{"id":74736,"date":"2020-03-20T08:43:07","date_gmt":"2020-03-20T05:43:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/antipatterny-devops-sobesedovaniya"},"modified":"2020-03-20T08:43:07","modified_gmt":"2020-03-20T05:43:07","slug":"antipatterny-devops-sobesedovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/antipatterny-devops-sobesedovaniya","title":{"rendered":"Antipatterny na pohovorech DevOps","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Dobr\u00fd den v\u0161em, moji mil\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i!<\/p>\n

Dnes bych cht\u011bl sd\u00edlet sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky na dlouho tr\u00e1p\u00edc\u00ed t\u00e9ma a mo\u017en\u00e1 to probrat v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.
\nPom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto se setk\u00e1v\u00e1m s \u010dl\u00e1nky o \u0161patn\u00fdch praktik\u00e1ch pohovor\u016f na pozici program\u00e1tora, kter\u00e9 se mi zdaj\u00ed dost \u017eivotn\u00e9 a douf\u00e1m, \u017ee jsou \u010dtiv\u00e9 pro HR odd\u011blen\u00ed velk\u00fdch i men\u0161\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

V na\u0161ich kon\u010din\u00e1ch, pokud se nem\u00fdl\u00edm, je popt\u00e1vka po takov\u00fdch zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch pozic\u00edch, jako je DevOps in\u017een\u00fdr. Pat\u0159\u00edm mezi ty lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed toto souslov\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nevn\u00edmaj\u00ed (ano, ano, DevOps metodologie, atd.), a proto vid\u00edm ur\u010dit\u00e9 rozd\u00edly ve v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch t\u00e9to skupiny specialist\u016f.
\nP\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm svat\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 sv\u016fj okruh z\u00e1jm\u016f, i v pracovn\u00ed oblasti, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bkomu vyhovuj\u00ed cloudov\u00e9 technologie, n\u011bkdo se r\u00e1d pono\u0159\u00ed do spr\u00e1vy aplika\u010dn\u00edch server\u016f, nastavuje do hloubky Javu, a n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd r\u00e1d p\u00ed\u0161e k\u00f3d v Pythonu nebo, nedej Bo\u017ee, v YAML. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se zde objevuj\u00ed tak zvan\u00ed Infrastructure in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i, Build in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i, Senior YAML v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i \ud83d\ude42
\nTo v\u0161e umo\u017e\u0148uje na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b naj\u00edt \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd co nejl\u00e9pe odpov\u00edd\u00e1 va\u0161emu souboru \u00fakol\u016f, a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed b\u011bhem pohovor\u016f.
\nNa z\u00e1klad\u011b osobn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed jsem uskute\u010dnil n\u011bjak\u00fd po\u010det des\u00edtek pohovor\u016f a tak\u00e9 se z\u00fa\u010dastnil r\u016fzn\u00fdch situac\u00ed jako odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed, chci se pod\u011blit o sv\u016fj pohled na v\u0161e, co se d\u011bje.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b m\u016fj nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed antipattern \u2014 touha po n\u011bkom, kdo v\u0161echno ud\u011bl\u00e1, nebo nejasn\u011b, kdo je pot\u0159eba, pod\u00edvejme se na spoustu kandid\u00e1t\u016f, tam to pochop\u00edme. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b to plat\u00ed pro jakoukoli oblast, ale zde jsou sv\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti.
\nJak jsem si v\u0161iml, lid\u00e9 jsou v\u00edce naklon\u011bni nab\u00eddk\u00e1m obsahuj\u00edc\u00edm slova DevOps ne\u017e System Administrator, a\u010dkoliv se mi zd\u00e1, \u017ee na \u00farovni Senior se oblast \u00fakol\u016f maxim\u00e1ln\u011b li\u0161\u00ed v t\u011bchto dvou oborech.
\nJak\u00fdkoli zam\u011bstnavatel, kter\u00fd skute\u010dn\u011b pot\u0159ebuje sysadmina, p\u00ed\u0161e do n\u00e1zvu nab\u00eddky devops, a v t\u011ble inzer\u00e1tu uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b v\u0161echno, K8S\/Java\/gradle\/oracleDB atd. v po\u0159ad\u00ed, a\u010dkoliv se mu ve skute\u010dnosti dostane na podporu clustera K8S a podpory OracleDB stacku od t\u00fdmu.
\nTak\u017ee jak\u00e9 je zde v\u016fbec to propojen\u00ed form\u00e1tu Developers\/Operations?
\nD\u00e1le se ukazuje, \u017ee pro takov\u00fd proces interakce s t\u00fdmem nen\u00ed nic p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1no, dokonce ani odd\u011blen\u00ed operations neexistuje, a vy se postar\u00e1te o nastaven\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f.
\nTakov\u00e1 varianta ve skute\u010dnosti vyhovuje \u010d\u00e1sti uchaze\u010d\u016f, ale bu\u010fme up\u0159\u00edmn\u00ed, to je Senior System Administrator, pro\u010d to tedy necht\u011bj\u00ed takto napsat a co je na tom vlastn\u011b trapn\u00e9ho? Rozd\u00edl v platu mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvy profes\u00ed? Ale rozpo\u010det spole\u010dnosti je jeden, a jak si lo\u010f nazve\u0161, tak na sv\u016fj rozpo\u010det i pluje.
\nNo a je\u0161t\u011b jsem sly\u0161el o tom, \u017ee nyn\u00ed kandid\u00e1t v\u0161echno rychle automatizuje a u\u017e se integruje do v\u00fdvoje produktu na Pythonu, jak\u00fd je v tom rozd\u00edl, v\u0161ude je Python stejn\u00fd. Rozd\u00edl ve sv\u011btov\u00e9m n\u00e1zoru a p\u0159\u00edstupech se nezohled\u0148uje.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1le obvykle diferencuji \u00farove\u0148 specialist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed, a pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jednotliv\u011b vid\u00edm sv\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edjemnosti.
\nJunior \u2014 osobn\u011b pro m\u011b Junior DevOps je \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u00farovni ovl\u00e1dl administraci \/ v\u00fdvoj. Zde je p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 diferenciovat siln\u00e9 linux\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed r\u016fst v nov\u00e9 oblasti, nebo v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed chu\u0165 ud\u011blat dobrou pr\u00e1ci pro ostatn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e. Siln\u00e9, s n\u011bjak\u00fdmi dovednostmi v debugov\u00e1n\u00ed, hled\u00e1n\u00ed log\u016f, nebo s n\u011bjak\u00fdm portfoliem napsan\u00fdch projekt\u016f.
\nPotkal jsem jak administr\u00e1tory, kte\u0159\u00ed n\u011bco zkusili a cht\u011bj\u00ed se dotknout cloud\u016f, tak i ty, kte\u0159\u00ed zkusili frontend, backend a z n\u011bjak\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f na\u0161li z\u00e1jem v procesech DevOps.
\nNa t\u00e9to \u00farovni m\u011b v\u017edy znepokojuje, kdy\u017e za\u010dnou bombardovat obrovsk\u00fdm tech stackem, Puppet, Ansible \u2014 pro\u010d nezkou\u0161el v\u0161echno? K8S, K3S \u2014 v \u010dem se li\u0161\u00ed? Kolik typ\u016f datab\u00e1z\u00ed zn\u00e1\u0161? pro\u010d jich je tak m\u00e1lo? jak funguje \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed v Jav\u011b? Zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li z v\u00fdvoje, i kdy\u017e to jsou velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 kadry, pro n\u011b je v\u017edy pr\u00e1ce v t\u00e9to oblasti.
\nV\u017edy m\u011b zasko\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e se stane n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho, prvn\u00ed, co chci zeptat \u2014 pro\u010d??? Druh\u00e9, co mi p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na mysl \u2014 je samotn\u00fd tazatel p\u0159ipraven odpov\u011bd\u011bt na ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b takov\u00e9ho rozmanit\u00e9ho stacku? Necht\u011bj\u00ed snad vz\u00edt juniora a pov\u011bsit na n\u011bj v\u0161echno?
\n\u010casto se to setk\u00e1v\u00e1 ve v\u0161ech mo\u017en\u00fdch bodyshopech, kdy\u017e je t\u0159eba n\u011bkoho prodat na n\u011bjak\u00fd projekt a je t\u0159eba v\u00edce cool slov do \u017eivotopisu, nebo spole\u010dnost nikdo nechce vz\u00edt, a jen se d\u00edv\u00e1, jak\u00e9 jsou mo\u017enosti junior\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u00darove\u0148 Middle
\nTady je n\u011bkolik krajnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pova\u017euji za relevantn\u00ed. Za prv\u00e9, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dit, co \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee dot\u00e1hnout na \u00farove\u0148 mid, bu\u010f se ho sna\u017e\u00ed shodit na juniorskou pozici, nebo s n\u00edm za\u010dnou zach\u00e1zet jako se seniorem ve snaze zaplatit mu jako za mid (ano, trh rozhoduje, nic osobn\u00edho).
\nNejv\u00edc fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed, co jsem vid\u011bl \u2014 proniknout hluboko do k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed, tr\u00e1pit Python, p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o Java GC, tedy u\u017e se hodn\u011b specializovan\u00fdmi t\u00e9maty, nebo naopak odkryt\u00ed mezer v dlouho nevyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch znalostech, prob\u00edhat s\u00edt\u00ed, typy opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f a j\u00e1 se usm\u00edv\u00e1m a \u0161kodolib\u011b p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edm, jak to \u010dlov\u011bk mohl zapomenout. A tady p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed to nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed!
\nPodle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru se k \u00farovni mid specialistovi formuje okruh z\u00e1jm\u016f a osobn\u00ed pohled na to, s \u010d\u00edm chce pracovat \u2014 bu\u010f se nadchnout pro nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technologie, nebo se p\u0159ipravit pro velk\u00e9 podniky, pono\u0159it se do v\u00fdkonu k\u00f3du.
\nMysl\u00edm, \u017ee je u\u017e na m\u00edst\u011b se pt\u00e1t na procesy, kter\u00fdmi \u010dlov\u011bk pracoval, zjistit, co ho nejv\u00edce zaj\u00edmalo a co ne, a na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto znalost\u00ed budovat klastry ot\u00e1zek, v\u017edy pe\u010dliv\u011b mapovat ot\u00e1zky na sv\u016fj stack. Jinak, po fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed hodinov\u00e9 diskusi o konfiguraci OpenShift clusteru, najmout \u010dlov\u011bka a posadit ho, aby stav\u011bl monitoring. To by se asi ob\u011bma stran\u00e1m l\u00edbilo.<\/p>\n

\u00darove\u0148 Senior
\n\u00d3, m\u00e1 obl\u00edben\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148.
\nP\u0159ed v\u00e1mi je siln\u00fd specialista, kter\u00fd se vypracoval na r\u016fzn\u00fdch projektech, \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd u\u017e v\u00ed, co chce, a co ho zase tolik nezaj\u00edm\u00e1.
\nA tady za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 show:
\n \u2014 hlubok\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1torstv\u00ed (viz prvn\u00ed antipattern)
\n \u2014 hlubok\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se Linuxu obecn\u011b v oblasti teorie, daleko od praktick\u00fdch znalost\u00ed (nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka \u00farovn\u00ed OSI)
\n \u2014 akademick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed (proto\u017ee samotn\u00fd tazatel vlastn\u011b nezn\u00e1 obor, jednodu\u0161e ho po\u017e\u00e1dali, aby pohovo\u0159il s podivn\u00fdm dev opsem)
\nUd\u011bl\u00e1m tady malou pozn\u00e1mku. Jednou m\u011b na pohovoru po\u017e\u00e1dali, abych napsal n\u011bjak\u00fd kousek k\u00f3du. Na pap\u00edr. No, jak to v\u0161ichni maj\u00ed r\u00e1di, ka\u017ed\u00fd den p\u00ed\u0161\u00edme, pap\u00edr je v\u0161echno.
\nPo vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00fakolu, po zhl\u00e9dnut\u00ed m\u00e9ho listu a odpov\u011bdi, byl vysloven verdikt, \u017ee algoritmus bude neoptim\u00e1ln\u00ed. Navrhl jsem, aby si tazatel napsal vlastn\u00ed algoritmus, na co\u017e jsem dostal odpov\u011b\u010f: \u201eTo nen\u00ed v r\u00e1mci pohovoru\u201c. Po\u017e\u00e1dal jsem o chvilku, trochu p\u0159ed\u011blal k\u00f3d a uk\u00e1zal to, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jsem se ptal, jestli to bude rychlej\u0161\u00ed nebo pomalej\u0161\u00ed? Odpov\u011bd\u011bl mi, \u017ee p\u0159ejdeme na dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zku. Rozd\u00edl byl v pr\u00e1ci k\u00f3du v cyklu a bez cyklu a m\u011bl jsem p\u0159ipravenou odpov\u011b\u010f, pro\u010d je lep\u0161\u00ed ud\u011blat to tak a ne jinak. Po tom u\u017e jsem nem\u011bl chu\u0165 odpov\u00eddat na ot\u00e1zky a pracovat s t\u00edmto \u010dlov\u011bkem.
\nJe t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee jsme v\u0161ichni r\u016fzn\u00ed a kandid\u00e1t m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt odrazen jakoukoli v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t nepodstatn\u00e1.
\n \u2014 Obvykle maj\u00ed specialist\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b Senior jasn\u011b definovan\u00fd pracovn\u00ed stack, ale ne, mus\u00edme za\u010d\u00edt proch\u00e1zet bl\u00edzk\u00e9 technologie, nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u00e1te naps\u00e1no Ansible, skv\u011bl\u00e9, a u n\u00e1s Puppet, pozvali jsme v\u00e1s jen tak, tak n\u00e1m pov\u011bzte n\u011bco o Puppetu. V\u00fdborn\u011b! Pracovali jste s OpenShift? U n\u00e1s m\u00e1me K8s, nezn\u00e1me rozd\u00edly, ale va\u0161e zku\u0161enosti nejsou relevantn\u00ed. Skv\u011bl\u00e9! <\/p>\n

Je tu je\u0161t\u011b takov\u00e1 podkategorie \u2014 j\u00e1 si osobn\u011b beru st\u00e1\u017eisty na rozvoj v juniory.
\nCht\u011bl bych, aby v\u0161ichni ch\u00e1pali, \u017ee st\u00e1\u017eista je entita, kter\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed pln\u011b formovan\u00e1. Hrozn\u011b m\u011b d\u011bs\u00ed, kdy\u017e jsou st\u00e1\u017eist\u00e9 tla\u010deni na \u00farove\u0148 siln\u00e9ho Juniora a pak, s spokojen\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem, nab\u00edzej\u00ed st\u00e1\u017e (n\u011bkdy neplacenou, hr\u016fza!).
\nNed\u011blejte to.
\nSt\u00e1\u017eista, podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru, je bu\u010f student vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, nebo n\u011bkdo, kdo neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b tou\u017e\u00ed \u201aodjet do IT\u2018.
\nSe studenty je to jednoduch\u00e9 \u2014 skv\u011ble se zeptat, co d\u011blaj\u00ed na univerzit\u011b, co d\u011blali sami, pod\u00edvat se na ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 rozjasn\u00ed jejich o\u010di \u2014 pokud se rozjasn\u00ed, zeptat se, pro\u010d pr\u00e1v\u011b DevOps a co o tom vlastn\u011b v\u011bd\u00ed. C\u00edtit \u010dlov\u011bka a pochopit, jestli bude p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 se s n\u00edm d\u00e1l zab\u00fdvat, jestli ho chcete n\u011bco nau\u010dit pr\u00e1v\u011b toho dan\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka.
\nS t\u011bmi, kdo cht\u011bj\u00ed \u201aodej\u00edt do IT\u2018, je to trochu p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2014 pod\u00edvat se, jak moc se \u010dlov\u011bk samo\u0161kol\u00ed, co ud\u011blal p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e k v\u00e1m na pohovor p\u0159i\u0161el, tady je dobr\u00e9 se pod\u00edvat na GitHub, pokud samoz\u0159ejm\u011b existuje, hustota commit\u016f a jak\u00e9 \u00fakoly byly ud\u011bl\u00e1ny. Tak\u00e9 se zeptat, pro\u010d tedy DevOps, kdy\u017e ve frontendu je to z\u00e1bavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed? <\/p>\n

A nakonec bych cht\u011bl znovu vyj\u00e1d\u0159it radu: ur\u010dete, kdo skute\u010dn\u011b pot\u0159ebujete, a okam\u017eit\u011b najdete spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka. Zjist\u011bte pot\u0159eby, d\u00edvejte se na odborn\u00edka jako na odborn\u00edka, najd\u011bte jeho siln\u00e9 str\u00e1nky a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b je vyu\u017eijte ve va\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. Bu\u010fte pozorn\u00ed k uchaze\u010di, p\u0159i\u0161el k v\u00e1m na rozhovor, ne na sout\u011b\u017e, kdo koho shod\u00ed nebo ne shod\u00ed.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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