{"id":75303,"date":"2020-03-25T07:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-03-25T05:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vchera-bylo-nelzya-a-segodnya-nuzhno-kak-nachat-rabotat-udalenno-i-ne-stat-prichinoj-utechki"},"modified":"2020-03-25T07:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-03-25T05:42:19","slug":"vchera-bylo-nelzya-a-segodnya-nuzhno-kak-nachat-rabotat-udalenno-i-ne-stat-prichinoj-utechki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vchera-bylo-nelzya-a-segodnya-nuzhno-kak-nachat-rabotat-udalenno-i-ne-stat-prichinoj-utechki","title":{"rendered":"V\u010dera to nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9, ale dnes je to nutn\u00e9: jak za\u010d\u00edt pracovat na d\u00e1lku a nenap\u00e1chat \u0161kody?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Najednou se pr\u00e1ce na d\u00e1lku stala popt\u00e1van\u00fdm a pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm form\u00e1tem. V\u0161e za COVID-19. Nov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed na prevenci n\u00e1kazy se objevuj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd den. V kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00edch m\u011b\u0159\u00ed teplotu a n\u011bkter\u00e9 firmy, v\u010detn\u011b velk\u00fdch, p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed zam\u011bstnance na pr\u00e1ci z domova, aby sn\u00ed\u017eily ztr\u00e1ty zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 v\u00fdpadky a nemocensk\u00fdmi. V tomto smyslu je IT sektor se sv\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi s pracovn\u00edm t\u00fdmem na d\u00e1lku ve v\u00fdhod\u011b.<\/p>\n

V NII SOKB se ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let zab\u00fdv\u00e1me organizac\u00ed vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k firemn\u00edm dat\u016fm z mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a v\u00edme, \u017ee pr\u00e1ce na d\u00e1lku je slo\u017eit\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm textu vysv\u011btl\u00edme, jak na\u0161e \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u011b spravovat mobiln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro pr\u00e1ci na d\u00e1lku.
\n\"V\u010dera
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Co pot\u0159ebuje zam\u011bstnanec k pr\u00e1ci na d\u00e1lku?<\/h2>\n

\nStandardn\u00ed soubor slu\u017eeb, pro kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba zajistit vzd\u00e1len\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup pro plnohodnotnou pr\u00e1ci, zahrnuje slu\u017eby komunikace (e-mail, messenger), webov\u00e9 zdroje (r\u016fzn\u00e9 port\u00e1ly, nap\u0159\u00edklad service desk nebo syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projekt\u016f) a soubory (syst\u00e9my elektronick\u00e9ho ob\u011bhu dokument\u016f, kontroly verz\u00ed atd.).<\/p>\n

Nelze se spol\u00e9hat na to, \u017ee bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed hrozby budou \u010dekat, a\u017e dokon\u010d\u00edme boj s koronavirem. P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci na d\u00e1lku existuj\u00ed sv\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed pravidla, kter\u00e1 je t\u0159eba dodr\u017eovat i b\u011bhem pandemie.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed informace nelze jednodu\u0161e pos\u00edlat na osobn\u00ed e-mail zam\u011bstnance, aby je mohl v klidu \u010d\u00edst a zpracov\u00e1vat na osobn\u00edm smartphonu. Smartphone lze ztratit, na n\u011bj lze nainstalovat aplikace, kter\u00e9 kradou informace, nebo si s n\u00edm mohou hr\u00e1t d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 sed\u00ed doma kv\u016fli stejnu viru. \u010c\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou data, se kter\u00fdmi zam\u011bstnanec pracuje, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe je t\u0159eba je chr\u00e1nit. A ochrana mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed by m\u011bla b\u00fdt stejn\u011b dobr\u00e1 jako ochrana stacion\u00e1rn\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je antivirov\u00e1 ochrana a VPN nedostate\u010dn\u00e1?<\/h2>\n

\nPro stacion\u00e1rn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta a notebooky s opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem Windows je instalace antiviru od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00e1 a nezbytn\u00e1. Pro mobiln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed to v\u0161ak zdaleka nen\u00ed v\u017edy pravda.<\/p>\n

Architektura za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Apple br\u00e1n\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edmu sd\u00edlen\u00ed mezi aplikacemi. To omezuje mo\u017en\u00fd rozsah d\u016fsledk\u016f infikovan\u00e9ho softwaru: pokud je pou\u017eita zranitelnost e-mailov\u00e9ho klienta, akce nemohou p\u0159ekro\u010dit r\u00e1mec tohoto e-mailov\u00e9ho klienta. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 takov\u00e1 politika sni\u017euje efektivitu antivir\u016f. Automaticky zkontrolovat soubor p\u0159ijat\u00fd e-mailem ji\u017e nebude mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Na platform\u011b Android maj\u00ed viry i antiviry v\u00edce p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed. I tak se v\u0161ak objevuje ot\u00e1zka efektivity. K instalaci \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho softwaru z obchodu s aplikacemi je nutn\u00e9 ru\u010dn\u011b poskytnout mnoho opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed zlo\u010dinci pouze od t\u011bch u\u017eivatel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed povoluj\u00ed aplikac\u00edm naprosto v\u0161e. V praxi sta\u010d\u00ed zak\u00e1zat u\u017eivatel\u016fm instalaci aplikac\u00ed z nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, aby \u201etablety\u201c k bezplatn\u011b nainstalovan\u00fdm placen\u00fdm aplikac\u00edm \u201enepokou\u0161ely\u201c chr\u00e1nit firemn\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ak p\u0159esahuj\u00ed funkce antiviru a VPN<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho VPN a antiviry nebudou schopny sledovat, jak se chov\u00e1 u\u017eivatel. Logika napov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee na u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed by m\u011bl b\u00fdt nastaven alespo\u0148 jeden heslo (jako ochrana p\u0159ed ztr\u00e1tou). Ale dostupnost hesla a jeho spolehlivost z\u00e1vis\u00ed pouze na uv\u011bdom\u011blosti u\u017eivatele, na kterou nem\u016f\u017ee firma nijak ovlivnit.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b existuj\u00ed administrativn\u00ed metody. Nap\u0159\u00edklad intern\u00ed dokumenty, podle kter\u00fdch budou zam\u011bstnanci osobn\u011b odpov\u011bdn\u00ed za absence hesel na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, instalaci aplikac\u00ed z ned\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f atd. M\u016f\u017eete dokonce donutit v\u0161echny zam\u011bstnance, aby p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm pr\u00e1ce na d\u00e1lku podepsali zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fd pracovn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed tyto body. Ale poj\u010fme se d\u00edvat pravd\u011b do o\u010d\u00ed: firma nebude schopna zkontrolovat, jak je tento \u0159\u00e1d dodr\u017eov\u00e1n v praxi. Bude se zab\u00fdvat urgentn\u00ed reorganizac\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch proces\u016f, zat\u00edmco zam\u011bstnanci, navzdory zaveden\u00fdm politik\u00e1m, budou kop\u00edrovat d\u016fv\u011brn\u00e9 dokumenty na osobn\u00ed Google Disk a poskytovat k nim p\u0159\u00edstup prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm odkazu, proto\u017ee to usnad\u0148uje spole\u010dnou pr\u00e1ci na dokumentu.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1hl\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce z domova kancel\u00e1\u0159e je testem odolnosti spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

\"V\u010dera
\n<\/p>\n

Spr\u00e1va firemn\u00ed mobility<\/h2>\n

\nZ pohledu informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti jsou mobiln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed hrozbou a potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi slabinami v ochrann\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu. Tento slab\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek by m\u011bly zacelit EMM \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed (management firemn\u00ed mobility).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Spr\u00e1va firemn\u00ed mobility (EMM) zahrnuje funkce spr\u00e1vy za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (MDM, spr\u00e1va mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed), aplikac\u00ed (MAM, spr\u00e1va mobiln\u00edch aplikac\u00ed) a obsahu (MCM, spr\u00e1va mobiln\u00edho obsahu).<\/p>\n

MDM je nezbytn\u00fd \u201ebi\u010d\u201c. Pomoc\u00ed funkc\u00ed MDM m\u016f\u017ee administr\u00e1tor vymazat nebo zablokovat za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, pokud je ztraceno, a nastavit bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky: po\u017eadavek na slo\u017eit\u00e9 heslo, z\u00e1kaz lad\u011bn\u00ed, instalaci aplikac\u00ed z apk atd. Tyto z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mo\u017enosti jsou podporov\u00e1ny na mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch v\u0161ech v\u00fdrobc\u016f a platforem. Jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nastaven\u00ed, jako je z\u00e1kaz instalace vlastn\u00edch recovery, jsou dostupn\u00e1 pouze na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobce.<\/p>\n

MAM a MCM jsou \u201ecuk\u0159\u00edky\u201c v podob\u011b aplikac\u00ed a slu\u017eeb, ke kter\u00fdm poskytuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup. Po zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b bezpe\u010dnosti MDM lze poskytnout zabezpe\u010den\u00fd vzd\u00e1len\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k firemn\u00edm zdroj\u016fm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm aplikac\u00ed nainstalovan\u00fdch na mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Na prvn\u00ed pohled se zd\u00e1, \u017ee spr\u00e1va aplikac\u00ed je \u010dist\u011b IT \u00fakol, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v z\u00e1kladn\u00edch operac\u00edch typu \u201enainstalovat aplikaci, nastavit aplikaci, aktualizovat aplikaci na novou verzi nebo ji vr\u00e1tit zp\u011bt na p\u0159edchoz\u00ed\u201c. Ve skute\u010dnosti ani zde nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 se vyhnout ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m bezpe\u010dnosti. Je pot\u0159eba nejen nainstalovat a nastavit pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 aplikace na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, ale tak\u00e9 chr\u00e1nit firemn\u00ed data p\u0159ed ulo\u017een\u00edm do osobn\u00edho Dropboxu nebo Yandex.Disku.<\/p>\n

\"V\u010dera
\n
\nAby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 odd\u011blit firemn\u00ed a osobn\u00ed, modern\u00ed EMM syst\u00e9my nab\u00edzej\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kontejneru pro firemn\u00ed aplikace a jejich data na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. U\u017eivatel nem\u016f\u017ee neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et data z kontejneru, a proto nen\u00ed t\u0159eba, aby bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slu\u017eba zakazovala \u201eosobn\u00ed\u201c pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mobiln\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Podniku to naopak p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhody. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce se u\u017eivatel vyzn\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, t\u00edm efektivn\u011bji vyu\u017eije pracovn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje.<\/p>\n

Vra\u0165me se k IT \u00fakol\u016fm. Existuj\u00ed dva \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 nelze vy\u0159e\u0161it bez EMM: vr\u00e1tit verzi aplikace a jej\u00ed vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed. Vr\u00e1cen\u00ed je pot\u0159eba, kdy\u017e nov\u00e1 verze aplikace nevyhovuje u\u017eivatel\u016fm \u2014 obsahuje z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 chyby nebo je prost\u011b nepohodln\u00e1. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b aplikac\u00ed v Google Play a App Store nen\u00ed vr\u00e1cen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 \u2014 v obchod\u011b je v\u017edy dostupn\u00e1 pouze nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verze aplikace. P\u0159i aktivn\u00edm intern\u00edm v\u00fdvoji mohou verze vych\u00e1zet t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd den a ne v\u0161echny z nich jsou stabiln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed aplikac\u00ed lze realizovat i bez EMM. Nap\u0159\u00edklad vytvo\u0159en\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch sestaven\u00ed aplikace pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 adresy server\u016f nebo ulo\u017een\u00edm souboru s nastaven\u00edm do ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 pam\u011bti telefonu, abychom ho pozd\u011bji mohli m\u011bnit ru\u010dn\u011b. To v\u0161echno se objevuje, ale sotva to lze nazvat nejlep\u0161\u00edmi praktikami. Naproti tomu Apple a Google nab\u00edzej\u00ed standardizovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto \u00fakolu. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i sta\u010d\u00ed jednou integrovat pot\u0159ebn\u00fd mechanismus, a aplikace bude schopna nastavit jak\u00fdkoli EMM.<\/p>\n

Koupili jsme zoo!<\/h2>\n

\nNe v\u0161echny sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou stejn\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9. R\u016fzn\u00e9 kategorie u\u017eivatel\u016f maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fakoly, a je t\u0159eba je \u0159e\u0161it po sv\u00e9m. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i a finan\u010dn\u00edci pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 sady aplikac\u00ed a mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 sady bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch politik kv\u016fli r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00farovn\u00edm d\u016fv\u011brnosti dat, s kter\u00fdmi pracuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed v\u017edy mo\u017en\u00e9 omezit po\u010det model\u016f a v\u00fdrobc\u016f mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b se ukazuje, \u017ee je levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vytvo\u0159it firemn\u00ed standard mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ne\u017e se zab\u00fdvat rozd\u00edly mezi Androidem r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f a zvl\u00e1\u0161tnostmi zobrazen\u00ed mobiln\u00edho UI na displej\u00edch r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dek. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b n\u00e1kup firemn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch pandemie se komplikuje a firmy mus\u00ed povolit pou\u017eit\u00ed osobn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Situaci v Rusku nav\u00edc zhor\u0161uje p\u0159\u00edtomnost n\u00e1rodn\u00edch mobiln\u00edch platforem, kter\u00e9 nejsou podporov\u00e1ny z\u00e1padn\u00edmi EMM \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tohoto \u010dasto vede k tomu, \u017ee m\u00edsto jednoho centralizovan\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed firemn\u00ed mobility je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n pestr\u00fd zoo EMM, MDM a MAM syst\u00e9m\u016f, ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich\u017e obsluhuje vlastn\u00ed person\u00e1l podle jedine\u010dn\u00fdch pravidel.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou specifika v Rusku?<\/h2>\n

\nV Rusku, stejn\u011b jako v jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 zemi, existuje n\u00e1rodn\u00ed legislativa na ochranu informac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se nem\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na epidemiologick\u00e9 situaci. Tak na st\u00e1tn\u00edch informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech (GIS) mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pou\u017eity ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky certifikovan\u00e9 podle bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f. Aby byly spln\u011bny tyto po\u017eadavky, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k dat\u016fm GIS, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spravov\u00e1na pomoc\u00ed certifikovan\u00fdch EMM \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 produkt SafePhone.<\/p>\n

\"V\u010dera
\n<\/p>\n

Dlouh\u00e9 a nep\u0159ehledn\u00e9? Ve skute\u010dnosti ne.<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00e1stroje na firemn\u00ed \u00farovni, jako je EMM, jsou \u010dasto spojov\u00e1ny s pomalou implementac\u00ed a dlouhou p\u0159edprojektovou p\u0159\u00edpravou. Nyn\u00ed na to prost\u011b nen\u00ed \u010das \u2013 omezen\u00ed kv\u016fli viru jsou zav\u00e1d\u011bna rychle, tak\u017ee na p\u0159echod na pr\u00e1ci na d\u00e1lku nen\u00ed \u010das.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Podle na\u0161ich zku\u0161enost\u00ed, a realizovali jsme mnoh\u00e9 projekty implementace SafePhone ve firm\u00e1ch r\u016fzn\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f, i p\u0159i lok\u00e1ln\u00edm nasazen\u00ed lze \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spustit b\u011bhem t\u00fddne (nepo\u010d\u00edtaje \u010das na schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed a podepisov\u00e1n\u00ed smluv). B\u011b\u017en\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci budou moci syst\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edvat ji\u017e za 1\u20132 dny po implementaci. Ano, pro flexibiln\u00ed nastaven\u00ed produktu je t\u0159eba \u0161kolit administr\u00e1tory, ale \u0161kolen\u00ed lze prov\u00e9st tak\u00e9 soub\u011b\u017en\u011b se zah\u00e1jen\u00edm provozu syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Abychom nestr\u00e1celi \u010das s instalac\u00ed v infrastruktu\u0159e z\u00e1kazn\u00edka, nab\u00edz\u00edme na\u0161im z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm cloudovou SaaS slu\u017ebu pro vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pomoc\u00ed SafePhone. A poskytujeme tuto slu\u017ebu z na\u0161eho vlastn\u00edho datov\u00e9ho centra, kter\u00e9 bylo certifikov\u00e1no dle maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f na GIS a informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my osobn\u00edch dat.<\/p>\n

Jako p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek do boje proti koronaviru NII SOKB bezplatn\u011b p\u0159ipojuje spole\u010dnosti mal\u00e9ho a st\u0159edn\u00edho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed k serveru SafePhone<\/a><\/noindex> aby zajistil bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro zam\u011bstnance pracuj\u00edc\u00ed na d\u00e1lku.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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