{"id":70831,"date":"2020-02-21T14:42:15","date_gmt":"2020-02-21T11:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/obnovlenie-kubernetes-klastera-bez-prostoya"},"modified":"2020-03-03T16:14:45","modified_gmt":"2020-03-03T13:14:45","slug":"obnovlenie-kubernetes-klastera-bez-prostoya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obnovlenie-kubernetes-klastera-bez-prostoya","title":{"rendered":"Aktualizace Kubernetes clusteru bez v\u00fdpadku","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Aktualizace Kubernetes clusteru bez v\u00fdpadku\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/53cdba726a58c16679c6443191f28321.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Proces aktualizace va\u0161eho Kubernetes clusteru<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed clusteru Kubernetes se m\u016f\u017ee objevit pot\u0159eba aktualizovat b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uzly. To m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat aktualizaci bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, aktualizaci j\u00e1dra nebo nasazen\u00ed nov\u00fdch obraz\u016f virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f. V terminologii Kubernetes se tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/workloads\/pods\/disruptions\/#voluntary-and-involuntary-disruptions\">\"Dobrovoln\u00e9 p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed\"<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed cyklu \u010dty\u0159 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek.<\/li>\n<li>Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 ukon\u010den\u00ed pod\u016f v Kubernetes clusteru<\/li>\n<li>Odlo\u017een\u00e9 ukon\u010den\u00ed podu p\u0159i jeho odstran\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Jak se vyhnout prostoji v pr\u00e1ci Kubernetes clusteru pomoc\u00ed PodDisruptionBudgets<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>(pozn. p\u0159. p\u0159eklady ostatn\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f cyklu o\u010dek\u00e1vejte v nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku pop\u00ed\u0161eme v\u0161echny n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 Kubernetes poskytuje pro dosa\u017een\u00ed nulov\u00e9ho \u010dasu prostoj\u016f pro b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uzly ve va\u0161em clusteru.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"opredelenie-problemy\">Definice probl\u00e9mu<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nejprve pou\u017eijeme naivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup, budeme definovat probl\u00e9my a hodnotit potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika tohoto p\u0159\u00edstupu a akumulovat znalosti pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu, s kter\u00fdm se b\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho cyklu setk\u00e1me. V\u00fdsledkem bude konfigurace, kter\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 lifecycle hooks, readiness probes a Pod disruption budgets pro dosa\u017een\u00ed na\u0161eho nulov\u00e9ho \u010dasu prostoj\u016f. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Abychom za\u010dali na\u0161i cestu, vezm\u011bme si konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee m\u00e1me Kubernetes cluster se dv\u011bma uzly, na kter\u00e9m b\u011b\u017e\u00ed aplikace se dv\u011bma cloudy, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed za <code>Slu\u017eba<\/code>:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Aktualizace Kubernetes clusteru bez v\u00fdpadku\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/f1eb999a0a088d7ed5b54c71e9b9ed1e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Za\u010dneme se dv\u011bma pody s Nginx a slu\u017ebou b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edmi na na\u0161ich dvou uzlech Kubernetes clusteru.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Chceme aktualizovat verzi j\u00e1dra dvou pracovn\u00edch uzl\u016f v na\u0161em clusteru. Jak to ud\u011bl\u00e1me? Jednoduch\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm by bylo na\u010d\u00edst nov\u00e9 uzly s aktualizovanou konfigurac\u00ed a pot\u00e9 vypnout star\u00e9 uzly, zat\u00edmco spou\u0161t\u00edme nov\u00e9. A\u010dkoli to bude fungovat, bude s t\u00edmto p\u0159\u00edstupem n\u011bkolik probl\u00e9m\u016f:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kdy\u017e vypnete star\u00e9 uzly, b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na nich pody budou tak\u00e9 vypnuty. Co kdy\u017e je pot\u0159eba pody vy\u010distit pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 odpojen\u00ed? Virtualiza\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te, nemus\u00ed po\u010dkat na dokon\u010den\u00ed procesu \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Co kdy\u017e vypnete v\u0161echny uzly sou\u010dasn\u011b? Do\u010dk\u00e1te se zna\u010dn\u00e9ho prostoj\u00ed, dokud se pody nep\u0159esunou na nov\u00e9 uzly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pot\u0159ebujeme zp\u016fsob spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 migrace pod\u016f ze star\u00fdch uzl\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mus\u00edme m\u00edt jistotu, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z na\u0161ich pracovn\u00edch proces\u016f nebude spu\u0161t\u011bn, zat\u00edmco prov\u00e1d\u00edme zm\u011bny pro uzel. Nebo kdy\u017e prov\u00e1d\u00edme \u00faplnou v\u00fdm\u011bnu clusteru, jak v p\u0159\u00edkladu (tj. nahrazujeme obrazy VM), chceme p\u0159en\u00e9st b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed aplikace ze star\u00fdch uzl\u016f na nov\u00e9. V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech chceme zabr\u00e1nit pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch pod\u016f na star\u00fdch uzlech a pot\u00e9 vyhostit v\u0161echny spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 pody. K dosa\u017een\u00ed t\u011bchto c\u00edl\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edkaz <code>kubectl drain<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"pereraspredelenie-vseh-podov-s-nody\">P\u0159erozd\u011blen\u00ed v\u0161ech pod\u016f z uzlu<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Operace drain umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159erozd\u011blit v\u0161echny pady z uzlu. B\u011bhem prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed drain je uzel ozna\u010den jako unschedulable (flag <code>NoSchedule<\/code>). To zabra\u0148uje vzniku nov\u00fdch pod\u016f na n\u011bm. Pot\u00e9 drain za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 vyhostit pody z uzlu, ukon\u010duje kontejnery, kter\u00e9 jsou v sou\u010dasnosti spu\u0161t\u011bny na uzlu, zasl\u00e1n\u00edm sign\u00e1lu <code>TERM<\/code> kontejn\u00e9r\u016fm v podu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e <code>kubectl drain<\/code> dob\u0159e zvl\u00e1dne vyhost\u011bn\u00ed pod\u016f, existuj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b dva faktory, kter\u00e9 mohou zp\u016fsobit selh\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011bhem vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed operace drain:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Va\u0161e aplikace by m\u011bla um\u011bt spr\u00e1vn\u011b ukon\u010dit p\u0159i p\u0159ijet\u00ed <code>TERM<\/code> sign\u00e1lu. Kdy\u017e jsou pody vyho\u0161t\u011bny, Kubernetes pos\u00edl\u00e1 sign\u00e1l <code>TERM<\/code> kontejn\u00e9r\u016fm a \u010dek\u00e1 na jejich zastaven\u00ed ur\u010denou dobu, po kter\u00e9, pokud se nezastav\u00ed, je ukon\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1siln\u011b. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, pokud v\u00e1\u0161 kontejner sign\u00e1l spr\u00e1vn\u011b nevn\u00edm\u00e1, st\u00e1le m\u016f\u017eete pod\u016f ukon\u010dit nespr\u00e1vn\u011b, pokud pracuj\u00ed v dan\u00e9m okam\u017eiku (nap\u0159. prob\u00edh\u00e1 transakce v DB).<\/li>\n<li>Ztr\u00e1c\u00edte v\u0161echny pody, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed va\u0161i aplikaci. Ta m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nedostupn\u00e1 v okam\u017eiku spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch kontejner\u016f na nov\u00fdch uzlech nebo, pokud va\u0161e pody jsou nasazeny bez kontrol\u00e9r\u016f, nemus\u00ed se v\u016fbec restartovat. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"izbegaem-prostoya\">Vyhnout se v\u00fdpadk\u016fm<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Abychom minimalizovali dobu v\u00fdpadku p\u0159i dobrovoln\u00e9m naru\u0161en\u00ed, jako je operace drain pro uzel, Kubernetes poskytuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u017enosti zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed chyb:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/workloads\/pods\/pod\/#termination-of-pods\">Graceful termination<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/containers\/container-lifecycle-hooks\/\">Lifecycle hooks<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/workloads\/pods\/disruptions\/#how-disruption-budgets-work\">PodDisruptionBudgets<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V ostatn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech cyklu budeme pou\u017e\u00edvat tyto funkce Kubernetes k zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed dopad\u016f migrace pod\u016f. Pro snaz\u0161\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00ed hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenky budeme pou\u017e\u00edvat n\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad s n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed konfigurac\u00ed zdroj\u016f:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">---\napiVersion: apps\/v1\nkind: Deployment\nmetadata:\n name: nginx-deployment\n labels:\n   app: nginx\nspec:\n replicas: 2\n selector:\n   matchLabels:\n     app: nginx\n template:\n   metadata:\n     labels:\n       app: nginx\n   spec:\n     containers:\n     - name: nginx\n       image: nginx:1.15\n       ports:\n       - containerPort: 80\n---\nkind: Service\napiVersion: v1\nmetadata:\n name: nginx-service\nspec:\n selector:\n   app: nginx\n ports:\n - protocol: TCP\n   targetPort: 80\n   port: 80<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tato konfigurace je minim\u00e1ln\u00ed uk\u00e1zkou <code>Nasazen\u00ed<\/code>, kter\u00e1 spravuje pody nginx v clusteru. D\u00e1le konfigurace popisuje zdroj <code>Slu\u017eba<\/code>, kter\u00fd lze pou\u017e\u00edt k p\u0159\u00edstupu k pod\u016fm nginx v clusteru.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho cyklu budeme iterativn\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159ovat tuto konfiguraci tak, aby nakonec zahrnovala v\u0161echny mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 Kubernetes nab\u00edz\u00ed pro minimalizaci prostoj\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Pro pln\u011b implementovanou a otestovanou verzi aktualizac\u00ed clusteru Kubernetes s nulov\u00fdm prostoji na AWS a dal\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u00edch nav\u0161tivte <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gruntwork.io\/\">Gruntwork.io<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"takzhe-chitayte-drugie-stati-v-nashem-bloge\">Tak\u00e9 si p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky na na\u0161em blogu:<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nixys\/blog\/481932\/\">Nasazen\u00ed bez v\u00fdpadk\u016f a datab\u00e1ze<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nixys\/blog\/480072\/\">Kubernetes: pro\u010d je tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nakonfigurovat spr\u00e1vu syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f?<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nixys\/blog\/481992\/\">Tekton Pipeline \u2014 Kubernetes-nativn\u00ed pipeline<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nixys\/blog\/473578\/\">Sestaven\u00ed dynamick\u00fdch modul\u016f pro Nginx<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nixys\/blog\/473014\/\">\u00davod do autorizace Kubernetes v Hashicorp Consul<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nixys\/blog\/468779\/\">K \u010demu vedla migrace z ClickHouse bez autorizace na ClickHouse s autorizac\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/nixys\/blog\/489164\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e Kubernetes-\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0412 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 Kubernetes \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0434. \u041e\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d. \u0412 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 Kubernetes \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f &quot;Voluntary Disruption&quot;. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437 4 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432: \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b pod\u2019\u043e\u0432 \u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":70832,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 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