{"id":80532,"date":"2020-05-07T01:42:17","date_gmt":"2020-05-06T23:42:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/problemy-s-dns-v-kubernetes-publichnyj-postmortem"},"modified":"2020-05-07T01:42:17","modified_gmt":"2020-05-06T23:42:17","slug":"problemy-s-dns-v-kubernetes-publichnyj-postmortem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/problemy-s-dns-v-kubernetes-publichnyj-postmortem","title":{"rendered":"Probl\u00e9my s DNS v Kubernetes. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 postmortem","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><b>P\u0159evod:<\/b> toto je p\u0159eklad ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho postmortemu z in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9ho blogu spole\u010dnosti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/preply.com\/\">Preply<\/a><\/noindex>. V n\u011bm se popisuje probl\u00e9m s conntrack v Kubernetes clusteru, kter\u00fd vedl k \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 nedostupnosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch produk\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se cht\u011bj\u00ed dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o postmortemech nebo cht\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159edej\u00edt n\u011bkter\u00fdm potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm s DNS v budoucnosti.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Probl\u00e9my s DNS v Kubernetes. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 postmortem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/0e841b0231f11171d52d82030cd1df21.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>To nen\u00ed DNS<br \/>\nNem\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt DNS<br \/>\nTo byl DNS<\/i><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>N\u011bco o postmortemech a procesech v Preply<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>V postmortemu se popisuje selh\u00e1n\u00ed nebo n\u011bjak\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost v produkci. Postmortem zahrnuje chronologii ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, popis dopadu na u\u017eivatele, prvotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu, akce a pou\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/shop.oreilly.com\/product\/0636920063964.do\">Hled\u00e1n\u00ed SRE<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nNa t\u00fddenn\u00edch sch\u016fzk\u00e1ch s pizzou, v r\u00e1mci technick\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu, sd\u00edl\u00edme r\u016fzn\u00e9 informace. Jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bchto sch\u016fzek jsou postmortemy, kter\u00e9 jsou \u010dasto doprov\u00e1zeny prezentac\u00ed se slajdy a hlub\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzou prob\u011bhl\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti. I kdy\u017e po postmortemech nem\u00e1me 'potlesk', sna\u017e\u00edme se rozv\u00edjet kulturu 'bez obvi\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed' (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/codeascraft.com\/2012\/05\/22\/blameless-postmortems\/\">blameless culture<\/a><\/noindex>). V\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee psan\u00ed a prezentace postmortem\u016f n\u00e1m (a nejen n\u00e1m) m\u016f\u017ee pomoci v prevenci podobn\u00fdch incident\u016f v budoucnosti, a proto je sd\u00edl\u00edme.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Osoby zapojen\u00e9 do incidentu by m\u011bly c\u00edtit, \u017ee mohou podrobn\u011b vypr\u00e1v\u011bt o n\u011bm, ani\u017e by se ob\u00e1valy trestu nebo odplaty. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 pok\u00e1r\u00e1n\u00ed! Psan\u00ed postmortemu nen\u00ed trest, ale p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k u\u010den\u00ed pro celou spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n<p><i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/devblog.axway.com\/dev-insights\/keep-calms-devops-s-sharing\/\">Keep CALMS &amp; DevOps: S je pro sd\u00edlen\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Probl\u00e9my s DNS v Kubernetes. Postmortem<\/h2>\n<p>\n<b>Datum:<\/b> 28.02.2020<\/p>\n<p><b>Auto\u0159i:<\/b> Amet U., Andrej S., Igor K., Alexej P.<\/p>\n<p><b>Stav:<\/b> Dokon\u010deno<\/p>\n<p><b>Stru\u010dn\u011b:<\/b> \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e1 nedostupnost DNS (26 min) pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 slu\u017eby v Kubernetes clusteru<\/p>\n<p><b>Dopad:<\/b> 15000 ud\u00e1lost\u00ed ztraceno pro slu\u017eby A, B a C<\/p>\n<p><b>Prvotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina:<\/b> Kube-proxy nedok\u00e1zal spr\u00e1vn\u011b odstranit star\u00fd z\u00e1znam z tabulky conntrack, tak\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 slu\u017eby se st\u00e1le pokou\u0161ely spojit s neexistuj\u00edc\u00edmi pody<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">E0228 20:13:53.795782       1 proxier.go:610] Failed to delete kube-system\/kube-dns:dns endpoint connections, error: error deleting conntrack entries for UDP peer {100.64.0.10, 100.110.33.231}, error: conntrack command returned: ...<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b>Spou\u0161t\u011b\u010d:<\/b> V d\u016fsledku n\u00edzk\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee uvnit\u0159 Kubernetes clusteru, CoreDNS-autoscaler sn\u00ed\u017eil po\u010det pod\u016f v nasazen\u00ed z t\u0159\u00ed na dv\u011b<\/p>\n<p><b>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed:<\/b> Dal\u0161\u00ed nasazen\u00ed aplikace vyvolalo vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00fdch uzl\u016f, CoreDNS-autoscaler p\u0159idal v\u00edce pod\u016f pro obsluhu klastra, co\u017e vedlo k p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed tabulky conntrack.<\/p>\n<p><b>Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed:<\/b> Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed Prometheus zjistilo velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed chyb 5xx pro slu\u017eby A, B a C a vyvolalo telefon\u00e1t pohotovostn\u00edm in\u017een\u00fdr\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Probl\u00e9my s DNS v Kubernetes. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 postmortem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/14a2216ce7564f05c6dc3e7cb1c3dbb0.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Chyby 5xx v Kibana.<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>Akce<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u010cinnost<br \/>\nTyp<br \/>\nOdpov\u011bdn\u00fd<br \/>\n\u00dakol<\/p>\n<p>Vypnout autoskaler pro CoreDNS.<br \/>\nprevence.<br \/>\nAmet U.<br \/>\nDEVOPS-695<\/p>\n<p>Nastavit cachuj\u00edc\u00ed DNS server.<br \/>\nsn\u00ed\u017eit.<br \/>\nMax V.<br \/>\nDEVOPS-665<\/p>\n<p>Nastavit monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed conntrack.<br \/>\nprevence.<br \/>\nAmet U.<br \/>\nDEVOPS-674<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00edskan\u00e9 lekce<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Co \u0161lo dob\u0159e:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed fungovalo p\u0159esn\u011b. Reakce byla rychl\u00e1 a organizovan\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li>Nep\u0159ekro\u010dili jsme \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 limity na uzlech.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Co bylo \u0161patn\u011b:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Skute\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina st\u00e1le nen\u00ed zn\u00e1ma, vypad\u00e1 to na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/kubernetes\/issues\/66651\">specifickou chybu.<\/a><\/noindex> v conntrack.<\/li>\n<li>V\u0161echny akce opravuj\u00ed pouze n\u00e1sledky, nikoli p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu (chybu).<\/li>\n<li>V\u011bd\u011bli jsme, \u017ee d\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji budeme m\u00edt probl\u00e9my s DNS, ale \u00fakoly jsme nep\u0159ipravili jako prioritu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Kde jsme m\u011bli \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dal\u0161\u00ed nasazen\u00ed spustilo CoreDNS-autoscaler, kter\u00fd p\u0159epsal tabulku conntrack.<\/li>\n<li>Tato chyba zas\u00e1hla pouze \u010d\u00e1st slu\u017eeb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Chronologie (EET)<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u010cas<br \/>\n\u010cinnost<\/p>\n<p>22:13<br \/>\nCoreDNS-autoscaler sn\u00ed\u017eil po\u010det pod\u016f ze t\u0159\u00ed na dva.<\/p>\n<p>22:18<br \/>\nPohotovostn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i za\u010dali dost\u00e1vat telefon\u00e1ty od monitorovac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>22:21<br \/>\nPohotovostn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i za\u010dali zji\u0161\u0165ovat p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu chyb.<\/p>\n<p>22:39<br \/>\nPohotovostn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i za\u010dali vracet jednu z posledn\u00edch verz\u00ed slu\u017eeb na p\u0159edchoz\u00ed verzi.<\/p>\n<p>22:40<br \/>\nChyby 5xx p\u0159estaly objevovat, situace se stabilizovala.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u010cas do zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed:<\/b> 4 min<\/li>\n<li><b>\u010cas do proveden\u00ed akc\u00ed:<\/b> 21 min<\/li>\n<li><b>\u010cas do opravy:<\/b> 1 min<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Dal\u0161\u00ed informace<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Logy CoreDNS:\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">I0228 20:13:53.507780       1 event.go:221] Ud\u00e1lost(v1.ObjectReference{Druh:&quot;Deployment&quot;, Namespace:&quot;kube-system&quot;, N\u00e1zev:&quot;coredns&quot;, UID:&quot;2493eb55-3dc0-11ea-b3a2-02bb48f8c230&quot;, APIVersion:&quot;apps\/v1&quot;, ResourceVersion:&quot;132690686&quot;, FieldPath:&quot;&quot;}): typ: 'Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed' d\u016fvod: 'ScalingReplicaSet' Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd po\u010det replik coredns-6cbb6646c9 na 2<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>Odkazy na Kibana (v\u00fd\u0159ez), Grafana (v\u00fd\u0159ez).<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.projectcalico.org\/when-linux-conntrack-is-no-longer-your-friend\/\">Kde Linux conntrack u\u017e nen\u00ed va\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtelem.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/blog\/2019\/03\/29\/kube-proxy-subtleties-debugging-an-intermittent-connection-reset\/\">Z\u00e1drhele kube-proxy: lad\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u00e9ho obnoven\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.weave.works\/blog\/racy-conntrack-and-dns-lookup-timeouts\">Chybn\u00e9 conntrack a \u010dasov\u00e9 limity DNS vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAby se minimalizovalo vyu\u017eit\u00ed procesoru, j\u00e1dro Linuxu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u011bco jako conntrack. Pokud to shrneme, jedn\u00e1 se o n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd obsahuje seznam NAT z\u00e1znam\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny ve speci\u00e1ln\u00ed tabulce. Kdy\u017e n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed paket p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed ze stejn\u00e9ho podu do stejn\u00e9ho podu jako d\u0159\u00edve, c\u00edlov\u00e1 IP adresa nebude znovu vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na, ale bude p\u0159evezena z tabulky conntrack.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Probl\u00e9my s DNS v Kubernetes. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 postmortem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/895db4057ee0912e16e017c6e3134162.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Jak funguje conntrack.<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011bry<\/h2>\n<p>\nToto byl p\u0159\u00edklad jednoho z na\u0161ich postmortem\u016f s n\u011bkolika u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdmi odkazy. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sd\u00edl\u00edme informace, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 i jin\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem. Proto se neboj\u00edme d\u011blat chyby a proto jsme jeden z na\u0161ich postmortem\u016f ud\u011blali ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm. Zde je n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch postmortem\u016f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>GitLab: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/about.gitlab.com\/blog\/2017\/02\/10\/postmortem-of-database-outage-of-january-31\/\">Postmortem v\u00fdpadku datab\u00e1ze z 31. ledna<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li>Dropbox: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/dropbox.tech\/infrastructure\/outage-post-mortem\">Postmortem v\u00fdpadku<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li>Spotify: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/labs.spotify.com\/2017\/03\/31\/spotifys-lovehate-relationship-with-dns\/\">L\u00e1ska\/nen\u00e1vist Spotify k DNS<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li>Mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch z <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/cheapRoc\/d9e73fe05480330c1e36410cbdf0e867\">tohoto gistu<\/a><\/noindex> a repozit\u00e1\u0159e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/hjacobs\/kubernetes-failure-stories\">P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy selh\u00e1n\u00ed Kubernetes<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li>Tak\u00e9 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/landing.google.com\/sre\/sre-book\/chapters\/postmortem\/\">p\u0159\u00edklad<\/a><\/noindex> ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho postmortemu se SRE knihou<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/500346\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c. \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432.: \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Preply. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441 conntrack \u0432 Kubernetes-\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044e \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0448\u043d\u0430. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 DNS \u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 DNS \u041d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":80533,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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