{"id":82266,"date":"2020-05-20T19:42:07","date_gmt":"2020-05-20T17:42:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/udalyonno-ekspluatiruemaya-uyazvimost-v-pochtovom-servere-qmail"},"modified":"2020-05-20T19:42:07","modified_gmt":"2020-05-20T17:42:07","slug":"udalyonno-ekspluatiruemaya-uyazvimost-v-pochtovom-servere-qmail","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/udalyonno-ekspluatiruemaya-uyazvimost-v-pochtovom-servere-qmail","title":{"rendered":"Vzd\u00e1len\u011b zneu\u017eiteln\u00e1 zranitelnost v po\u0161tovn\u00edm serveru qmail","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci ze spole\u010dnosti Qualys <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openwall.com\/lists\/oss-security\/2020\/05\/19\/8\">jsme uk\u00e1zali<\/a><\/noindex> mo\u017enost <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qualys.com\/2020\/05\/19\/cve-2005-1513\/remote-code-execution-qmail.txt\">provozov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> zranitelnosti v po\u0161tovn\u00edm serveru qmail, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=5442\">zn\u00e1m\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> ji\u017e od roku 2005 (CVE-2005-1513), ale z\u016fst\u00e1vala neopraven\u00e1, proto\u017ee autor qmail tvrdil, \u017ee vytvo\u0159en\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00edho exploitatu, kter\u00fd by mohl b\u00fdt pou\u017eit pro \u00fatoky na syst\u00e9my s v\u00fdchoz\u00ed konfigurac\u00ed, je nerealistick\u00e9. V Qualys se poda\u0159ilo p\u0159ipravit exploit, kter\u00fd toto tvrzen\u00ed vyvrac\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uje za\u010d\u00edt vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed k\u00f3du na serveru prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zasl\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u011b upraven\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9m je zp\u016fsoben cel\u00fdm p\u0159ete\u010den\u00edm v funkci stralloc_readyplus(), kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee nastat p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed velmi velk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy. K pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed zranitelnosti byla vy\u017eadov\u00e1na 64bitov\u00e1 architektura se size pam\u011bti v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 4 GB. P\u0159i prvotn\u00edm rozboru zranitelnosti v roce 2005 Daniel Bernstein tvrdil, \u017ee p\u0159edpoklad v k\u00f3du, podle kter\u00e9ho velikost alokovan\u00e9ho pole v\u017edy spad\u00e1 do 32bitov\u00e9 hodnoty, vych\u00e1z\u00ed z toho, \u017ee nikdo neposkytuje gigabyty pam\u011bti ka\u017ed\u00e9mu procesu. B\u011bhem posledn\u00edch 15 let 64bitov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my na serverech vytla\u010dily 32bitov\u00e9, dod\u00e1van\u00e9 objemy pam\u011bti dramaticky vzrostly a \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka p\u00e1sma s\u00edt\u00ed se zv\u00fd\u0161ila. <\/p>\n<p>Doprovodn\u00e9 bal\u00ed\u010dky qmail zohlednily pozn\u00e1mku Bernsteina a p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed procesu qmail-smtpd omezily dostupnou pam\u011b\u0165 (nap\u0159\u00edklad v Debianu 10 je limit nastaven na 7 MB). Ale in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i ze spole\u010dnosti Qualys zjistili, \u017ee to nesta\u010d\u00ed, a krom\u011b qmail-smtpd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vzd\u00e1len\u00fd \u00fatok proveden na proces qmail-local, kter\u00fd ve v\u0161ech zkontrolovan\u00fdch bal\u00edc\u00edch z\u016fstal neomezen. Jako d\u016fkaz byl p\u0159ipraven prototyp exploit, vhodn\u00fd k \u00fatoku na bal\u00edk qmail dod\u00e1van\u00fd s Debianem v v\u00fdchoz\u00ed konfiguraci.<br \/>\nPro realizaci vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed k\u00f3du b\u011bhem \u00fatoku je na serveru pot\u0159eba m\u00edt 4 GB voln\u00e9ho m\u00edsta na disku a 8 GB RAM.<br \/>\nExploit umo\u017e\u0148uje spustit libovoln\u00e9 shell p\u0159\u00edkazy s pr\u00e1vy jak\u00e9hokoli u\u017eivatele v syst\u00e9mu, krom\u011b root a syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed sv\u016fj podadres\u00e1\u0159 v adres\u00e1\u0159i \"\/home\" (proces qmail-local se spou\u0161t\u00ed s pr\u00e1vy lok\u00e1ln\u00edho u\u017eivatele, kter\u00e9mu je doru\u010dov\u00e1no).<\/p>\n<p>\u00datok se prov\u00e1d\u00ed<br \/>\np\u0159es odesl\u00e1n\u00ed velmi velk\u00e9 e-mailov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e1 obsahuje n\u011bkolik \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f v z\u00e1hlav\u00ed, o velikosti p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4GB a 576MB. Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku v qmail-local vede k p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed cel\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla p\u0159i pokusu o doru\u010den\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy lok\u00e1ln\u00edmu u\u017eivateli. P\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed cel\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla n\u00e1sledn\u011b zp\u016fsobuje p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1sobn\u00edku p\u0159i kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed dat a mo\u017enost p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed str\u00e1nek pam\u011bti s k\u00f3dem libc. Pomoc\u00ed manipulace s uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch dat je mo\u017en\u00e9 tak\u00e9 p\u0159epsat adresu funkce \"open()\" a nahradit ji adresou funkce \"system()\". <\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1le, v procesu vol\u00e1n\u00ed qmesearch() v qmail-local doch\u00e1z\u00ed k otev\u0159en\u00ed souboru \".qmail-extension\" p\u0159es funkci open(), co\u017e vede k faktick\u00e9mu spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed funkce<br \/>\nsystem(\".qmail-extension\"). Ale proto\u017ee \u010d\u00e1st souboru \"extension\" se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b adresy p\u0159\u00edjemce (nap\u0159\u00edklad \"localuser-extension@localdomain\"), mohou \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci organizovat p\u0159enos p\u0159\u00edkazu k proveden\u00ed, kdy\u017e uvedou u\u017eivatele \"localuser-;command;@localdomain\" jako p\u0159\u00edjemce zpr\u00e1vy. <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i anal\u00fdze k\u00f3du byly tak\u00e9 odhaleny dv\u011b zranitelnosti v dodate\u010dn\u00e9m patchi qmail-verify, kter\u00fd je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dku pro Debian. Prvn\u00ed zranitelnost (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/security-tracker.debian.org\/tracker\/CVE-2020-3811\">CVE-2020-3811<\/a><\/noindex>) umo\u017e\u0148uje obej\u00edt ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed e-mailov\u00e9 adresy, a druh\u00e1 (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/security-tracker.debian.org\/tracker\/CVE-2020-3812\">CVE-2020-3812<\/a><\/noindex>) vede k \u00faniku lok\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b, prvn\u00ed zranitelnost umo\u017e\u0148uje obej\u00edt kontrolu platnosti adresy, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v exploitu pro p\u0159enos p\u0159\u00edkazu (kontrola nefunguje pro adresy bez dom\u00e9ny, jako je \"localuser-;command;\"). Druh\u00e1 zranitelnost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita k ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed existence soubor\u016f a adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f v syst\u00e9mu, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 jsou dostupn\u00e9 pouze pro root (qmail-verify se spou\u0161t\u00ed s pr\u00e1vy root), prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k lok\u00e1ln\u00edmu zpracovateli.<\/p>\n<p>Aby se vy\u0159e\u0161il probl\u00e9m, doporu\u010dil Bernstein spou\u0161t\u011bt procesy qmail s nastaven\u00edm spole\u010dn\u00e9ho limitu na dostupnou pam\u011b\u0165 (&#171;softlimit -m12345678&#187;), \u010d\u00edm\u017e je probl\u00e9m zablokov\u00e1n. Jako alternativn\u00ed zp\u016fsob ochrany se tak\u00e9 zmi\u0148uje omezen\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikosti zpracov\u00e1van\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm souboru &#171;control\/databytes&#187; (ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed se p\u0159i standardn\u00ed konfiguraci qmail nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, co\u017e jej \u010din\u00ed zraniteln\u00fdm). D\u00e1le &#171;control\/databytes&#187; nechr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed m\u00edstn\u00edmi \u00fatoky ze strany u\u017eivatel\u016f syst\u00e9mu, proto\u017ee omezen\u00ed se zohled\u0148uje pouze v qmail-smtpd.<\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9m se t\u00fdk\u00e1 bal\u00ed\u010dku <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/security-tracker.debian.org\/tracker\/source-package\/netqmail\">netqmail<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00fd je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed repozit\u00e1\u0159\u016f Debian. Pro tento bal\u00ed\u010dek byl p\u0159ipraven soubor patch\u016f, kter\u00fd odstra\u0148uje jak star\u00e9 zranitelnosti z roku 2005 (p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm pevn\u00fdch limit\u016f na pam\u011b\u0165 do funkce alloc()), tak nov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my v qmail-verify. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/free.acrconsulting.co.uk\/email\/qmail-verify.html\">p\u0159ipraven<\/a><\/noindex> aktualizovan\u00e1 verze patchu qmail-verify. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51326\">forku<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/notqmail.org\/\">notqmail<\/a><\/noindex> p\u0159ipravili sv\u00e9 patche pro blokaci star\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f a zah\u00e1jili pr\u00e1ci na odstran\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech mo\u017en\u00fdch celo\u010d\u00edseln\u00fdch p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed v k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52991\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Qualys \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 qmail, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0441 2005 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 (CVE-2005-1513), \u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 qmail \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043e \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0412 Qualys \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-82266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Qualys \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta 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