{"id":70922,"date":"2020-02-22T15:37:55","date_gmt":"2020-02-22T12:37:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-openshift-menyaet-organizaczionnuyu-strukturu-it-organizaczii-evolyucziya-organizaczionnyh-modelej-pri-perehode-na-paas"},"modified":"2020-03-03T16:14:39","modified_gmt":"2020-03-03T13:14:39","slug":"kak-openshift-menyaet-organizaczionnuyu-strukturu-it-organizaczii-evolyucziya-organizaczionnyh-modelej-pri-perehode-na-paas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-openshift-menyaet-organizaczionnuyu-strukturu-it-organizaczii-evolyucziya-organizaczionnyh-modelej-pri-perehode-na-paas","title":{"rendered":"Jak OpenShift m\u011bn\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed strukturu IT organizace. Evoluce organiza\u010dn\u00edch model\u016f p\u0159i p\u0159echodu na PaaS","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I kdy\u017e sama \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed PaaS (\u201ePlatforma jako slu\u017eba\u201c) nemohou zm\u011bnit zp\u016fsoby individu\u00e1ln\u00ed a t\u00fdmov\u00e9 interakce, \u010dasto slou\u017e\u00ed jako katalyz\u00e1tor organiza\u010dn\u00edch zm\u011bn v reakci na zv\u00fd\u0161enou flexibilitu IT technologi\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak OpenShift m\u011bn\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed strukturu IT organizace. Evoluce organiza\u010dn\u00edch model\u016f p\u0159i p\u0159echodu na PaaS\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/55ef7d253c10a8453810c3a3b5a56a74.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVe skute\u010dnosti je maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1vratnost investic do PaaS \u010dasto mo\u017en\u00e1 pouze za podm\u00ednky zm\u011bny organiza\u010dn\u00edch rol\u00ed, oblast\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti (\u00fakol\u016f) a vztahov\u00fdch sch\u00e9mat. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed PaaS, jako je OpenShift Container Platform, maj\u00ed dostate\u010dnou flexibilitu, aby si ka\u017ed\u00e1 IT organizace mohla autonomn\u011b stanovit tempo a rozsah zm\u011bn t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch osob a prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch proces\u016f.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nVe f\u00e1zi containerizace podnik\u016f je hlavn\u00edm prioritn\u00edm \u00fakolem zaveden\u00ed platformy pro kontejnery jako nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu nasazen\u00ed aplikac\u00ed. V tuto chv\u00edli organizace spojuj\u00ed obvykl\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce s obvykl\u00fdmi rolemi, aby reagovaly na standardn\u00ed po\u017eadavky v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f v oblastech, jako jsou \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, nasazovac\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed atd. V dal\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch containerizace se ji\u017e jedn\u00e1 o automatizaci nebo poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed samoobsluhy v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eily z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee na syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 administr\u00e1tory a zv\u00fd\u0161ila se autonomie a pru\u017enost v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se organizace za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 posouvat sm\u011brem k DevOps. V z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi containerizace podnik dosahuje \u010dist\u0161\u00ed, kanonick\u00e9 modely DevOps, v r\u00e1mci kter\u00e9ho mnoh\u00e9 z d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f a prac\u00ed p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed pod kontrolu k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f, kter\u00e9 se seskupuj\u00ed ne podle platforem nebo technologi\u00ed, ale z pohledu zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikac\u00ed nebo aplika\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na pr\u016fvodce pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi organiza\u010dn\u00edmi zm\u011bnami a jak se m\u011bn\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed IT role p\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed technologi\u00ed kontejner\u016f v podniku.<\/p>\n<h3>Spojen\u00ed nov\u00fdch prac\u00ed se star\u00fdmi rolemi<\/h3>\n<p>\nVe sv\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed, po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed form\u011b se organiza\u010dn\u00ed model PaaS vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem pru\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edho a rychlej\u0161\u00edho p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed IT zdroj\u016f aplikac\u00edm jako prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro b\u011bh. A\u010dkoli to p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdhody spr\u00e1vc\u016fm syst\u00e9m\u016f, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i zde obvykle nez\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednosy nebo nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, proto\u017ee v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi m\u016f\u017ee podnik bez zah\u00e1jen\u00ed automatizace, zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed samoobsluhy nebo radik\u00e1ln\u00edho zlep\u0161en\u00ed procesu nasazen\u00ed dob\u0159e fungovat. I kdy\u017e PaaS minim\u00e1ln\u011b zasahuje do proces\u016f v\u00fdvoje v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi, p\u0159esto zvy\u0161uje dynamiku IT syst\u00e9mu, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje spr\u00e1vc\u016fm l\u00e9pe obsluhovat po\u017eadavky v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pokud d\u0159\u00edve trvalo vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed z n\u011bkolika <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2016\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f<\/a> a \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch svazk\u016f dny, ba i t\u00fddny, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e byla zapot\u0159eb\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdch spr\u00e1vc\u016f, nyn\u00ed se v PaaS v\u0161e prov\u00e1d\u00ed mnohem rychleji a pouze jedn\u00edm spr\u00e1vcem. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 t\u00fdmy pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti jako d\u0159\u00edve, ale pr\u00e1ce na realizaci t\u011bchto \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed se nyn\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed podle nov\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu.<\/p>\n<h3>Na cest\u011b k organizaci DevOps<\/h3>\n<p>\nSpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm PaaS a p\u0159eveden\u00edm na ni specialist\u016f na provoz IT syst\u00e9m\u016f a v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f aplikac\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee organizace pokra\u010dovat ve zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed metodologie DevOps, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje mimo jin\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Rozd\u011blit pr\u00e1ci na mal\u00e9 f\u00e1ze<\/b>, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat zp\u011btnou vazbu v ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch, sni\u017eovat rizika a vyh\u00fdbat se \"analytick\u00e9mu paral\u00fdze\";<\/li>\n<li><b>Automatizovat operace v dostate\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e<\/b>, aby se nevytv\u00e1\u0159ely p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky nebo \u00fazk\u00e1 m\u00edsta v procesu nasazen\u00ed aplikace;<\/li>\n<li><b>Sd\u00edlen\u00ed znalost\u00ed<\/b> je kl\u00ed\u010dem k vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry;<\/li>\n<li><b>Pravideln\u011b spl\u00e1cet technick\u00e9 dluhy<\/b>, vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00edm v ka\u017ed\u00e9m pracovn\u00edm cyklu ur\u010dit\u00e9ho \u010dasu na systematick\u00e1 zlep\u0161en\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nVe druh\u00e9 f\u00e1zi implementace kontejnerov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed t\u00fdmy v\u00fdvoje samoz\u0159ejm\u011b za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed vid\u011bt p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed a podnik se p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00ed k v\u00edce kanonick\u00e9mu modelu DevOps. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f na \u00fadr\u017ebu je nyn\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako \u00fazk\u00e9 m\u00edsto, a proto se organizace sna\u017e\u00ed automatizovat opakovan\u00e9 \u00fakony a poskytnout v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm mo\u017enosti samoobsluhy. Tyto mo\u017enosti v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f v r\u00e1mci dan\u00e9ho po\u017eadavku jsou ur\u010dov\u00e1ny spole\u010dn\u00fdmi \u00fasil\u00edmi IT specialist\u016f pro provoz platformy a t\u011bmi, kdo odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed za dod\u00e1vku aplikac\u00ed. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, na m\u00edsto syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1tor\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed vykon\u00e1vali akce na z\u00e1klad\u011b po\u017eadavk\u016f v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed dv\u011b uveden\u00e9 kategorie zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed za popis a aplikaci politik, kter\u00e9 upravuj\u00ed, co v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm je povoleno d\u011blat vlastn\u00edmi silami. Automatizovan\u00e9 procesy pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zajistit dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto po\u017eadavk\u016f a sladit akce v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy situace vych\u00e1z\u00ed za r\u00e1mec st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch politik.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159echod na iterativn\u00ed harmonogram, v n\u011bm\u017e IT prost\u0159ed\u00ed a provozn\u00ed model podl\u00e9h\u00e1 iterativn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu, je kriticky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm miln\u00edkem v r\u00e1mci formov\u00e1n\u00ed zral\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu DevOps v podniku. M\u00edra p\u0159ijet\u00ed metodologie DevOps z\u00e1vis\u00ed na toleranci ka\u017ed\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed organizace k zm\u011bn\u00e1m a na tom, jak\u00e9 zm\u011bny p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prosp\u011bch. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pokud pot\u0159eba vytv\u00e1\u0159et nov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed nebo aplikace vznik\u00e1 z\u0159\u00eddka, pak optimalizace odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch akc\u00ed bude m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 ne\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed kontroly v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f nad \u017eivotn\u00edm cyklem aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Nov\u00e9 \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed v IT organizac\u00edch p\u0159i p\u0159echodu na OpenShift<\/h3>\n<p>\nV t\u00e9to kapitole se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na role a \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 organizace p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed na OpenShift obvykle aplikuj\u00ed pro urychlen\u00ed automatizace a samoobsluhy pomoc\u00ed technologi\u00ed a PaaS.<\/p>\n<p>V n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9 tabulce jsou uvedeny hlavn\u00ed \u00fakoly na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni, kter\u00e9 existuj\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9 organizaci, je\u017e implementovala OpenShift, s p\u0159\u00edklady p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch prac\u00ed a dovednost\u00ed. Tento seznam \u00fakol\u016f nen\u00ed t\u0159eba zam\u011b\u0148ovat s pracovn\u00edm rozd\u011blen\u00edm nebo s organiza\u010dn\u00ed strukturou t\u00fdm\u016f; jedn\u00e1 se pouze o soubor \u00fakol\u016f, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spln\u011bny osobami odpov\u011bdn\u00fdmi za podporu IT prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou implementaci kontejnerov\u00e9 platformy. Skute\u010dn\u011b uk\u00e1\u017eeme, \u017ee zaveden\u00ed kontejnerov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady pro rozvoj zralej\u0161\u00ed strategie DevOps ve spole\u010dnosti, co\u017e na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b zvy\u0161uje m\u00edru krosfunkcionality t\u00fdm\u016f a sni\u017euje rizika \u00fazk\u00e9 specializace jak na \u00farovni jednotlivc\u016f, tak t\u00fdm\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><i>Tabulka 1. Definice \u00fakol\u016f OpenShift<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u00dakoly<br \/>\nPo\u017eadovan\u00e9 dovednosti<\/p>\n<p><b>Automatizace a p\u0159\u00edprava (provisioning) IT infrastruktury<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00e1vrh a stavba hardwarov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Organizace a podpora automatizace po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho nastaven\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1vrh a automatizace p\u0159\u00edpravy VM a hostitel\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00e1vrh a realizace datov\u00fdch center<\/li>\n<li>Syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 administrace Linuxu<\/li>\n<li>Automatiza\u010dn\u00ed skripty<\/li>\n<li>Znalost syst\u00e9m\u016f skladov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Znalost v oblasti n\u00e1vrhu a realizace s\u00edt\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Bezpe\u010dnost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Instalace a spr\u00e1va platformy OpenShift<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed instalace clusteru<\/li>\n<li>Spr\u00e1va infrastrukturn\u00edch slu\u017eeb<\/li>\n<li>Spr\u00e1va \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed platformy<\/li>\n<li>Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a autorizace na \u00farovni platformy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 administrace Linuxu<\/li>\n<li>Znalost s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Automatiza\u010dn\u00ed skripty (Ansible)<\/li>\n<li>Znalost syst\u00e9m\u016f skladov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Znalost kontejnerov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a architektur<\/li>\n<li>Znalost architektur Kubernetes a OpenShift<\/li>\n<li>Bezpe\u010dnost platforem<\/li>\n<li>Integrace monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Spr\u00e1va p\u0159\u00edpravy klientsk\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed (tenant provisioning), izolace IT kapacit<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f a t\u00fdm\u016f v r\u00e1mci platformy<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1vrh a spr\u00e1va kv\u00f3t<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1vrh a realizace RBAC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Znalost architektur Kubernetes a OpenShift<\/li>\n<li>Znalost kontejnerov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a architektur<\/li>\n<li>Automatiza\u010dn\u00ed skripty<\/li>\n<li>Dobr\u00e9 znalosti v oblasti projekt\u016f, kv\u00f3t, vazby rol\u00ed a pr\u00e1ce s pl\u00e1nova\u010di<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Sestaven\u00ed a spr\u00e1va z\u00e1kladn\u00edch obraz\u016f<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00fdvoj pracovn\u00edho postupu zm\u011bny obraz\u016f<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdvoj obraz\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b standard\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 administrace Linuxu<\/li>\n<li>Automatiza\u010dn\u00ed skripty<\/li>\n<li>Konfigurace runtime komponent aplikac\u00ed a middleware<\/li>\n<li>Znalost kontejnerov\u00fdch architektur<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e1mce pro sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikac\u00ed (application build frameworks)<\/li>\n<li>Dobr\u00e9 znalosti v oblasti obraz\u016f, imagestream a \u0161ablon<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>N\u00e1vrh a spr\u00e1va nasazovac\u00edch pipeline<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00e1vrh a dokumentace standard\u016f pipeline<\/li>\n<li>Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed stru\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edru\u010dek a \u0161ablon<\/li>\n<li>\u0160kolen\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Spr\u00e1va zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1vrh a implementace aplikac\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Automatiza\u010dn\u00ed skripty<\/li>\n<li>Automatizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Testov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality k\u00f3du<\/li>\n<li>Znalost kontejnerov\u00fdch architektur<\/li>\n<li>Znalost immutable infrastruktury<\/li>\n<li>Bezpe\u010dnost \u2013 spr\u00e1va p\u0159\u00edstupu k f\u00e1z\u00edm pipeline, schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edch postup\u016f atd.<\/li>\n<li>Dobr\u00e1 znalost \u0161ablon OpenShift, komponent buildconfigs, deploymentconfigs, services, routes, configmaps<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>V\u00fdvoj aplikac\u00ed a test\u016f<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>K\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikac\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdvoj automatizovan\u00fdch test\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Reakce na selh\u00e1n\u00ed test\u016f b\u011bhem nasazovac\u00ed pipeline<\/li>\n<li>Reakce na selh\u00e1n\u00ed aplikac\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>U\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 akcepta\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00e1vrh a implementace aplikac\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Automatizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Spr\u00e1va zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du<\/li>\n<li>Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikac\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Znalost architektur cloudov\u00fdch (cloud native) aplikac\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Opera\u010dn\u00ed monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed a spr\u00e1va aplikac\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00e1vrh aplikac\u00ed v kontextu v\u00fdkonu<\/li>\n<li>Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikac\u00ed ve f\u00e1zi b\u011bhu<\/li>\n<li>\u0160k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikac\u00ed (nebo automatick\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>Spr\u00e1va dostupnosti aplikac\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Kv\u00f3ty na po\u017eadavky a limity pro spr\u00e1vu zdroj\u016f <\/li>\n<li>Testov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu a IT kapacit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00e1vrh a implementace v\u00fdkonu aplikac\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu aplikac\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Testov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu a z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>U\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 akcepta\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Testov\u00e1n\u00ed UI (design a interakce s u\u017eivateli)<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdvoj automatizovan\u00fdch test\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00e1vrh a ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed <\/li>\n<li>\u0160ablony automatizovan\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Testovac\u00ed frameworky<\/li>\n<li>\u0160ablony n\u00e1vrhu aplikac\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Nov\u00e9 role, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed v IT organizaci p\u0159i p\u0159echodu na OpenShift<\/h3>\n<p>\nJakmile organizace p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed na model zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na DevOps, po\u010det specializovan\u00fdch rol\u00ed obvykle kles\u00e1, zat\u00edmco po\u010det cross-funk\u010dn\u00edch t\u00fdm\u016f a rol\u00ed roste s c\u00edlem maximalizovat efektivitu spolupr\u00e1ce. Zde je n\u00e1\u0161 pohled na seznam hlavn\u00edch pozic v IT organizaci, kter\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 OpenShift:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In\u017een\u00fdr provozu aplikac\u00ed (Application Operations Engineer) NEBO In\u017een\u00fdr spolehlivosti webu (Site Reliability Engineer). D\u0159\u00edve tato pozice mohla b\u00fdt naz\u00fdv\u00e1na \u201eAdministr\u00e1tor serveru aplikac\u00ed\u201c.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 aplikac\u00ed \/ v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 softwaru \/ program\u00e1tor.<\/li>\n<li>Spr\u00e1vce clusteru\/aplika\u010dn\u00ed platformy. D\u0159\u00edve se tato role mohla naz\u00fdvat \u201eSyst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor\u201c nebo \u201eAdministr\u00e1tor Linuxov\u00fdch platforem.\u201c<\/li>\n<li>Mana\u017eer vyd\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru (Release Manager)\/In\u017een\u00fdr pro sestaven\u00ed (Build Engineer).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Matice rol\u00ed a \u00fakol\u016f RACI<\/h3>\n<p>\nKone\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00edme k p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch pozic a \u00fakol\u016f, abychom poskytli obecn\u00fd p\u0159ehled o tom, jak by m\u011bla vypadat struktura organizace, kter\u00e1 implementuje DevOps na platform\u011b OpenShift. P\u016fvodn\u011b mohou n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9 role vykon\u00e1vat r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u011btve star\u00e9, tradi\u010dn\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed struktury. Ale v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu doch\u00e1z\u00ed k konsolidaci a vznikaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 t\u00fdmy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na aplikace, kter\u00e9 soust\u0159ed\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu nebo dokonce v\u0161echny zde uveden\u00e9 \u00fakoly.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dakoly<br \/>\nRole<\/p>\n<p>In\u017een\u00fdr pro provoz aplikac\u00ed\/In\u017een\u00fdr pro spolehlivost webu<br \/>\nV\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 aplikac\u00ed\/V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 softwaru\/In\u017een\u00fdr program\u00e1tor<br \/>\nSpr\u00e1vce clusteru\/aplika\u010dn\u00ed platformy<br \/>\nMana\u017eer vyd\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru\/In\u017een\u00fdr pro sestaven\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>Automatizace a p\u0159\u00edprava (provisioning) IT infrastruktury<br \/>\nI<br \/>\nI<br \/>\nR\/A<br \/>\nC<\/p>\n<p>Instalace a spr\u00e1va platformy OpenShift<br \/>\nC<br \/>\nI<br \/>\nR\/A<br \/>\nC<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1vrh a spr\u00e1va nasazovac\u00edch pipeline<br \/>\nC<br \/>\nC<br \/>\nI<br \/>\nR\/A<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va p\u0159\u00edpravy z\u00e1kaznick\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed (tenant provisioning), izolace a IT zdroj\u016f<br \/>\nC<br \/>\nI<br \/>\nR\/A<br \/>\nI<\/p>\n<p>Sestaven\u00ed a spr\u00e1va z\u00e1kladn\u00edch obraz\u016f<br \/>\nR<br \/>\nC<br \/>\nR\/A<br \/>\nC<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdvoj aplikac\u00ed a test\u016f<br \/>\nC<br \/>\nR\/A<br \/>\nI<br \/>\nI<\/p>\n<p>Opera\u010dn\u00ed monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed a spr\u00e1va aplikac\u00ed<br \/>\nR\/A<br \/>\nC<br \/>\nC<br \/>\nI<\/p>\n<p>U\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 akcepta\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<br \/>\nC<br \/>\nR<br \/>\nI<br \/>\nI<\/p>\n<p>\n<b>Zna\u010den\u00ed v matici RACI<\/b><br \/>\nZdroj: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responsibility_assignment_matrix\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Responsible<\/b> \u2013 V\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u2013 ten, kdo vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u00fakoly.<\/li>\n<li><b>Accountable<\/b> \u2013 Odpov\u011bdn\u00fd \u2013 zam\u011bstnanec, kter\u00fd v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku nese odpov\u011bdnost za spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a pe\u010dliv\u00e9 vykon\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fakolu nebo dosa\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdsledku; tak\u00e9 jedin\u00fd, kdo m\u016f\u017ee delegovat pr\u00e1ci v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm.<\/li>\n<li><b>Consulted<\/b> \u2013 Konzultanti \u2013 obvykle jsou to odborn\u00edci v dan\u00e9 oblasti, jejich\u017e rady jsou vy\u017eadov\u00e1ny; udr\u017euj\u00ed se s nimi obousm\u011brn\u00e1 komunikace.<\/li>\n<li><b>Informed<\/b> \u2013 Informovan\u00ed \u2013 lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou informov\u00e1ni o ud\u00e1lostech (p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u011bkdy pouze po dokon\u010den\u00ed \u00fakolu nebo dosa\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdsledku); z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed informace jednostrann\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Jak prob\u00edh\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce t\u00fdm\u016f v DevOps organizaci<\/h3>\n<p>\nTradi\u010dn\u00ed sch\u00e9ma z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f obvykle p\u0159edstavuje cyklus \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o p\u0159id\u011blen\u00ed zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1sledn\u011b zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1ny n\u011bkolika t\u00fdmy. Nakonec jsou v\u0161echny po\u017eadovan\u00e9 zdroje p\u0159id\u011bleny a potvrzeny \u017e\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed stranou. \u010casto jsou tyto procesy \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b, nebo dokonce zcela prov\u00e1d\u011bny manu\u00e1ln\u011b a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed \u010dast\u00e9 a mnohon\u00e1sobn\u00e9 interakce mezi t\u00fdmy pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dosti.<\/p>\n<p><i>Obr\u00e1zek 1. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed IT organizace<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak OpenShift m\u011bn\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed strukturu IT organizace. Evoluce organiza\u010dn\u00edch model\u016f p\u0159i p\u0159echodu na PaaS\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/29b0a4a64691062f03b8860466d18846.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd diagram ilustruje typick\u00e9 vztahy mezi t\u00fdmy v tradi\u010dn\u00ed IT organizaci. V r\u00e1mci t\u00e9to struktury se n\u011bkter\u00e9 t\u00fdmy obracej\u00ed na jin\u00e9 s \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o proveden\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b formalizovan\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, jako jsou syst\u00e9my tiket\u016f nebo e-maily. Tyto \u017e\u00e1dosti pot\u00e9 sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed do fronty a \u010dekaj\u00ed na svou \u0159adu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e dlouh\u00e9 \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasto vede k zhor\u0161en\u00ed, ne-li k prohlouben\u00ed vztah\u016f mezi t\u00fdmy. Nap\u011bt\u00ed se je\u0161t\u011b zvy\u0161uje t\u00edm, \u017ee \u010dlenov\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f se osobn\u011b setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed jen z\u0159\u00eddka a zpravidla si vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed pouze minim\u00e1ln\u011b nezbytn\u00e9 informace.<\/p>\n<p><i>Obr\u00e1zek 2. IT organizace DevOps<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak OpenShift m\u011bn\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed strukturu IT organizace. Evoluce organiza\u010dn\u00edch model\u016f p\u0159i p\u0159echodu na PaaS\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/c422b58fff958032e93c1e87586ae0ea.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>V tomto diagramu je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno, jak vypad\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce v organizaci DevOps. Tyt\u00e9\u017e t\u00fdmy z p\u0159edchoz\u00edho diagramu se vzdaly neefektivn\u00edch komunikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 posilovaly rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bnost, a nahradily je osobn\u00edmi kontakty, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytvo\u0159ily trval\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly mezi t\u00fdmy. Tyto kan\u00e1ly podporuj\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed hybridn\u00ed sady dovednost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm pom\u00e1haj\u00ed l\u00e9pe rozum\u011bt a ch\u00e1pat pot\u0159eby, probl\u00e9my a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti t\u011bch t\u00fdm\u016f, kter\u00e9 reprezentuj\u00ed. T\u00fdmy si navz\u00e1jem umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt nezbytn\u00e9 \u00fakoly prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm automatizovan\u00fdch samoobslu\u017en\u00fdch port\u00e1l\u016f, m\u00edsto aby manu\u00e1ln\u011b zpracov\u00e1valy \u017e\u00e1dosti o zm\u011bny, jak tomu bylo d\u0159\u00edve. A d\u00edky p\u0159\u00edtomnosti komunika\u010dn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f jsou tyto samoobslu\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my schopny rychle se p\u0159izp\u016fsobit pot\u0159eb\u00e1m t\u00fdm\u016f, pro kter\u00e9 byly vytvo\u0159eny. Pro dosa\u017een\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho porozum\u011bn\u00ed a v\u00fdm\u011bny znalost\u00ed v r\u00e1mci organizace \u010dlenov\u00e9 t\u00fdm\u016f pravideln\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed rotaci rol\u00ed, aby z\u00edskali zku\u0161enosti se spoluprac\u00ed s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi t\u00fdmy a l\u00e9pe rozum\u011bli celkov\u00e9mu obrazu IT syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 spravuj\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zvy\u0161uj\u00ed svou \u00farove\u0148 mezioborovosti a u\u017eite\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<h3>Shrnut\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\nV tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku jsme popsali, jak implementace \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed PaaS m\u016f\u017ee povzbudit organizaci k zaveden\u00ed metodologie DevOps, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v r\u00e1mci tohoto procesu doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m v tradi\u010dn\u00edch rol\u00edch a \u00fakolech. Proto jsme se zam\u011b\u0159ili na hlavn\u00ed IT \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed v organizaci p\u0159i p\u0159echodu na OpenShift, a dovednosti pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k jejich spln\u011bn\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 jsme uvedli z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sadu organiza\u010dn\u00edch rol\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u011b funk\u010dn\u00edch t\u00fdm\u016f DevOps, a matici RACI, kter\u00e1 spojuje nov\u00e9 role s nov\u00fdmi \u00fakoly. A nakonec jsme se pod\u00edvali na to, jak platforma OpenShift a s n\u00ed spojen\u00e1 metodologie DevOps mohou zm\u011bnit organiza\u010dn\u00ed strukturu p\u0159i p\u0159echodu od tradi\u010dn\u00ed hierarchie a syst\u00e9m\u016f spr\u00e1vy \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed k k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u011b funk\u010dn\u00edm t\u00fdm\u016fm s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed osobn\u00ed komunikace.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/redhatrussia\/blog\/489194\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f PaaS (\u00ab\u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u00bb) \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b 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