{"id":78198,"date":"2020-04-17T13:42:37","date_gmt":"2020-04-17T11:42:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/denormalizacziya-baz-dannyh-erp-sistem-i-ee-vliyanie-na-razvitie-po-otkryvaem-tavernu-na-tortuge"},"modified":"2020-04-17T13:42:37","modified_gmt":"2020-04-17T11:42:37","slug":"denormalizacziya-baz-dannyh-erp-sistem-i-ee-vliyanie-na-razvitie-po-otkryvaem-tavernu-na-tortuge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/denormalizacziya-baz-dannyh-erp-sistem-i-ee-vliyanie-na-razvitie-po-otkryvaem-tavernu-na-tortuge","title":{"rendered":"Denormalizace datab\u00e1z\u00ed ERP syst\u00e9m\u016f a jej\u00ed vliv na v\u00fdvoj softwaru: otev\u00edr\u00e1me tavernu na Tortuze","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ahoj! Jmenuji se Andrej Semjonov, jsem seniorn\u00ed analytik ve Sportmasteru. V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku chci vzn\u00e9st ot\u00e1zku denormalizace datab\u00e1z\u00ed ERP syst\u00e9m\u016f. Pod\u00edv\u00e1me se na obecn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a tak\u00e9 na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad \u2014 \u0159ekn\u011bme, \u017ee to bude skv\u011bl\u00e1 monopoln\u00ed taverny pro pir\u00e1ty a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky. Kde je t\u0159eba obsluhovat pir\u00e1ty a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky rozd\u00edln\u011b, nebo\u0165 p\u0159edstavy o kr\u00e1sn\u00e9m a spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 vzorce t\u011bchto dobr\u00fdch p\u00e1n\u016f se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Jak zajistit, aby byly v\u0161echny strany spokojen\u00e9? Jak se nezbl\u00e1znit p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu a \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b takov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu? Co d\u011blat, kdy\u017e do taverny za\u010dnou p\u0159ich\u00e1zet nejen obvykl\u00ed pir\u00e1ti a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci?<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/sportmaster_lab\/blog\/497550\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Denormalizace datab\u00e1z\u00ed ERP syst\u00e9m\u016f a jej\u00ed vliv na v\u00fdvoj softwaru: otev\u00edr\u00e1me tavernu na Tortuze\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/bd0ccbfa3e3649aac20631e09fcb5b16.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny informace jsou n\u00ed\u017ee. Ale postupujme v po\u0159\u00e1dku.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>1. Omezen\u00ed a p\u0159edpoklady<\/h2>\n<p>\nV\u0161e, co bylo \u0159e\u010deno, se vztahuje pouze na rela\u010dn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze. Dob\u0159e osv\u011btlen\u00e9, v\u010detn\u011b internetu, d\u016fsledky denormalizace ve form\u011b anom\u00e1li\u00ed p\u0159i modifikaci, vymaz\u00e1n\u00ed a vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nejsou zva\u017eov\u00e1ny. Mimo r\u00e1mec publikace z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy je denormalizace b\u011b\u017en\u00e1, s klasick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edklady: s\u00e9riov\u00e9 a \u010d\u00edslo pasu, datum a \u010das a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku jsou pou\u017eity intuitivn\u011b pochopiteln\u00e9 a prakticky pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 definice norm\u00e1ln\u00edch forem, bez odkazu na matematick\u00e9 term\u00edny. Tak, jak mohou b\u00fdt aplikov\u00e1ny na anal\u00fdzu skute\u010dn\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch proces\u016f (BPs) a projektov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>Existuje n\u00e1zor, \u017ee n\u00e1vrh datov\u00fdch sklad\u016f, n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro tvorbu report\u016f a integra\u010dn\u00edch dohod (v nich\u017e se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tabulkov\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed informac\u00ed), se li\u0161\u00ed od n\u00e1vrhu datab\u00e1z\u00ed ERP syst\u00e9m\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee pohodl\u00ed spot\u0159eby a v\u011bdom\u00e1 denormalizace pro jeho dosa\u017een\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt prioritu nad ochranou integrity dat. Tento n\u00e1zor sd\u00edl\u00edm, a n\u00ed\u017ee popsan\u00e9 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u00fdhradn\u011b model\u016f hlavn\u00edch dat a transak\u010dn\u00edch dat ERP syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00edch forem je uvedeno na p\u0159\u00edkladu, kter\u00fd je v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f srozumiteln\u00fd na b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u00farovni. Jako n\u00e1zorn\u00e1 ilustrace byla v\u0161ak \u00famysln\u011b pou\u017eita zd\u016frazn\u011b \u201evymy\u0161len\u00e1\u201c \u00faloha v bodech 4-5. Pokud to neud\u011bl\u00e1te a vezmete n\u011bjak\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad z u\u010debnice, nap\u0159\u00edklad stejn\u00fd model ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed objedn\u00e1vky z bodu 2, m\u016f\u017eete se ocitnout v situaci, kdy se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e p\u0159esune z navr\u017een\u00e9ho rozlo\u017een\u00ed procesu v modelu na osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti a vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed toho, jak by m\u011bly b\u00fdt procesy a modely ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat v IS. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, vezm\u011bte si dva kvalifikovan\u00e9 IT analytiky, a\u0165 jeden poskytuje slu\u017eby logistik\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159epravuj\u00ed pasa\u017e\u00e9ry, a druh\u00fd logistik\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159epravuj\u00ed stroje pro v\u00fdrobu mikro \u010dip\u016f. Po\u017e\u00e1dejte je, aby bez p\u0159edchoz\u00ed dohody o automatizovateln\u00fdch BPs vytvo\u0159ili datov\u00fd model pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159epravn\u00edm spoji. <\/p>\n<p>Existuje nenulov\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee v navr\u017een\u00fdch modelech najdete nejen znateln\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 sady atribut\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 nesouhlas\u00edc\u00ed sady entit, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd analytik se bude op\u00edrat o jemu zn\u00e1m\u00e9 procesy a \u00fakoly. A \u0159\u00edci v takov\u00e9 situaci, kter\u00fd model je \u201espr\u00e1vn\u00fd\u201c, nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, proto\u017ee chyb\u00ed krit\u00e9rium hodnocen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed formy<\/h2>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/mz\/vc\/ex\/mzvcexxqfzhzyybzk8zvbndmtcc.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Denormalizace datab\u00e1z\u00ed ERP syst\u00e9m\u016f a jej\u00ed vliv na v\u00fdvoj softwaru: otev\u00edr\u00e1me tavernu na Tortuze\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/e2d3fc5656b59671648511b0a0e5f7b9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><b>Prvn\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed forma DB<\/b> vy\u017eaduje atomaritu v\u0161ech atribut\u016f. <br \/>\nPokud nap\u0159\u00edklad objekt A m\u00e1 nekty\u010dov\u00e9 atributy a a b, takov\u00e9 \u017ee c=f(a,b) a v tabulce popisuj\u00edc\u00ed objekt A ukl\u00e1d\u00e1te hodnotu atributu c, pak je v DB poru\u0161ena prvn\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed forma. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud ve specifikaci objedn\u00e1vky uv\u00e1d\u00edte mno\u017estv\u00ed, jeho\u017e jednotky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu zbo\u017e\u00ed: v jednom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b to mohou b\u00fdt kusy, v druh\u00e9m litrech, v t\u0159et\u00edm balen\u00ed slo\u017een\u00e9 z kus\u016f (v v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9m modelu Good_count_WR), pak je v DB poru\u0161ena atomarita atribut\u016f. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, abyste \u0159ekli, jak\u00fd by m\u011bl b\u00fdt ke\u0159 tabulek u specifikace objedn\u00e1vky, pot\u0159ebujete c\u00edlov\u00fd popis procesu pr\u00e1ce v IS, a proto\u017ee procesy mohou b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 mnoho \u201espr\u00e1vn\u00fdch\u201c verz\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><b>Druh\u00e1 norm\u00e1ln\u00ed forma DB<\/b> vy\u017eaduje dodr\u017een\u00ed prvn\u00ed formy a vlastn\u00ed tabulky pro ka\u017edou entitu vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k procesu pr\u00e1ce v informa\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu. Pokud v jedn\u00e9 tabulce existuj\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti s=f1(a) a d=f2(b) a neexistuje z\u00e1vislost s=f3(b), pak je v tabulce poru\u0161ena druh\u00e1 norm\u00e1ln\u00ed forma. V uveden\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edkladu v tabulce \u201eObjedn\u00e1vka\u201c neexistuje z\u00e1vislost mezi objedn\u00e1vkou a adresou. Zm\u011b\u0148te n\u00e1zev ulice nebo m\u011bsta a nebude m\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv na podstatn\u00e9 atributy objedn\u00e1vky. <\/p>\n<p><b>T\u0159et\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed forma DB<\/b> vy\u017eaduje dodr\u017een\u00ed druh\u00e9 norm\u00e1ln\u00ed formy a absenci funk\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1vislost\u00ed mezi atributy r\u016fzn\u00fdch entit. To lze formulovat takto: \u201ev\u0161echno, co m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1no, by m\u011blo b\u00fdt vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1no\u201c. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pokud existuj\u00ed dva objekty A a B. V tabulce, kter\u00e1 uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 atributy objektu A, je zobrazen atribut C, u objektu B existuje atribut b, takov\u00fd, \u017ee existuje c=f4(b), pak je t\u0159et\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed forma poru\u0161ena. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladu atribut \u201ePo\u010det kus\u016f\u201c (Total_count_WR) v z\u00e1znamu objedn\u00e1vky zjevn\u011b nazna\u010duje poru\u0161en\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed formy.<\/p>\n<h2>3. M\u016fj p\u0159\u00edstup k aplikaci normalizace<\/h2>\n<p>\n1. Pouze c\u00edlen\u00fd automatizovateln\u00fd obchodn\u00ed proces m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout analytikovi krit\u00e9ria pro identifikaci entit a atribut\u016f p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed modelu ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed modelu procesu je nutnou podm\u00ednkou pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00edho datov\u00e9ho modelu.<\/p>\n<p>2. Dos\u00e1hnout t\u0159et\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed formy v p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9m smyslu nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v praxi vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ERP syst\u00e9m\u016f \u00fa\u010deln\u00e9 za spln\u011bn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti nebo v\u0161ech n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch podm\u00ednek:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>automatizovan\u00e9 procesy jsou z\u0159\u00eddka podrobeny zm\u011bn\u00e1m, <\/li>\n<li>term\u00edny pro v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj jsou stla\u010den\u00e9, <\/li>\n<li>po\u017eadavky na integritu dat jsou relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 (potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed chyby v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m softwaru nevedou k ztr\u00e1t\u011b pen\u011bz nebo klient\u016f pro z\u00e1kazn\u00edka p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho softwaru)<\/li>\n<li>atd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZa popsan\u00fdch podm\u00ednek n\u00e1klady na identifikaci, popis \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu n\u011bkter\u00fdch objekt\u016f a jejich atribut\u016f nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt ekonomicky efektivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>3. Jak\u00e9koliv d\u016fsledky denormalizace datov\u00e9ho modelu v ji\u017e vytvo\u0159en\u00e9m informa\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu mohou b\u00fdt zm\u00edrn\u011bny d\u016fkladn\u00fdm p\u0159edchoz\u00edm v\u00fdzkumem k\u00f3du a testov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>4. Denormalizace je zp\u016fsob, jak p\u0159esunout pracovn\u00ed n\u00e1klady z f\u00e1ze v\u00fdzkumu zdroj\u016f dat a n\u00e1vrhu obchodn\u00edho procesu do f\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje, z obdob\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed do obdob\u00ed rozvoje syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>5. K dosa\u017een\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed formy datab\u00e1ze je vhodn\u00e9 usilovat, pokud:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sm\u011br zm\u011bny automatizovan\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch proces\u016f je obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li>V r\u00e1mci t\u00fdmu pro implementaci a\/nebo rozvoj je patrn\u00e9 slab\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce.<\/li>\n<li>Syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed integra\u010dn\u00edho obvodu, se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed podle vlastn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Nesoulad dat m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b klient\u016f nebo pen\u011bz pro spole\u010dnost.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n6. N\u00e1vrh modelu dat by m\u011bl b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bn analytikem pouze ve vztahu k model\u016fm c\u00edlov\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho procesu a procesu v informa\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu. Pokud n\u00e1vrh modelu dat prov\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159, bude se muset pono\u0159it do oboru natolik, aby nap\u0159\u00edklad rozum\u011bl rozd\u00edl\u016fm mezi hodnotami atribut\u016f \u2014 co\u017e je nezbytn\u00e9 pro vymezen\u00ed atom\u00e1rn\u00edch atribut\u016f. Tak\u017ee si bere na sebe neobvykl\u00e9 funkce.<\/p>\n<h2>4 \u00dakol pro ilustraci<\/h2>\n<p>\nP\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee m\u00e1te malou robotizovanou tavernu v p\u0159\u00edstavu. V\u00e1\u0161 tr\u017en\u00ed segment: n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci a pir\u00e1ti, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed do p\u0159\u00edstavu a pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed odpo\u010dinek. N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016fm prod\u00e1v\u00e1te \u010daj s tymi\u00e1nem, zat\u00edmco pir\u00e1t\u016fm rum a kost\u011bn\u00e9 h\u0159ebeny pro \u010des\u00e1n\u00ed vous\u016f. Slu\u017ebu v tavern\u011b zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed robotick\u00e1 hosteska a robotick\u00fd barman. D\u00edky vysok\u00e9 kvalit\u011b a n\u00edzk\u00fdm cen\u00e1m jste vytla\u010dili v\u0161echny konkurenty, tak\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo vystoup\u00ed z lodi, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed do va\u0161\u00ed taverny, kter\u00e1 je jedin\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edstavu.<\/p>\n<p>Komplex informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f taverny se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho softwaru: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Syst\u00e9m \u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed o z\u00e1kazn\u00edkovi, kter\u00fd rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1 jeho kategorii podle charakteristick\u00fdch znak\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed robot\u016f-hostes a robot\u016f-barman\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed skladu a dod\u00e1vky na m\u00edsto prodeje.<\/li>\n<li>Syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vztah\u016f s dodavateli (SRVD).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nProces:<\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9m \u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1 osoby sestupuj\u00edc\u00ed z lodi. Pokud je \u010dlov\u011bk hladce oholen, ur\u010duje ho jako n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edka; pokud je u n\u011bj zji\u0161t\u011bn vous, ur\u010duje ho jako pir\u00e1ta.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e host vstoup\u00ed do taverny, robot-hostes jej zdrav\u00ed podle jeho kategorie, nap\u0159\u00edklad: \u201eHo-ho-ho, v\u00e1\u017een\u00fd pir\u00e1te, pros\u00edm, poj\u010fte ke stolu \u010d. \u2026\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Host proch\u00e1z\u00ed k ur\u010den\u00e9mu stolu, kde robot-barmanka ji\u017e p\u0159ipravila zbo\u017e\u00ed podle kategorie. Robot-barmanka p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 informaci do skladov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, \u017ee dal\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vka dod\u00e1vky by m\u011bla b\u00fdt zv\u00fd\u0161ena, skladov\u00e1 IS na z\u00e1klad\u011b skladov\u00fdch zbytk\u016f vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost o z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed v SUOP.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0165 u\u017e syst\u00e9m v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed vyvinulo va\u0161e intern\u00ed IT, program pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed barmansk\u00fdch robot\u016f vytvo\u0159il extern\u00ed dodavatel speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro va\u0161e podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. A syst\u00e9my pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed skladu a vztah\u016f s dodavateli jsou p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00fdmi krabicov\u00fdmi \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi z trhu.<\/p>\n<h2>5. P\u0159\u00edklady denormalizace a jej\u00ed vliv na v\u00fdvoj SW<\/h2>\n<p>\nP\u0159i projektov\u00e1n\u00ed podnikov\u00e9ho procesu se dotazovan\u00ed odborn\u00edci v oboru jednomysln\u011b shodli, \u017ee po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b pir\u00e1ti pij\u00ed rum a \u010desaj\u00ed si vousy kost\u011bn\u00fdmi h\u0159ebeny, zat\u00edmco n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci pij\u00ed \u010daj s tymi\u00e1nem a jsou v\u017edy hladce oholeni. <\/p>\n<p>Objevuje se rejst\u0159\u00edk typ\u016f klient\u016f ze dvou hodnot: 1 - pir\u00e1ti, 2 - n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci, spole\u010dn\u00fd pro cel\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed obrysy spole\u010dnosti. <\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9m varov\u00e1n\u00ed o klientovi okam\u017eit\u011b ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u00fdsledek zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1zku jako identifik\u00e1tor (ID) rozpoznan\u00e9ho klienta a jeho typ: n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edka nebo pir\u00e1ta. <\/p>\n<p>ID rozpoznan\u00e9ho objektu<br \/>\nKategorie klienta<\/p>\n<p>100500<br \/>\nPir\u00e1tsk\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>100501<br \/>\nPir\u00e1tsk\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>100502<br \/>\nN\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk<\/p>\n<p>Je\u0161t\u011b jednou upozorn\u00edme, \u017ee<\/p>\n<p>1. Na\u0161i n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci jsou ve skute\u010dnosti oholen\u00ed lid\u00e9<br \/>\n2. Na\u0161i pir\u00e1ti jsou ve skute\u010dnosti vousat\u00ed lid\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>Jak\u00e9 probl\u00e9my je t\u0159eba v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b odstranit, aby na\u0161e struktura sm\u011b\u0159ovala k t\u0159et\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed form\u011b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>naru\u0161en\u00ed atom\u00e1rnosti atributu - Kategorie klienta<\/li>\n<li>sm\u011bs analyzovan\u00e9ho faktu a z\u00e1v\u011bru v jedn\u00e9 tabulce <\/li>\n<li>zafixovan\u00e1 funk\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1vislost mezi atributy r\u016fzn\u00fdch entit. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nV normalizovan\u00e9m tvaru bychom z\u00edskali dv\u011b tabulky: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v\u00fdsledek rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed ve form\u011b sady stanoven\u00fdch znak\u016f,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>ID rozpoznan\u00e9ho objektu<br \/>\nVlasov\u00fd porost na obli\u010deji<\/p>\n<p>100500<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>100501<br \/>\nAno<\/p>\n<p>100502<br \/>\nNe<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v\u00fdsledek ur\u010den\u00ed typu klienta jako aplikace vlo\u017een\u00e9 v IS logiky pro interpretaci stanoven\u00fdch znak\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ID rozpoznan\u00e9ho objektu<br \/>\nID identifikace<br \/>\nKategorie klienta<\/p>\n<p>100500<br \/>\n100001<br \/>\nPir\u00e1tsk\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>100501<br \/>\n100002<br \/>\nPir\u00e1tsk\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>100502<br \/>\n100003<br \/>\nN\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk<\/p>\n<p>Jak normalizovan\u00e1 organizace ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat m\u016f\u017ee usnadnit rozvoj komplexu IS? P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee ne\u010dekan\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1te nov\u00e9 klienty. Nech\u0165 to budou japonsk\u00e9 pir\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt bez vous\u016f, ale nos\u00ed papou\u0161ka na rameni, a ekologick\u00e9 pir\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 snadno pozn\u00e1te podle modr\u00e9ho profilu Grety na lev\u00e9 hrudi. <\/p>\n<p>Ekologi\u010dt\u00ed pir\u00e1ti samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nemohou pou\u017e\u00edvat kost\u011bn\u00e9 h\u0159ebeny a po\u017eaduj\u00ed alternativu z recyklovan\u00e9ho mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho plastu.<\/p>\n<p>Je nezbytn\u00e9 p\u0159epracovat algoritmy fungov\u00e1n\u00ed program\u016f v souladu s nov\u00fdmi vstupy. Kdyby byla pravidla normalizace dodr\u017eena, museli byste pouze u n\u011bkter\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f doplnit vstupy pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u011btve proces\u016f a vytvo\u0159it nov\u00e9 v\u011btve pouze pro ty p\u0159\u00edpady a v t\u011bch IS, kde m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam porost na obli\u010deji. Ale proto\u017ee pravidla nebyla dodr\u017eena, budete muset analyzovat cel\u00fd k\u00f3d ve v\u0161ech obrys\u00edch, kde se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hodnoty referen\u010dn\u00edho typu klient\u016f, a jednozna\u010dn\u011b ur\u010dit, \u017ee v jednom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by m\u011bl algoritmus br\u00e1t v \u00favahu profesn\u00ed \u010dinnost klienta, a v jin\u00e9m fyzick\u00e9 vlastnosti. <\/p>\n<p>V podob\u011b, kter\u00e1 <b><i>se sna\u017e\u00ed <\/i><\/b>o normalizaci, bychom z\u00edskali dv\u011b tabulky s opera\u010dn\u00edmi daty a dva rejst\u0159\u00edky:<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/qn\/pq\/g4\/qnpqg4idbhbsqejhnryzfuilhhy.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Denormalizace datab\u00e1z\u00ed ERP syst\u00e9m\u016f a jej\u00ed vliv na v\u00fdvoj softwaru: otev\u00edr\u00e1me tavernu na Tortuze\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/eea87da839171e8a3a42db0618972124.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v\u00fdsledek rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed ve form\u011b sady stanoven\u00fdch znak\u016f,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>ID rozpoznan\u00e9ho objektu<br \/>\nGreta na lev\u00e9 hrudi<br \/>\nPt\u00e1k na rameni<br \/>\nVlasov\u00fd porost na obli\u010deji<\/p>\n<p>100510<br \/>\n1<br \/>\n1<br \/>\n1<\/p>\n<p>100511<br \/>\n0<br \/>\n0<br \/>\n1<\/p>\n<p>100512<\/p>\n<p>1<br \/>\n0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v\u00fdsledek ur\u010den\u00ed typu klienta (nech\u0165 je to u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m jsou zobrazeny popisy z rejst\u0159\u00edk\u016f)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZnamen\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 denormalizace, \u017ee syst\u00e9my nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 upravit podle nov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek? Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee ne. Pokud si p\u0159edstav\u00edme, \u017ee v\u0161echny IS byly vytvo\u0159eny jedn\u00edm t\u00fdmem s nulovou fluktuac\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, v\u00fdvoj je dob\u0159e dokumentovan\u00fd a informace v t\u00fdmu jsou p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1ny bez ztr\u00e1t, pak mohou b\u00fdt po\u017eadovan\u00e9 zm\u011bny provedeny s nepatrn\u00fdmi n\u00e1klady na \u00fasil\u00ed. Ale pokud se vr\u00e1t\u00edme k v\u00fdchoz\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m \u00fakolu, pouze na tisk protokol\u016f spole\u010dn\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed se ut\u0159e 1,5 kl\u00e1vesnic a je\u0161t\u011b 0,5 na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1kupn\u00edch procedur.<\/p>\n<p>V uveden\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edkladu jsou poru\u0161eny v\u0161echny t\u0159i norm\u00e1ln\u00ed formy, zkusme je poru\u0161it jednotliv\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><b>Poru\u0161en\u00ed prvn\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed formy:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee zbo\u017e\u00ed je na v\u00e1\u0161 sklad dod\u00e1v\u00e1no z dodavatelsk\u00fdch sklad\u016f vyzvednut\u00edm pomoc\u00ed jedn\u00e9 1,5tunov\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky, kter\u00e1 pat\u0159\u00ed va\u0161\u00ed tavern\u011b. Velikost va\u0161ich objedn\u00e1vek je tak mal\u00e1 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s objemy dodavatel\u016f, \u017ee se v\u017edy vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b bez \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na v\u00fdrobu. Jsou v takov\u00e9m obchodn\u00edm procesu pot\u0159eba samostatn\u00e9 tabulky: vozidla, typy vozidel, je nutn\u00e9 rozli\u0161ovat pl\u00e1n a skute\u010dnost ve va\u0161ich objedn\u00e1vk\u00e1ch odeslan\u00fdch dodavatel\u016fm?<\/p>\n<p>Jen si p\u0159edstavte, kolik \"zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch\" spojen\u00ed bude muset napsat v\u00e1\u0161 program\u00e1tor, pokud pro v\u00fdvoj programu pou\u017eije n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fd model.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habrastorage.org\/webt\/bz\/js\/gf\/bzjsgfs0fephwjwqx8xdvunrgva.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Denormalizace datab\u00e1z\u00ed ERP syst\u00e9m\u016f a jej\u00ed vliv na v\u00fdvoj softwaru: otev\u00edr\u00e1me tavernu na Tortuze\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/7309871d1ecc5c1ceb4f077ea4afebff.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee jsme se rozhodli, \u017ee navr\u017een\u00e1 struktura je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 slo\u017eit\u00e1, pro na\u0161i situaci je rozd\u011blen\u00ed pl\u00e1nu a skute\u010dnosti v z\u00e1pise objedn\u00e1vky p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9 a sestaven\u00e1 specifikace objedn\u00e1vky se p\u0159episuje na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdsledk\u016f p\u0159evzet\u00ed doru\u010den\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed, vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 nesrovnalosti a dod\u00e1n\u00ed nekvalitn\u00edho zbo\u017e\u00ed se vy\u0159izuj\u00ed mimo informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<br \/>\nA jednou vid\u00edte, jak je cel\u00fd s\u00e1l taverny zapln\u011bn rozho\u0159\u010den\u00fdmi a neu\u010desan\u00fdmi pir\u00e1ty. Co se stalo? <\/p>\n<p>Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee spolu s r\u016fstem va\u0161eho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed rostla i spot\u0159eba. Kdysi bylo p\u0159ijato mana\u017eersk\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed, \u017ee pokud byla dod\u00e1vka p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e1 objemem a\/nebo hmotnost\u00ed, co\u017e se st\u00e1valo velmi z\u0159\u00eddka, dodavatel up\u0159ednostnil nakl\u00e1dku ve prosp\u011bch n\u00e1poj\u016f. <\/p>\n<p>Nedodan\u00fd zbo\u017e\u00ed se dostalo do dal\u0161\u00ed objedn\u00e1vky a ode\u0161lo p\u0159i nov\u00e9m v\u00fdjezdu, p\u0159\u00edtomnost minim\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u016fstatku na skladu u taverny umo\u017enila nev\u0161imnout si vynechan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edstavu zanikl posledn\u00ed konkurent a vynechan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00ed dod\u00e1vky, kter\u00fd byl zaslepen prioritizac\u00ed zalo\u017eenou na p\u0159edpokladu dostate\u010dnosti minim\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u016fstatku a ob\u010dasn\u00e9ho nedon\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vozidla, se stal b\u011b\u017enou prax\u00ed. Vytvo\u0159en\u00fd syst\u00e9m bude dokonale fungovat podle zakotven\u00fdch algoritm\u016f a bude zcela zbaven mo\u017enosti sledovat systematick\u00e9 nepln\u011bn\u00ed pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch objedn\u00e1vek. Pouze po\u0161kozen\u00e1 pov\u011bst a nespokojen\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edci mohou odhalit probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p>Pozorn\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 si jist\u011b v\u0161iml, \u017ee objednan\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ve specifikaci objedn\u00e1vky (T_ORDER_SPEC) v odd\u00edle 2 a v odd\u00edle 5 m\u016f\u017ee vyhovovat nebo nemus\u00ed vyhovovat po\u017eadavku prvn\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed formy. V\u0161e z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, zda mohou do stejn\u00e9ho pole spadat r\u016fzn\u00e9 jednotky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed podle vybran\u00e9ho sortimentu zbo\u017e\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p><b>Naru\u0161en\u00ed druh\u00e9 norm\u00e1ln\u00ed formy:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>S rostouc\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami si po\u0159izujete je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik dopravn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch velikost\u00ed. V uveden\u00e9m kontextu bylo vytvo\u0159en\u00ed katalogu dopravn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nadbyte\u010dn\u00e9, a proto v\u0161echny algoritmy pr\u00e1ce s daty, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed pot\u0159eb\u00e1m dopravy a skladu, vn\u00edmaj\u00ed pohyb zbo\u017e\u00ed od dodavatele na sklad jako p\u0159epravu v\u00fdhradn\u011b 1,5tunov\u00e9ho dod\u00e1vkov\u00e9ho vozidla. Tak\u017ee spolu s n\u00e1kupem nov\u00fdch dopravn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f skute\u010dn\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edte katalog dopravn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, ale p\u0159i \u00faprav\u011b budete muset analyzovat cel\u00fd k\u00f3d, kter\u00fd se odkazuje na pohyb zbo\u017e\u00ed, abyste zjistili, zda v ka\u017ed\u00e9m konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b odkazujete na vlastnosti toho automobilu, se kter\u00fdm podnik\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010dalo.<\/p>\n<p><b>Naru\u0161en\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed formy:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>V ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku za\u010dnete vytv\u00e1\u0159et program loajality, objevuje se z\u00e1znam st\u00e1l\u00e9ho klienta. Pro\u010d nap\u0159\u00edklad ztr\u00e1cet \u010das na vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed materi\u00e1ln\u00edch reprezentac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed agregovan\u00e9 \u00fadaje o prodeji jednotliv\u00e9mu klientovi pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed v reportingu a p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed do analytick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, pokud na startu programu loajality v\u0161e, co z\u00e1kazn\u00edk zaj\u00edm\u00e1, lze um\u00edstit do z\u00e1znamu samotn\u00e9ho klienta? A vskutku, na prvn\u00ed pohled to smysl ned\u00e1v\u00e1. Ale poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e va\u0161e podnik\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ipoj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad nov\u00e9 prodejn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly, mezi va\u0161imi analytiky by m\u011bl b\u00fdt n\u011bkdo, kdo si vzpomene, \u017ee existuje takov\u00fd agregovan\u00fd atribut. <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho nov\u00e9ho procesu, dejme tomu prodeje p\u0159es internet, prodeje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm distributor\u016f p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch ke spole\u010dn\u00e9mu loajalitn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu, by si n\u011bkdo m\u011bl pamatovat, \u017ee v\u0161echny nov\u00e9 procesy mus\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165ovat integritu dat na \u00farovni k\u00f3du. Pro pr\u016fmyslovou datab\u00e1zi s tis\u00edci tabulkami se toto jev\u00ed jako m\u00e1lo realizovateln\u00fd \u00fakol.<\/p>\n<p>Zku\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u00ed, jak eliminovat v\u0161echny zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, ale podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru \u00fakolem zku\u0161en\u00e9ho analytika je k nim nedovolit doj\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>Cht\u011bl bych pod\u011bkovat za cennou zp\u011btnou vazbu p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b publikace hlavn\u00edmu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i Jevgeniji Jaru\u0161inovi.<\/p>\n<h2>Literatura<\/h2>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/en\/post\/254773\/\">https:\/\/habr.com\/en\/post\/254773\/<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nConnolly Thomas, Begg Caroline. Datab\u00e1ze. N\u00e1vrh, implementace a \u00fadr\u017eba. Teorie a praxe.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/sportmaster_lab\/blog\/497550\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! \u041c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0432 \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u044f \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 ERP-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c. \u041c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u2014 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430-\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b \u0443 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":78199,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! 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