{"id":75308,"date":"2020-03-25T07:42:27","date_gmt":"2020-03-25T05:42:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vremya-litij-ionnyh-ibp-pozharoopasnost-ili-bezopasnyj-shag-v-budushhee"},"modified":"2020-03-25T07:42:27","modified_gmt":"2020-03-25T05:42:27","slug":"vremya-litij-ionnyh-ibp-pozharoopasnost-ili-bezopasnyj-shag-v-budushhee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vremya-litij-ionnyh-ibp-pozharoopasnost-ili-bezopasnyj-shag-v-budushhee","title":{"rendered":"\u010cas lithium-iontov\u00fdch UPS: po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nebo bezpe\u010dn\u00fd krok do budoucnosti?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u010cas
\n<\/p>\n

Dobr\u00fd den, p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9!<\/p>\n

Po zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku \u201eUPS a bateriov\u00fd syst\u00e9m: kam je um\u00edstit? Po\u010dkej!\u201c <\/a><\/noindex>bylo mnoho koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f ohledn\u011b nebezpe\u010dnosti Li-Ion \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro servery a datov\u00e1 centra. Proto se dnes pokus\u00edme zjistit, jak\u00e9 jsou rozd\u00edly mezi pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi litinov\u00fdmi \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi pro UPS a bateri\u00ed ve va\u0161em za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jak se li\u0161\u00ed provozn\u00ed podm\u00ednky bateri\u00ed v serveru, pro\u010d Li-Ion baterie v telefonu nevydr\u017e\u00ed d\u00e9le ne\u017e 2-3 roky, zat\u00edmco v datov\u00e9m centru se toto \u010d\u00edslo m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it na 10 a v\u00edce let. Pro\u010d jsou rizika vzn\u00edcen\u00ed lithia v datov\u00e9m centru\/serverovn\u011b minim\u00e1ln\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Ano, hav\u00e1rie bateri\u00ed UPS jsou mo\u017en\u00e9 bez ohledu na typ akumul\u00e1tor\u016f, ale m\u00fdtus o \"po\u017e\u00e1rnosti\" pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch litinov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 skute\u010dnosti. <\/p>\n

V\u017edy\u0165 mnoz\u00ed vid\u011bli ten video s vzn\u00edcen\u00edm telefonu<\/a><\/noindex> s lithium-iontov\u00fdm akumul\u00e1torem v jedouc\u00edm aut\u011b? Tak se pod\u00edvejme, prozkoumejme, porovnejme\u2026 <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zde vid\u00edme typick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad nekontrolovan\u00e9ho samoochladzen\u00ed, tepeln\u011b rozb\u011bhu baterie telefonu, kter\u00fd vedl k takov\u00e9mu incidentu. \u0158eknete: TADY! To je jen telefon, do serverovny by n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho dal jen \u0161\u00edlenec!<\/p>\n

Jsme si jisti, \u017ee po prostudov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto materi\u00e1lu zm\u011bn\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor na tuto ot\u00e1zku.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace na trhu datov\u00fdch center<\/h3>\n

<\/b>
\nNen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00fdstavba datov\u00fdch center je dlouhodobou investic\u00ed. Cena pouze in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat 50 % n\u00e1klad\u016f v\u0161ech kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f. Horizont n\u00e1vratnosti je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10-15 let. P\u0159irozen\u011b se objevuje touha sn\u00ed\u017eit celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na vlastnictv\u00ed po celou dobu \u017eivotnosti datov\u00e9ho centra a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sn\u00ed\u017eit prostor pro in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed, aby se maxim\u00e1ln\u011b uvolnily plochy pro u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Optim\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm jsou pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 UPS nov\u00e9 iterace na b\u00e1zi Li-Ion akumul\u00e1tor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se ji\u017e d\u00e1vno zbavily \"d\u011btsk\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed\" v podob\u011b po\u017e\u00e1rnosti, nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdch algoritm\u016f nab\u00edjen\u00ed-vyb\u00edjen\u00ed a byly dopln\u011bny mno\u017estv\u00edm ochrann\u00fdch mechanism\u016f.<\/p>\n

S rostouc\u00edmi v\u00fdkony v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edho a s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed roste popt\u00e1vka po UPS. Sou\u010dasn\u011b se zvy\u0161uj\u00ed po\u017eadavky na dobu autonomn\u00edho provozu od akumul\u00e1torov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b probl\u00e9m\u016f s centralizovan\u00fdm nap\u00e1jen\u00edm a\/nebo poruchami p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edho zdroje nap\u00e1jen\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed\/existence DGES. <\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f je podle na\u0161eho n\u00e1zoru dva:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Rychl\u00fd r\u016fst objem\u016f zpracov\u00e1van\u00fdch a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161e\u010dn\u00fdch informac\u00ed
    \nNap\u0159\u00edklad,     nov\u00fd osobn\u00ed letoun Boeing
    \n787 Dreamliner generuje za jeden let v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 gigabajt\u016f informac\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e9
    \nje t\u0159eba ulo\u017eit a zpracovat.<\/li>\n
  2. R\u016fst dynamiky spot\u0159eby elektrick\u00e9 energie. I p\u0159es obecn\u00fd trend sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159eby energie IT za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a klesaj\u00edc\u00ed specifick\u00e9 spot\u0159eby energie elektronick\u00fdch komponent\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nGraf spot\u0159eby energie jedin\u00e9ho funguj\u00edc\u00edho datov\u00e9ho centra<\/b>\"\u010cas
    \n Tuto tendenci ukazuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi trhu datov\u00fdch center v na\u0161\u00ed zemi<\/b>Podle \u00fadaj\u016f z webu     expert.ru<\/a><\/noindex>, celkov\u00fd po\u010det uveden\u00fdch do provozu stojanov\u00fdch m\u00edst p\u0159esahuje 20 tis\u00edc. \"Po\u010det uveden\u00fdch do provozu stojanov\u00fdch m\u00edst u 20 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch poskytovatel\u016f slu\u017eeb datov\u00fdch center v roce 2017 vzrostl o 3 % a dos\u00e1hl 22,4 tis\u00edce (\u00fadaje k 1. \u0159\u00edjnu 2017),\" uv\u00e1d\u00ed zpr\u00e1va CNews Analytics. Podle odhad\u016f konzulta\u010dn\u00edch agentur se do roku 2021 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed stojanov\u00fdch m\u00edst na 49 tis\u00edc. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee b\u011bhem dvou let m\u016f\u017ee skute\u010dn\u00e1 kapacita datov\u00fdch center vzr\u016fst dvojn\u00e1sobn\u011b. S \u010d\u00edm je to spojeno? P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s r\u016fstem objemu informac\u00ed: jak ulo\u017een\u00fdch, tak zpracov\u00e1van\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

    Krom\u011b cloud\u016f k bod\u016fm r\u016fstu poskytovatel\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0159azuj\u00ed rozvoj kapacit datov\u00fdch center v regionech: tyto jsou jedin\u00fdm segmentem, kde z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 prostor pro rozvoj podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Podle dat IKS-Consulting p\u0159ipadlo v roce 2016 na regiony pouze 10 % v\u0161ech nab\u00edzen\u00fdch na trhu zdroj\u016f, zat\u00edmco hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto a Moskevsk\u00e1 oblast obsadily 73 % trhu, a Petrohrad a Leningradsk\u00e1 oblast \u2013 17 %. V regionech st\u00e1le p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 nedostatek zdroj\u016f datov\u00fdch center s vysokou \u00farovn\u00ed odolnosti v\u016f\u010di poruch\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

    Do roku 2025, podle p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed, celkov\u00fd objem dat ve sv\u011bt\u011b vzroste 10kr\u00e1t oproti roku 2016.<\/b><\/p>\n

    \"\u010cas
    \n
    \n<\/p>\n

    Nakonec, jak bezpe\u010dn\u00fd je lithium pro UPS serveru nebo datov\u00e9ho centra? <\/h3>\n

    <\/b> <\/p>\n

    Nev\u00fdhoda: vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na Li-Ion \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/b><\/p>\n

    \"\u010casCena lithium-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed st\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vysok\u00e1 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se standardn\u00edmi \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi. Podle odhad\u016f spole\u010dnosti SE budou po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady pro v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 UPS nad 100 kVA pro Li-Ion \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed 1,5kr\u00e1t, ale nakonec \u00faspory na vlastnictv\u00ed dos\u00e1hnou 30-50 %. Pokud porovn\u00e1me s vojensko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm komplexem jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed, pak tu je zpr\u00e1va o spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v provozu japonsk\u00e9 ponorky<\/a><\/noindex> s Li-Ion bateriemi. Pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto se v podobn\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed lithium-\u017eelezo-fosf\u00e1tov\u00e9 baterie (na fotografii - LFP) kv\u016fli jejich relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti. <\/p>\n

    V \u010dl\u00e1nku se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee na nov\u00e9 baterie pro ponorku bylo vynalo\u017eeno 100 milion\u016f dolar\u016f, pokus\u00edme se p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtat na jin\u00e9 hodnoty\u2026<\/b>4,2 tis\u00edce tun \u2013 podvodn\u00ed v\u00fdtlak japonsk\u00e9 ponorky. Nadvodn\u00ed v\u00fdtlak \u2013 2,95 tis\u00edce tun. Obvykle tvo\u0159\u00ed 20-25 % hmotnosti lod\u011b akumul\u00e1tory. Z toho tedy vych\u00e1z\u00edme na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 740 tun \u2013 olov\u011bn\u00e9 kyselinov\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory. D\u00e1le: hmotnost lithia tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 1\/3 hmotnosti olov\u011bn\u00fdch akumul\u00e1tor\u016f \u2192 246 tun lithia. P\u0159i 70 kWh\/kg pro Li-Ion dost\u00e1v\u00e1me p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 17 MWh v\u00fdkonu bateriov\u00e9ho pole. A rozd\u00edl v hmotnosti akumul\u00e1tor\u016f \u2013 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 495 tun... Zde nezohled\u0148ujeme st\u0159\u00edbrno-zinkov\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory<\/a><\/noindex>, jejich\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pot\u0159ebuje jedna ponorka 14,5 tuny st\u0159\u00edbra, a jejich cena p\u0159ekra\u010duje cenu olov\u011bn\u00fdch akumul\u00e1tor\u016f \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1m, \u017ee Li-Ion baterie jsou nyn\u00ed dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e VRLA pouze 1,5-2kr\u00e1t v z\u00e1vislosti na v\u00fdkonu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.
    \n A co japonci? P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b si uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee \"odleh\u010den\u00ed lodi\" o 700 tun m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek zm\u011bnu jej\u00edch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed a stability. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b museli p\u0159id\u00e1vat zbran\u011b na palubu, aby vr\u00e1tili projektov\u00e9 hodnoty zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed lodi. <\/p>\n

    \"\u010cas<\/p>\n

    Lithium-iontov\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory tak\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e olov\u011bn\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory, tak\u017ee projekt ponorky typu Soryu musel b\u00fdt do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry p\u0159epracov\u00e1n, aby se udr\u017eela vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed a stabilita.<\/p>\n

    V Japonsku byly navr\u017eeny a uvedeny do provozu dva typy lithium-iontov\u00fdch akumul\u00e1torov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed: lithium-niklov\u00fd-kobalt-hlin\u00edkov\u00fd oxid (NCA) vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fd spole\u010dnost\u00ed GS Yuasa a lithium-titan\u00e1t (LTO) vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fd korporac\u00ed Toshiba. Japonsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo pou\u017eije baterie typu NCA, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e podle Kobayashiho byly pro pou\u017eit\u00ed na ponork\u00e1ch zalo\u017een\u00fdch na typu Soryu v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m tendru nab\u00eddnuty baterie typu LTO.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Vzhledem k pe\u010dliv\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu k bezpe\u010dnosti v zemi Vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho slunce lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee ot\u00e1zky bezpe\u010dnosti lithia byly u nich vy\u0159e\u0161eny, testov\u00e1ny a certifikov\u00e1ny. <\/p>\n

    Riziko: po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/b><\/p>\n

    Zde se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na c\u00edl publikace, proto\u017ee n\u00e1zory na bezpe\u010dnost t\u011bchto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed jsou diametr\u00e1ln\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9. Ale to je jen \u00favod, co m\u00e1me konkr\u00e9tn\u011b k pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm? <\/p>\n

    Ot\u00e1zky bezpe\u010dnosti jsme ji\u017e probrali v na\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a><\/noindex>, ale je\u0161t\u011b jednou se na tuto ot\u00e1zku zastav\u00edme. Odk\u00e1\u017eeme na obr\u00e1zek, kde byl zkoum\u00e1n \u00farove\u0148 ochrany modulu a \u010dl\u00e1nku LMO\/NMC akumul\u00e1toru vyroben\u00e9ho spole\u010dnost\u00ed Samsung SDI a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1nu v UPS Schneider Electric.<\/p>\n

    Chemick\u00e9 procesy byly diskutov\u00e1ny v \u010dl\u00e1nku u\u017eivatele LadyN<\/a><\/noindex> Jak exploduj\u00ed lithium-iontov\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory<\/a><\/noindex>. Pokus\u00edme se pochopit mo\u017en\u00e9 rizika v na\u0161em konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b a porovnat je s v\u00edcestup\u0148ovou ochranou ve \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch Samsung SDI, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed hotov\u00e9 Li-Ion sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b Type G v r\u00e1mci komplexn\u00edho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na Galaxy VM.<\/p>\n

    Za\u010dneme se obecnou sch\u00e9matem rizik a p\u0159\u00ed\u010din vzn\u00edcen\u00ed lithium-iontov\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

    \"\u010cas
    \nA v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed? Foto je klikateln\u00e9.<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    Pod spoilerem si m\u016f\u017eete prostudovat teoretick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky rizik vzn\u00edcen\u00ed lithium-iontov\u00fdch akumul\u00e1tor\u016f a fyziku proces\u016f<\/b>Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed sch\u00e9ma rizik a p\u0159\u00ed\u010din vzn\u00edcen\u00ed (Safety Hazard) lithium-iontov\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a><\/noindex> z roku 2018. <\/p>\n

    \"\u010cas
    \n
    \nVzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v z\u00e1vislosti na chemick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e lithium-iontov\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku se li\u0161\u00ed vlastnosti tepeln\u00e9ho rozb\u011bhu \u010dl\u00e1nku, zde se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na popsan\u00fd proces v lithium-nikl-kobalt-hlin\u00edkov\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku (na z\u00e1klad\u011b LiNiCoAIO2) nebo NCA.
    \nProces v\u00fdvoje hav\u00e1rie v \u010dl\u00e1nku lze rozd\u011blit do t\u0159\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed: <\/p>\n

    \"\u010cas
    \n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. f\u00e1ze 1 (Onset). Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed provoz \u010dl\u00e1nku, kdy gradient zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed teploty nep\u0159esahuje 0,2 \u00b0C za minutu a samotn\u00e1 teplota \u010dl\u00e1nku nep\u0159esahuje 130-200 \u00b0C v z\u00e1vislosti na chemick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e \u010dl\u00e1nku; <\/li>\n
    2. f\u00e1ze 2, zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed (Acceleration). V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi se teplota zvy\u0161uje, gradient r\u016fstu teploty se rychle zvy\u0161uje, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k aktivn\u00edmu uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 energie. Obecn\u011b je tento proces spojen s uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm plyn\u016f. Nadm\u011brn\u00e9 uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed plyn\u016f by m\u011blo b\u00fdt kompenzov\u00e1no aktivac\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho ventilu;\n<\/li>\n
    3. F\u00e1ze 3, tepeln\u00fd runaway. Zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed akumul\u00e1toru nad 180-200 stup\u0148\u016f. P\u0159i tom materi\u00e1l katody reaguje s disproporcionalitou a uvol\u0148uje kysl\u00edk. Toto je \u00farove\u0148 tepeln\u00e9ho runaway, proto\u017ee v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout sm\u011bs ho\u0159lav\u00fdch plyn\u016f s kysl\u00edkem, co\u017e vyvol\u00e1 samovzn\u00edcen\u00ed. Tento proces m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech \u0159\u00edzen, \u010dti \u2013 p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b re\u017eimu vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f se tepeln\u00fd runaway v \u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f zastav\u00ed bez fat\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1sledk\u016f pro okoln\u00ed prostor. Funk\u010dnost a provozuschopnost samotn\u00e9 lithium-iontov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nek po t\u011bchto ud\u00e1lostech nen\u00ed zva\u017eov\u00e1na.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\"\u010cas
      \n\"\u010cas<\/p>\n

      Teplota term\u00e1ln\u00edho runaway z\u00e1vis\u00ed na velikosti \u010dl\u00e1nku, konstrukci \u010dl\u00e1nku a materi\u00e1lu. Teplota term\u00e1ln\u00edho runaway se m\u016f\u017ee pohybovat od 130 do 200 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia. Doba term\u00e1ln\u00edho runaway m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00e1 a m\u016f\u017ee trvat minuty, hodiny nebo dokonce dny\u2026<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

      \n A co m\u00e1me s \u010dl\u00e1nky typu LMO\/NMC v lithium-iontov\u00fdch UPS? <\/b><\/p>\n

      \"\u010cas
      \nA v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed? Foto je klikateln\u00e9.<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

      \u2013 Pro zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed kontaktu anody s elektrolytem se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 keramick\u00e1 vrstva v konstrukci \u010dl\u00e1nku (SFL). Blokov\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu iont\u016f lithia nast\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159i 130 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

      \u2013 Krom\u011b ochrann\u00e9ho ventilu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 syst\u00e9m ochrany proti p\u0159ebit\u00ed (Over Charge Device, OSD), kter\u00fd pracuje v p\u00e1ru s intern\u00edm pojistkou a odpojuje po\u0161kozen\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek, aby nedoch\u00e1zelo k procesu tepeln\u00e9ho runaway k nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm hodnot\u00e1m. A vnit\u0159n\u00ed syst\u00e9m OSD se spust\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve, p\u0159i dosa\u017een\u00ed tlaku 3,5 kg\/cm2, co\u017e je polovina ne\u017e tlak, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se spou\u0161t\u00ed ochrann\u00fd ventil \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

      Mimochodem, pojistka \u010dl\u00e1nku se spust\u00ed p\u0159i proudech p\u0159es 2500 A b\u011bhem maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 2 sekund. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee teplotn\u00ed gradient dos\u00e1hl hodnoty 10 \u00b0C\/min. Za 10 sekund \u010dl\u00e1nek p\u0159id\u00e1 k sv\u00e9 teplot\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,7 stupn\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e je v re\u017eimu zrychlen\u00ed. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

      \u2013 T\u0159\u00edvrstv\u00fd separ\u00e1tor v \u010dl\u00e1nku v re\u017eimu p\u0159eb\u00edjen\u00ed zajist\u00ed blokaci p\u0159echodu iont\u016f lithia na anodu \u010dl\u00e1nku. Teplota blokace \u010din\u00ed 250 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

      \"\u010cas
      \n
      \nTe\u010f se pod\u00edvejme, co m\u00e1me s teplotou \u010dl\u00e1nku; porovn\u00e1me, v jak\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch doch\u00e1z\u00ed k aktivaci r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f ochran na \u00farovni \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

      \u2014 syst\u00e9m OSD \u2013 3,5 \u00b1 0,1 kg\/cm2 <= vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tlak
      \nDodate\u010dn\u00e1 ochrana proti nadproud\u016fm.<\/p>\n

      \u2014 ochrann\u00fd ventil 7,0\u00b11,0 kg\/cm2 <= vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tlak<\/p>\n

      \u2014 jisti\u010d uvnit\u0159 \u010dl\u00e1nku 2 sekundy p\u0159i 2500A (re\u017eim p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed over current)<\/p>\n

      \"\u010cas
      \n
      \nRiziko term\u00e1ln\u00edho runaway \u010dl\u00e1nku p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00e1vis\u00ed na stupni\/\u00farovni nabit\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku, podrobnosti zde\u2026<\/b>Zv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme efekt \u00farovn\u011b nabit\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku v kontextu rizik vzniku tepeln\u00e9ho runaway. Pod\u00edvejme se na tabulku odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed teplot\u011b \u010dl\u00e1nku v z\u00e1vislosti na parametru SOC (State of Charge, \u00farove\u0148 nabit\u00ed akumul\u00e1toru).<\/p>\n

      \"\u010cas
      \n
      \n\u00darove\u0148 nabit\u00ed akumul\u00e1toru se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed v procentech a ukazuje, jak\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st celkov\u00e9ho nabit\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b ulo\u017een\u00e1 v akumul\u00e1toru. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zva\u017eujeme re\u017eim p\u0159ebit\u00ed akumul\u00e1toru. M\u016f\u017eeme usoudit, \u017ee v z\u00e1vislosti na chemick\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed lithium \u010dl\u00e1nku se baterie m\u016f\u017ee chovat r\u016fzn\u011b p\u0159i p\u0159ebit\u00ed a m\u00e1 r\u016fznou sklonnost k tepeln\u00e9mu runaway. To je zp\u016fsobeno r\u016fznou m\u011brnou kapacitou (Ah\/g) r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f Li-Ion \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f. \u010c\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je m\u011brn\u00e1 kapacita \u010dl\u00e1nku, t\u00edm rychleji dojde k tepeln\u00e9mu v\u00fdkonu p\u0159i p\u0159ebit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      Krom\u011b toho p\u0159i 100% SOC vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zkrat \u010dasto vede k tepeln\u00e9mu runaway \u010dl\u00e1nku. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, kdy\u017e m\u00e1 \u010dl\u00e1nek \u00farove\u0148 nabit\u00ed 80% SOC, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota za\u010d\u00e1tku tepeln\u00e9ho runaway se posune v\u00fd\u0161e. \u010cl\u00e1nek je v\u00edce odoln\u00fd proti havarijn\u00edm re\u017eim\u016fm. <\/p>\n

      A nakonec, pro 70% SOC nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zkraty v\u016fbec p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou tepeln\u00e9ho runaway. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee riziko vzn\u00edcen\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku se v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje, a nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 je pouze aktivace bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho ventilu lithium akumul\u00e1toru.<\/p>\n

      Krom\u011b toho z tabulky vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee LFP (fialov\u00e1 k\u0159ivka) baterie m\u00e1 obvykle strm\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst teploty, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee f\u00e1ze \"zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed\" plynule p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do f\u00e1ze \"tepeln\u00fd runaway\", a odolnost tohoto syst\u00e9mu v\u016f\u010di p\u0159ebit\u00ed je pon\u011bkud hor\u0161\u00ed. Baterie typu LMO, jak vid\u00edme, maj\u00ed plynulej\u0161\u00ed charakteristiku zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159ebit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      D\u016eLE\u017dIT\u00c9:<\/b> P\u0159i aktivaci syst\u00e9mu OSD dojde k resetov\u00e1n\u00ed bu\u0148ky na bypass. T\u00edm se sni\u017euje nap\u011bt\u00ed na stojanu, ale ten z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v provozu a vy\u0159azuje sign\u00e1l do monitorovac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu UPS prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm syst\u00e9mu BMS samotn\u00e9ho stojanu. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b klasick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu UPS s bateriemi VRLA m\u016f\u017ee zkrat nebo p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fd obvod uvnit\u0159 jedn\u00e9 AKB ve stringu v\u00e9st k selh\u00e1n\u00ed UPS jako celku a ztr\u00e1t\u011b funk\u010dnosti IT vybaven\u00ed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

      Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pro pou\u017eit\u00ed lithium-iontov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v UPS relevantn\u00ed rizika:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Tepeln\u00fd b\u011bh bu\u0148ky, modulu v d\u016fsledku vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho zkratu \u2013 n\u011bkolik \u00farovn\u00ed ochrany.\n<\/li>\n
      2. Tepeln\u00fd b\u011bh bu\u0148ky, modulu v d\u016fsledku vnit\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1vady baterie \u2013 n\u011bkolik \u00farovn\u00ed ochrany na \u00farovni bu\u0148ky, modulu.\n<\/li>\n
      3. P\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed \u2013 ochrana prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm BMS plus v\u0161echny \u00farovn\u011b ochrany stojanu, modulu, bu\u0148ky.\n<\/li>\n
      4. Mechanick\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed \u2013 nerelevantn\u00ed pro n\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edpad, riziko ud\u00e1losti je zanedbateln\u00e9.\n<\/li>\n
      5. P\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed stojanu a v\u0161ech bateri\u00ed (modul\u016f, bun\u011bk). Nen\u00ed kritick\u00e9 do 70-90 stup\u0148\u016f. Pokud teplota v m\u00edstnosti, kde je nainstalov\u00e1na UPS, vzroste nad tyto hodnoty \u2013 jde ji\u017e o po\u017e\u00e1r v budov\u011b. V norm\u00e1ln\u00edch provozn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch datov\u00e9ho centra je riziko ud\u00e1losti zanedbateln\u00e9.\n<\/li>\n
      6. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u017eivotnosti bateri\u00ed p\u0159i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch prostoru \u2013 je povolena dlouh\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce p\u0159i teplot\u011b do 40 stup\u0148\u016f bez znateln\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u017eivotnosti bateri\u00ed. Olov\u011bn\u00e9 baterie jsou velmi citliv\u00e9 na jak\u00e9koli zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty a sni\u017euj\u00ed svou zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivotnost \u00fam\u011brn\u011b k n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \nPod\u00edvejme se na blokovou sch\u00e9ma rizik hav\u00e1ri\u00ed s lithium-iontov\u00fdmi bateriemi v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed v datov\u00e9m centru, serverovn\u011b. Trochu zjednodu\u0161\u00edme sch\u00e9ma, proto\u017ee lithium-iontov\u00e9 UPS budou provozov\u00e1ny za ide\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek, pokud porovn\u00e1me podm\u00ednky provozu bateri\u00ed ve va\u0161em za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, telefonu.<\/p>\n

        \"\u010cas
        \n Foto je klikateln\u00e9.<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

        Z\u00c1V\u011aR:<\/b> <\/b> Specializovan\u00e9 lithium-iontov\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory pro UPS datov\u00fdch center, servery maj\u00ed dostate\u010dnou \u00farove\u0148 ochrany proti mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm situac\u00edm. V r\u00e1mci komplexn\u00edho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch stup\u0148\u016f a v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u011btilet\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed potvrzuj\u00ed vysokou \u00farove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee provoz lithium-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed v na\u0161em sektoru prob\u00edh\u00e1 v \"sklen\u00edc\u00edch\" pro technologie Li-Ion: na rozd\u00edl od va\u0161eho chytr\u00e9ho telefonu v kapse, baterie v datov\u00e9m centru nebude nikdo h\u00e1zet, p\u0159eh\u0159\u00edvat, vyb\u00edjet ka\u017ed\u00fd den nebo aktivn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat v bufferov\u00e9m re\u017eimu.<\/p>\n

        Zjistit podrobnosti a prodiskutovat konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed s pou\u017eit\u00edm lithium-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed pro v\u00e1\u0161 server nebo datov\u00e9 centrum m\u016f\u017eete zasl\u00e1n\u00edm dotazu na e-mail info@ot.ru<\/a><\/noindex>, nebo u\u010dinit dotaz na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch spole\u010dnosti www.ot.ru<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

        OTEV\u0158EN\u00c9 TECHNOLOGIE<\/b> \u2013 spolehliv\u00e1 komplexn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed od sv\u011btov\u00fdch l\u00eddr\u016f, p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u011b podle va\u0161ich c\u00edl\u016f a \u00fakol\u016f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

        \nAutor:<\/i> Oleg Kulikov
        \nHlavn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdr konstruktor
        \nOdd\u011blen\u00ed integra\u010dn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed
        \nSpole\u010dnost Otev\u0159en\u00e9 Technologie<\/p>\n

        <\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

        Pouze registrovan\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 se mohou \u00fa\u010dastnit ankety. P\u0159ihlaste se<\/a><\/noindex>, pros\u00edm.<\/p>\n

        Jak\u00fd je v\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1zor na bezpe\u010dnost a pou\u017eitelnost pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed na technologi\u00edch Li-Ion?<\/h2>\n