{"id":77515,"date":"2020-04-11T01:42:41","date_gmt":"2020-04-10T23:42:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vtiskivaem-windows-server-na-malomoshhnuyu-vps-s-pomoshhyu-windows-server-core"},"modified":"2020-04-11T01:42:41","modified_gmt":"2020-04-10T23:42:41","slug":"vtiskivaem-windows-server-na-malomoshhnuyu-vps-s-pomoshhyu-windows-server-core","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vtiskivaem-windows-server-na-malomoshhnuyu-vps-s-pomoshhyu-windows-server-core","title":{"rendered":"Vtiskujeme Windows Server na malou VPS s pomoc\u00ed Windows Server Core","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/496476\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vtiskujeme Windows Server na malou VPS s pomoc\u00ed Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/409b5d824729bda2e7749f71526235b1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nKv\u016fli n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti syst\u00e9m\u016f Windows dominuj\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed VPS lehk\u00e9 linuxov\u00e9 distribuce: Mint, Colibri OS, Debian nebo Ubuntu, zbaven\u00e9 zbyte\u010dn\u00e9ho, pro na\u0161e \u00fakoly t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed pracovn\u00edho panelu. Jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, pouze konzole, pouze hardcore! A ve skute\u010dnosti, to rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed nads\u00e1zka: ten sam\u00fd Debian b\u011b\u017e\u00ed na 256 MB pam\u011bti a jednom j\u00e1dru s taktem 1 GHz, tedy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na jak\u00e9mkoli 'pa\u0159ezu'. Pro pohodlnou pr\u00e1ci je pot\u0159eba alespo\u0148 512 MB a procesor trochu svi\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Ale co kdybychom v\u00e1m \u0159ekli, \u017ee n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho lze prov\u00e9st i na VPS pod Windows? \u017de nen\u00ed t\u0159eba nasazovat t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u00fd Windows Server, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje t\u0159i a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i gigabajty opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti a minim\u00e1ln\u011b dva procesorov\u00e9 j\u00e1dra s taktem 1,4 GHz? Sta\u010d\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt Windows Server Core \u2013 zbavit se GUI a \u010d\u00e1sti slu\u017eeb. O tom, jak to ud\u011blat, budeme hovo\u0159it v \u010dl\u00e1nku.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Kdo je ten v\u00e1\u0161 Windows Server Core?<\/h2>\n<p>\nJasn\u00e9 informace o tom, co je Windows (server) Core, nejsou ani na ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Microsoftu, p\u0159esn\u011bji, v\u0161echno je tam tak zamotan\u00e9, \u017ee to hned nepochop\u00edte, ale prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednky se datuj\u00ed u\u017e do \u00e9ry Windows Server 2008. V podstat\u011b, Windows Core je funk\u010dn\u00ed j\u00e1dro Windows Server (p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b!), 'zhubnut\u00e9' o velikost vlastn\u00edho GUI a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovinu vedlej\u0161\u00edch slu\u017eeb.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed vychyt\u00e1vka Windows Core je nen\u00e1ro\u010dnost na hardware a kompletn\u00ed ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159es konzoli pomoc\u00ed PowerShell.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1te na web Microsoftu a zkontrolujete technick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky, pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Windows Server 2016\/2019 budete pot\u0159ebovat alespo\u0148 2 gigabyty opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti a minim\u00e1ln\u011b jedno j\u00e1dro s taktem 1,4 GHz. Ale v\u0161ichni v\u00edme, \u017ee na takov\u00e9 konfiguraci m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat pouze spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9mu, ale rozhodn\u011b ne pohodlnou pr\u00e1ci na\u0161\u00ed OS. Pr\u00e1v\u011b z tohoto d\u016fvodu se pro pr\u00e1ci s Windows Server obvykle vy\u010dle\u0148uje v\u00edce pam\u011bti a minim\u00e1ln\u011b 2 j\u00e1dra\/4 vl\u00e1kna od procesoru, pokud se j\u00ed v\u016fbec neposkytne drah\u00e1 fyzick\u00e1 ma\u0161ina na n\u011bjak\u00e9m Xeon, m\u00edsto levn\u00e9 virtualizace.<\/p>\n<p>Samotn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro serverov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159itom pot\u0159ebuje pouze 512 MB pam\u011bti, a ty procesorov\u00e9 zdroje, kter\u00e9 byly vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny GUI jen pro to, aby se mohly zobrazovat na obrazovce a udr\u017eovat v chodu sv\u00e9 \u010detn\u00e9 slu\u017eby, m\u016f\u017eete nasm\u011brovat na n\u011bco u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho.<\/p>\n<p>Zde je srovn\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb podporovan\u00fdch z krabice Windows Core a plnohodnotn\u00e9ho Windows Serveru z ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch str\u00e1nek Microsoftu:<\/p>\n<p><strong>application<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>server core<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>server s<\/strong><strong>desktop experience<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edkazov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Windows PowerShell\/ Microsoft .NET<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Perfmon.exe<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Windbg (GUI)<br \/>\npodporov\u00e1no<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Resmon.exe<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Regedit<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Fsutil.exe<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Disksnapshot.exe<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Diskpart.exe<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Diskmgmt.msc<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Devmgmt.msc<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1vce serveru<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Mmc.exe<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Eventvwr<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Wevtutil (dotazy na ud\u00e1losti)<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Slu\u017eby.msc<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed panel<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Windows Update (GUI)<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00edk Windows<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Taskbar<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Ozn\u00e1men\u00ed na panelu \u00faloh<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Taskmgr<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Internet Explorer nebo Edge<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Vestav\u011bn\u00fd pomocn\u00fd syst\u00e9m<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Shell Windows 10<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Windows Media Player<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>PowerShell<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>PowerShell ISE<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>PowerShell IME<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Mstsc.exe<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Slu\u017eby vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 plochy<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1vce Hyper-V<br \/>\nnedostupn\u00fd<br \/>\ndostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>\nJak je vid\u011bt, z Windows Core bylo vy\u0159\u00edznuto velmi mnoho. Byly odstran\u011bny slu\u017eby a procesy spojen\u00e9 s GUI syst\u00e9mu, stejn\u011b jako ve\u0161ker\u00fd \"odpad\", kter\u00fd rozhodn\u011b nebude pot\u0159eba na na\u0161em konzolov\u00e9m virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm stroji, nap\u0159\u00edklad Windows Media Player.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jako Linux, ale nen\u00ed to on<\/h2>\n<p>\nWindows Server Core se velmi r\u00e1do porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 s Linuxov\u00fdmi distribucemi, ale ve skute\u010dnosti to nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u00e9. Ano, tyto syst\u00e9my se navz\u00e1jem podobaj\u00ed z pohledu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 spot\u0159eby zdroj\u016f d\u00edky odm\u00edtnut\u00ed GUI a mnoha vedlej\u0161\u00edch slu\u017eeb, ale z hlediska provozu a n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f k sestaven\u00ed, to je st\u00e1le Windows, a ne unixov\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je, \u017ee prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ru\u010dn\u00edho sestaven\u00ed j\u00e1dra Linux a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 instalace bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f a slu\u017eeb, i ten nejleh\u010d\u00ed Linuxov\u00fd distribuce se m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit v n\u011bco t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u00e9ho a podobn\u00e9ho \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9mu no\u017ei (tady by bylo velmi humorn\u00e9 vtipkovat o Pythonu a vlo\u017eit obr\u00e1zek ze s\u00e9rie \u201eIf Programming Languages Were Weapons\u201c, ale nebudeme). Ve Windows Core je t\u00e9to svobody mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b, proto\u017ee se p\u0159ece jen jedn\u00e1 o produkt Microsoftu.<\/p>\n<p>Windows Server Core se dod\u00e1v\u00e1 ji\u017e jako p\u0159ipraven\u00e1 sestava, jej\u00ed\u017e v\u00fdchoz\u00ed konfiguraci lze hodnotit na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 tabulky. Pokud budete pot\u0159ebovat n\u011bco ze seznamu nepodporovan\u00fdch, budete muset online prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm konzole p\u0159idat chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed prvky. Je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nezapom\u00ednat na funkci Feature on demand a mo\u017enost st\u00e1hnout komponenty jako CAB soubory, kter\u00e9 pak lze p\u0159idat do sestavy p\u0159ed instalac\u00ed. Ale tento sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 nefunguje, pokud jste zjistili, \u017ee v\u00e1m n\u011bjak\u00e1 vy\u0159azen\u00e1 slu\u017eba chyb\u00ed, ji\u017e b\u011bhem provozu.<\/p>\n<p>Ale co v\u00fdrazn\u011b odli\u0161uje verzi Core od pln\u00e9 verze \u2014 je to mo\u017enost aktualizace syst\u00e9mu a p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb bez zastaven\u00ed \u010dinnosti. Windows Core podporuje rozbalen\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f \u201eza tepla\u201c, bez restartu. V\u00fdsledkem na z\u00e1klad\u011b praktick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed je, \u017ee stroj b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na Windows Core je t\u0159eba restartovat p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 6kr\u00e1t m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e stroj b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na Windows Server, tedy jednou za p\u016fl roku, nikoli jednou za m\u011bs\u00edc.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdm bonusem pro administr\u00e1tory bude to, \u017ee pokud se syst\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, jak bylo zam\u00fd\u0161leno \u2014 p\u0159es konzoli, bez RDP \u2014 a ned\u011bl\u00e1 se z n\u011bj druh\u00fd Windows Server, st\u00e1v\u00e1 se extr\u00e9mn\u011b zabezpe\u010den\u00fdm ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s plnou verz\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina zranitelnost\u00ed Windows Serveru se toti\u017e nach\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b v RDP a v \u010dinnostech u\u017eivatele, kter\u00fd prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tohoto RDP d\u011bl\u00e1 to, co by nem\u011bl. Je to podobn\u00e9 jako v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu s Henrym Fordem a jeho vztahem k barv\u011b automobilu: \u201eJak\u00fdkoli z\u00e1kazn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt auto v jak\u00e9koli barv\u011b, kterou chce, pokud je <strong>\u010dern\u00e1<\/strong>\u201c. Stejn\u011b tak se to m\u00e1 i se syst\u00e9mem: u\u017eivatel m\u016f\u017ee jak\u00fdmkoli zp\u016fsobem komunikovat se syst\u00e9mem, hlavn\u011b a\u0165 to d\u011bl\u00e1 p\u0159es <strong>konzoli<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Instalace a spr\u00e1va Windows Server 2019 Core<\/h2>\n<p>\nD\u0159\u00edve jsme zm\u00ednili, \u017ee Windows Core je vlastn\u011b Windows Server bez ob\u00e1lky GUI. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eete vyu\u017e\u00edt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jakoukoli verzi Windows Server jako core-verzi, tedy se vzd\u00e1t GUI. Pro produkty ze skupiny Windows Server 2019 jsou to 3 ze 4 serverov\u00fdch build\u016f: core re\u017eim je dostupn\u00fd pro Windows Server 2019 Standard Edition, Windows Server 2019 Datacenter a Hyper-V Server 2019, tak\u017ee z tohoto seznamu vypad\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze Windows Server 2019 Essentials. <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159itom instala\u010dn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek Windows Server Core zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 hledat nen\u00ed t\u0159eba. V b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m instal\u00e1toru od Microsoftu je core verze nab\u00edzena de facto automaticky, zat\u00edmco verzi s GUI je nutn\u00e9 vyb\u00edrat ru\u010dn\u011b:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vtiskujeme Windows Server na malou VPS s pomoc\u00ed Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/8b2ca8401ef09ac026696a4007b615e7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nMo\u017enost\u00ed, jak \u0159\u00eddit syst\u00e9m, je ve skute\u010dnosti v\u00edce ne\u017e jedna zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 PowerShell, kterou v\u00fdrobce nab\u00edz\u00ed jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed. Spravovat virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj na Windows Server Core lze minim\u00e1ln\u011b p\u011bti r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Remote PowerShell;<\/li>\n<li>Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT);<\/li>\n<li>Windows Admin Center;<\/li>\n<li>Sconfig;<\/li>\n<li>Server Manager.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jem vzbuzuj\u00ed prvn\u00ed t\u0159i mo\u017enosti: standardn\u00ed PowerShell, RSAT a Windows Admin Center. Je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat, \u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdhod jednoho z n\u00e1stroj\u016f si z\u00e1rove\u0148 klademe omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 s n\u00edm p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017enosti konzole rozepisovat nebudeme, PowerShell je PowerShell, se sv\u00fdmi zjevn\u00fdmi plusy a minusy. S RSAT a WAC je to v\u0161ak o n\u011bco slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>WAC poskytuje p\u0159\u00edstup k d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm ovl\u00e1dac\u00edm prvk\u016fm, jako je \u00faprava registru a spr\u00e1va disk\u016f a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. RSAT v prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b funguje pouze v re\u017eimu prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a neumo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e1d\u011bt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zm\u011bny, a pro spr\u00e1vu disk\u016f a fyzick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro vzd\u00e1lenou spr\u00e1vu serveru pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed GUI, co\u017e nen\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edpad. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee RSAT nem\u016f\u017ee pracovat s soubory, a tud\u00ed\u017e ani s aktualizacemi, instalac\u00ed\/odebr\u00e1n\u00edm program\u016f v \u00faprav\u011b registru.<\/p>\n<h3>\u258dSpr\u00e1va syst\u00e9mu<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/code><br \/>\n<strong>WAC<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>RSAT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va komponent\u016f<br \/>\nAno<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>Editor registru<br \/>\nAno<br \/>\nNe<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va s\u00edt\u011b<br \/>\nAno<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>Prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d ud\u00e1lost\u00ed<br \/>\nAno<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>Sd\u00edlen\u00e9 slo\u017eky<br \/>\nAno<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va disk\u016f<br \/>\nAno<br \/>\nPouze pro servery s GUI<\/p>\n<p>Pl\u00e1nova\u010d \u00faloh<br \/>\nAno<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<br \/>\nAno<br \/>\nPouze pro servery s GUI<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va soubor\u016f<br \/>\nAno<br \/>\nNe<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va u\u017eivatel\u016f<br \/>\nAno<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va skupin<br \/>\nAno<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>Spr\u00e1va certifik\u00e1t\u016f<br \/>\nAno<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>Aktualizace<br \/>\nAno<br \/>\nNe<\/p>\n<p>Odstran\u011bn\u00ed program\u016f<br \/>\nAno<br \/>\nNe<\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd monitor<br \/>\nAno<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>\nNa druhou stranu, RSAT n\u00e1m d\u00e1v\u00e1 plnou kontrolu nad rolemi na stroji, zat\u00edmco Windows Admin Center v tomto ohledu doslova nic nem\u016f\u017ee. Tady je srovn\u00e1n\u00ed schopnost\u00ed RSAT a WAC v tomto aspektu pro n\u00e1zornost:<\/p>\n<h3>\u258dSpr\u00e1va rol\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><code>\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/code><br \/>\n<strong>WAC<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>RSAT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Advanced Thread Protection<br \/>\nN\u00c1HLED<br \/>\nNe<\/p>\n<p>Windows Defender<br \/>\nN\u00c1HLED<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>Kontejnery<br \/>\nN\u00c1HLED<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>AD Administrativn\u00ed centrum<br \/>\nN\u00c1HLED<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>AD Dom\u00e9ny a d\u016fv\u011bry<br \/>\nNe<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>AD lokalit a slu\u017eeb<br \/>\nNe<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>DHCP<br \/>\nN\u00c1HLED<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>. Vytvo\u0159te A-z\u00e1znam blog a ur\u010dete pro n\u011bj n\u011bjakou fiktivn\u00ed IP (to je ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed<br \/>\nN\u00c1HLED<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>DFS Spr\u00e1vce<br \/>\nNe<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>GPO Spr\u00e1vce<br \/>\nNe<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>IIS Spr\u00e1vce<br \/>\nNe<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>To u\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee pokud se vzd\u00e1me GUI a PowerShellu ve prosp\u011bch jin\u00fdch ovl\u00e1dac\u00edch prvk\u016f, od pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9ho mono-n\u00e1stroje se nevyhneme: pro komplexn\u00ed administraci na v\u0161ech front\u00e1ch budeme pot\u0159ebovat alespo\u0148 kombinaci RSAT a WAC. <\/p>\n<p>Je t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed WAC si vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 150-180 megabajt\u016f opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti. Windows Admin Center p\u0159i p\u0159ipojen\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 3-4 relace na stran\u011b serveru, kter\u00e9 nelze zru\u0161it ani p\u0159i odpojen\u00ed n\u00e1stroje od virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho stroje. WAC tak\u00e9 nefunguje se star\u0161\u00edmi verzemi PowerShellu, tak\u017ee budete pot\u0159ebovat alespo\u0148 PowerShell 5.0. To v\u0161e jde proti na\u0161\u00ed paradigm\u011b tvrd\u00e9 \u00faspory zdroj\u016f, ale za pohodl\u00ed se mus\u00ed platit. V na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u2014 opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bt\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed spr\u00e1vy Server Core je instalace GUI pomoc\u00ed extern\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, aby se nemusely tahat ty tuny balastu, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed v pln\u00e9 verzi spolu s rozhran\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u00e1me dv\u011b mo\u017enosti: nainstalovat origin\u00e1ln\u00ed Explorer nebo vyu\u017e\u00edt Explorer++. Jako alternativu k posledn\u011b jmenovan\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017ee zvolit jak\u00fdkoli spr\u00e1vce soubor\u016f: Total Commander, FAR Manager, Double Commander a tak d\u00e1le. Posledn\u00ed jmenovan\u00fd je preferovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pokud pro v\u00e1s hraje roli \u00faspora opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed Explorer++ nebo jin\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vce soubor\u016f lze prov\u00e9st vytvo\u0159en\u00edm s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 slo\u017eky a spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm p\u0159es konzoli nebo pl\u00e1nova\u010d \u00faloh. <\/p>\n<p>Instalace plnohodnotn\u00e9ho Exploreru n\u00e1m poskytne v\u00edce mo\u017enost\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci se softwarem vybaven\u00fdm u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm. K tomu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/ru-ru\/windows-server\/get-started-19\/install-fod-19\">se mus\u00edme obr\u00e1tit<\/a><\/noindex> na funkci Server Core App Compatibility Feature on Demand (FOD), kter\u00e1 vr\u00e1t\u00ed do syst\u00e9mu MMC, Eventvwr, PerfMon, Resmon, Explorer.exe a dokonce i Powershell ISE. Av\u0161ak za to budeme muset zaplatit, stejn\u011b jako u WAC: trvale ztrat\u00edme p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 150-200 megabajt\u016f opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti, kter\u00e9 ne\u00faprosn\u011b spot\u0159ebuje explorer.exe a dal\u0161\u00ed slu\u017eby. I kdy\u017e na stroji nen\u00ed aktivn\u00ed u\u017eivatel.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vtiskujeme Windows Server na malou VPS s pomoc\u00ed Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5b59284a6cd606b0878aea5068c45894.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vtiskujeme Windows Server na malou VPS s pomoc\u00ed Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/03a89f4d2c99ed9fcc588774b4618d1d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTakhle vypad\u00e1 spot\u0159eba pam\u011bti syst\u00e9mem na stroj\u00edch s vlastn\u00ed verz\u00ed Exploreru a bez n\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Tady vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 logick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: pro\u010d v\u0161echny tyto obraty s PowerShellem, FOD, spr\u00e1vci soubor\u016f, kdy\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd krok vlevo-vpravo zvy\u0161uje spot\u0159ebu opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti? Pro\u010d se zat\u011b\u017eovat hromadou n\u00e1stroj\u016f a t\u00e1pit ze strany na stranu, abychom si zajistili pohodlnou pr\u00e1ci na Windows Server Core, kdy\u017e si m\u016f\u017eeme jednodu\u0161e nainstalovat Windows Server 2016\/2019 a \u017e\u00edt jako norm\u00e1ln\u00ed lid\u00e9?<\/p>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik d\u016fvod\u016f pro pou\u017eit\u00ed Server Core. Prvn\u00ed: jeho spot\u0159eba pam\u011bti je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvakr\u00e1t men\u0161\u00ed. Pokud si pamatujete, toto kriterium bylo z\u00e1kladem na\u0161eho \u010dl\u00e1nku u\u017e na za\u010d\u00e1tku. Tady je pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159eba pam\u011bti Windows Server 2019, porovnejte se sn\u00edmky obrazovky v\u00fd\u0161e:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vtiskujeme Windows Server na malou VPS s pomoc\u00ed Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4bda19f3561e1b7c1174aeb2f4689dc4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nA tak, 1146 MB spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9 pam\u011bti m\u00edsto 655 MB na Core.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Pokud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee WAC nebudete pot\u0159ebovat a m\u00edsto origin\u00e1ln\u00edho Exploreru budete pou\u017e\u00edvat Explorer++, pak <strong>st\u00e1le u\u0161et\u0159\u00edte t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u016fl hektaru <\/strong>na ka\u017ed\u00e9 virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed ma\u0161in\u011b b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed pod Windows Server. Pokud je virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed ma\u0161ina jedna, je p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstek zanedbateln\u00fd, ale pokud jich je p\u011bt? Tam u\u017e m\u00e1 GUI v\u00fdznam, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pokud ho nepot\u0159ebujete.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Druh\u00e9 \u2014 jak\u00e9koli tan\u010den\u00ed kolem Windows Server Core v\u00e1s nezbav\u00ed hlavn\u00edho probl\u00e9mu p\u0159i provozov\u00e1n\u00ed Windows Server \u2014 RDP a jeho bezpe\u010dnosti (p\u0159esn\u011bji, \u00fapln\u00e9 jej\u00ed absenci). Windows Core, i kdy\u017e je zabalen\u00fd v podob\u011b FOD, RSAT a WAC, st\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 serverem bez RDP, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nen\u00ed vystaven 95 % st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch \u00fatok\u016f.<\/p>\n<h2>V zbytku<\/h2>\n<p>\nCelkov\u011b je Windows Core jen o n\u011bco \"tlust\u0161\u00ed\" ne\u017e jak\u00fdkoli standardn\u00ed Linuxov\u00fd distribuce, ale je mnohem funk\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pokud pot\u0159ebujete uvolnit zdroje a jste ochotni pracovat s konzol\u00ed, WAC a RSAT, pou\u017e\u00edvat souborov\u00e9 mana\u017eery m\u00edsto plnohodnotn\u00e9ho GUI \u2014 pak byste se m\u011bli zam\u011b\u0159it na Core. O to v\u00edc, \u017ee d\u00edky tomu nemus\u00edte platit za plnohodnotn\u00fd Windows, a u\u0161et\u0159en\u00e9 pen\u00edze m\u016f\u017eete investovat do upgradu sv\u00e9ho <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\">VPS<\/a><\/noindex>, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm RAM. Pro pohodl\u00ed jsme p\u0159idali Windows Server Core do na\u0161eho <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/marketplace\/servercore#order\">marketplace<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/#order\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vtiskujeme Windows Server na malou VPS s pomoc\u00ed Windows Server Core\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/51bc5f4abc6841d658b5859e4ecedc92.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/496476\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043e\u0440\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 Windows-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 VPS \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0435 Linux-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b: Mint, Colibri OS, Debian \u0438\u043b\u0438 Ubuntu, \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0440! \u0418 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 Debian \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 256 MB \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c 1 Ghz, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":77516,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta 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