte deltovou z\u00e1lohu z p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9 z\u00e1lohy. To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy se ve va\u0161\u00ed datab\u00e1zi neust\u00e1le m\u011bn\u00ed stejn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st datab\u00e1ze, kter\u00e9 se neust\u00e1le m\u011bn\u00ed stejn\u00e1 data.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Instalujeme datab\u00e1zi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
yum install -y https:\/\/download.postgresql.org\/pub\/repos\/yum\/reporpms\/EL-7-x86_64\/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm\nyum install -y postgresql96 postgresql96-server mc<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Inicializujeme datab\u00e1zi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\/usr\/pgsql-9.6\/bin\/postgresql96-setup initdb\nInitializing database ... OK<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Pokud testujete na 1 serveru, mus\u00edte zm\u011bnit parametr wal_level na archive pro PostgreSQL verzi ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10, a na replica pro PostgreSQL verzi 10 a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
wal_level = archive<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Zaji\u0161\u0165ujeme z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed WAL archiv\u016f ka\u017ed\u00fdch 60 sekund pomoc\u00ed samotn\u00e9ho PostgreSQL. Na produk\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed budete m\u00edt jinou hodnotu archive_timeout.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
archive_mode = on\narchive_command = '\/usr\/local\/bin\/wal-push.sh %p'\narchive_timeout = 60 # Ka\u017ed\u00fdch 60 sekund bude vykon\u00e1na p\u0159\u00edkaz archive_command.<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Spou\u0161t\u00edme PostgreSQL<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
systemctl start postgresql-9.6<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
V samostatn\u00e9 konzoli sledujeme logy PostgreSQL na chyby: (postgresql-Wed.log zm\u011b\u0148te na aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed).<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
tail -fn100 \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/9.6\/data\/pg_log\/postgresql-Wed.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
P\u0159ihla\u0161ujeme se do psql.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
su - postgres\npsql<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
V psql vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme datab\u00e1zi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme tabulku v datab\u00e1zi test1.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
create database test1;<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
P\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1me se na datab\u00e1zi test.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
postgres=# c test1;<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme tabulku indexing_table.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
test1=# CREATE TABLE indexing_table(created_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NOW());<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed dat.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Spou\u0161t\u00edme vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat. \u010cek\u00e1me 10-20 minut.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/bash\n# postgres\nwhile true; do\npsql -U postgres -d test1 -c "INSERT INTO indexing_table(created_at) VALUES (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);"\nsleep 60;\ndone<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Rozhodn\u011b d\u011bl\u00e1me \u00faplnou z\u00e1lohu.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
su - postgres\n\/usr\/local\/bin\/backup-push.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Sledujeme z\u00e1znamy v tabulce v datab\u00e1zi test1<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
select * from indexing_table;\n2020-01-29 09:41:25.226198+\n2020-01-29 09:42:25.336989+\n2020-01-29 09:43:25.356069+\n2020-01-29 09:44:25.37381+\n2020-01-29 09:45:25.392944+\n2020-01-29 09:46:25.412327+\n2020-01-29 09:47:25.432564+\n2020-01-29 09:48:25.451985+\n2020-01-29 09:49:25.472653+\n2020-01-29 09:50:25.491974+\n2020-01-29 09:51:25.510178+<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0158\u00e1dek to je aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010das.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Sledujeme seznam \u00fapln\u00fdch z\u00e1loh<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
\/usr\/local\/bin\/backup-list.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Testov\u00e1n\u00ed obnovy<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
\u00dapln\u00e1 obnova s aplikov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u0161ech dostupn\u00fdch WAL.<\/h4>\n
<\/p>\n
Zastavujeme Postgresql.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Odstra\u0148ujeme v\u0161echno z adres\u00e1\u0159e \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/9.6\/data.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Spou\u0161t\u00edme skript \/usr\/local\/bin\/backup-fetch.sh od u\u017eivatele postgres.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
su - postgres\n\/usr\/local\/bin\/backup-fetch.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Extrakce z\u00e1lohy dokon\u010dena.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
P\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1me recovery.conf do adres\u00e1\u0159e \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/9.6\/data s n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm obsahem.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
restore_command = '\/usr\/local\/bin\/wal-fetch.sh \"%f\" \"%p\"'<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Spou\u0161t\u00edme PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL spust\u00ed proces obnovy z archivovan\u00fdch WAL a teprve pot\u00e9 se datab\u00e1ze otev\u0159e. <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
systemctl start postgresql-9.6\ntail -fn100 \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/9.6\/data\/pg_log\/postgresql-Wed.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Obnova na ur\u010ditou dobu.<\/h4>\n
<\/p>\n
Pokud chceme obnovit datab\u00e1zi do ur\u010dit\u00e9 minuty, p\u0159id\u00e1me do recovery.conf parametr recovery_target_time \u2014 uvedeme p\u0159esn\u011b, na jakou dobu chceme datab\u00e1zi obnovit.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
restore_command = '\/usr\/local\/bin\/wal-fetch.sh \"%f\" \"%p\"'\nrecovery_target_time = '2020-01-29 09:46:25'<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Po obnov\u011b se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na tabulku indexing_table.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
 2020-01-29 09:41:25.226198+00\n 2020-01-29 09:42:25.336989+00\n 2020-01-29 09:43:25.356069+00\n 2020-01-29 09:44:25.37381+00\n 2020-01-29 09:45:25.392944+00<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Spou\u0161t\u00edme PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL spust\u00ed proces obnovy z archivovan\u00fdch WAL a teprve pot\u00e9 se datab\u00e1ze otev\u0159e. <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
systemctl start postgresql-9.6\ntail -fn100 \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/9.6\/data\/pg_log\/postgresql-Wed.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
Generujeme datab\u00e1zi o velikosti 1 GB, jak je pops\u00e1no zde. https:\/\/gist.github.com\/ololobus\/5b25c432f208d7eb31051a5f238dffff<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u017d\u00e1d\u00e1me o velikost bucketu po vygenerov\u00e1n\u00ed 1 GB dat.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
postgres=# SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size('test1'));\npg_size_pretty\n----------------\n1003 MB<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
s4cmd \u2014 bezplatn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku pro pr\u00e1ci s daty ulo\u017een\u00fdmi v \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti Amazon S3. Tento n\u00e1stroj je naps\u00e1n v programovac\u00edm jazyce Python, a d\u00edky tomu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit v opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech Windows i Linux.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Nainstalujeme s4cmd.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
pip install s4cmd<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
LZ4<\/h4>\n
<\/p>\n
s4cmd --endpoint-url=http:\/\/ip-adresa-serveru-minio:9000 --access-key=xxxx --secret-key=yyyy du -r s3:\/\/pg-backups\n840540822       s3:\/\/pg-backups\/wal_005\/\n840 MB ve form\u00e1tu lz4 pouze WAL logy\n\n\u00dapln\u00fd backup s lz4 - 1 GB dat\ntime backup_push.sh\nreal 0m18.582s\n\nVelikost S3 bucketu po \u00fapln\u00e9m backupu\n\n581480085       s3:\/\/pg-backups\/basebackups_005\/\n842374424   s3:\/\/pg-backups\/wal_005\n581 MB zab\u00edr\u00e1 \u00fapln\u00fd backup<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
LZMA<\/h4>\n
<\/p>\n
Po vygenerov\u00e1n\u00ed 1 GB dat\n338413694       s3:\/\/pg-backups\/wal_005\/\n338 MB log\u016f ve form\u00e1tu lzma\n\n\u010cas generov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9ho backupu\ntime backup_push.sh\nreal    5m25.054s\n\nVelikost bucketu v S3\n270310495       s3:\/\/pg-backups\/basebackups_005\/\n433485092   s3:\/\/pg-backups\/wal_005\/\n\n270 MB zab\u00edr\u00e1 \u00fapln\u00fd backup ve form\u00e1tu lzma<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Brotli<\/h4>\n
<\/p>\n
Po vygenerov\u00e1n\u00ed 1 GB dat\n459229886       s3:\/\/pg-backups\/wal_005\/\n459 MB log\u016f ve form\u00e1tu brotli\n\n\u010cas generov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9ho backupu\nreal    0m23.408s\n\nVelikost bucketu v S3\n312960942       s3:\/\/pg-backups\/basebackups_005\/\n459309262   s3:\/\/pg-backups\/wal_005\/\n\n312 MB zab\u00edr\u00e1 \u00fapln\u00fd backup ve form\u00e1tu brotli\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f na grafu.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\"Sezn\u00e1men\u00ed<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Jak vid\u00edme, Brotli je velikostn\u011b srovnateln\u00fd s LZMA, ale backup prob\u00edh\u00e1 za \u010das LZ4.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Chat rusky mluv\u00edc\u00ed komunity PostgreSQL: https:\/\/t.me\/pgsql<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Pros\u00edm, dejte hv\u011bzdi\u010dku na Githubu, pokud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te wal-g<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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