{"id":83016,"date":"2020-05-27T19:41:58","date_gmt":"2020-05-27T17:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket"},"modified":"2020-05-27T19:41:58","modified_gmt":"2020-05-27T17:41:58","slug":"25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket","title":{"rendered":"25 zranitelnost\u00ed v RTOS Zephyr, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 jsou zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ICMP paket\u016f","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci ze spole\u010dnosti NCC Group publikovali<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00fdsledky auditu otev\u0159en\u00e9ho projektu Zephyr<\/a><\/noindex>, rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edho<\/a><\/noindex> opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho \u010dasu (RTOS), zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na vybaven\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed konceptu \u201eInternetu v\u011bc\u00ed\u201c (IoT, Internet of Things). B\u011bhem auditu byly odhaleny 25 zranitelnost\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> v Zephyr a 1 zranitelnost v MCUboot. V\u00fdvoj Zephyr prob\u00edh\u00e1 za \u00fa\u010dasti spole\u010dnost\u00ed Intel. <\/p>\n

Celkem bylo odhaleno 6 zranitelnost\u00ed v s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9m z\u00e1sobn\u00edku, 4 \u2014 v j\u00e1d\u0159e, 2 \u2014 v p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1dku, 5 v zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed, 5 v subsyst\u00e9mu USB a 3 v mechanismu aktualizace firmwaru. Dvou probl\u00e9m\u016fm byla p\u0159i\u0159azena kritick\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, dv\u011bma \u2014 vysok\u00e1, 9 st\u0159edn\u00ed, 9 \u2014 n\u00edzk\u00e1 a 4 \u2014 ke zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed. Kritick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed IPv4 z\u00e1sobn\u00edku a parseru MQTT, nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u2014 ovlada\u010de USB mass storage a USB DFU. V dob\u011b zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed byly opravy p\u0159ipraveny pouze pro 15 nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zranitelnost\u00ed, neopraven\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed probl\u00e9my vedouc\u00ed k odm\u00edtnut\u00ed slu\u017eby nebo spojen\u00e9 s nedostatky v mechanismu dodate\u010dn\u00e9 ochrany j\u00e1dra.<\/p>\n

Ve z\u00e1sobn\u00edku IPv4 platformy byla odhalena vzd\u00e1len\u011b exploitovateln\u00e1 zranitelnost, kter\u00e1 vede k po\u0161kozen\u00ed pam\u011bti p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem modifikovan\u00fdch ICMP paket\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m byl nalezen v parseru protokolu MQTT, kter\u00fd je zp\u016fsoben nedostate\u010dnou kontrolou d\u00e9lky pol\u00ed v hlavi\u010dce a m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k vzd\u00e1len\u00e9mu spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed k\u00f3du. M\u00e9n\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 vedou k odm\u00edtnut\u00ed slu\u017eby, byly nalezeny v z\u00e1sobn\u00edku IPv6 a v implementaci protokolu CoAP.<\/p>\n

Ostatn\u00ed probl\u00e9my mohou b\u00fdt zneu\u017eity lok\u00e1ln\u011b k vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed odm\u00edtnut\u00ed slu\u017eby nebo k proveden\u00ed k\u00f3du na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra. V\u011bt\u0161ina z t\u011bchto zranitelnost\u00ed je spojena s nedostate\u010dn\u00fdmi kontrolami argument\u016f syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k z\u00e1pisu a \u010dten\u00ed libovoln\u00fdch oblast\u00ed pam\u011bti j\u00e1dra. Probl\u00e9my se dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed i samotn\u00e9ho k\u00f3du zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed \u2014 pokus o p\u0159\u00edstup s negativn\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed vede k p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed cel\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla. V j\u00e1d\u0159e byly tak\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bny probl\u00e9my v implementaci ochrany ASLR (n\u00e1hodn\u00e1 lokalizace adresn\u00edho prostoru) a mechanismu nastavov\u00e1n\u00ed kan\u00e1rkov\u00fdch zna\u010dek na z\u00e1sobn\u00edku, kter\u00e9 \u010din\u00ed tyto mechanismy neefektivn\u00edmi. <\/p>\n

Mnoho probl\u00e9m\u016f se t\u00fdk\u00e1 USB stacku a jednotliv\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad probl\u00e9m v USB mass storage umo\u017e\u0148uje zp\u016fsobit p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1sobn\u00edku a vykonat k\u00f3d na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra p\u0159i p\u0159ipojen\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed k USB hostu, kter\u00fd je pod kontrolou \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka. Zranitelnost v USB DFU, ovlada\u010di pro nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho firmwaru p\u0159es USB, umo\u017e\u0148uje nahr\u00e1t modifikovan\u00fd obraz firmwaru do vnit\u0159n\u00ed Flash mikrocontrolleru bez pou\u017eit\u00ed \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a obej\u00edt re\u017eim zabezpe\u010den\u00e9ho zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed s kontrolou komponent\u016f pomoc\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edho podpisu. D\u00e1le byl zkoum\u00e1n k\u00f3d otev\u0159en\u00e9ho zav\u00e1d\u011b\u010de. MCUboot<\/a><\/noindex>, ve kter\u00e9m byla nalezena jedna nez\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 zranitelnost,
\nkter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1sobn\u00edku p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed protokolu SMP (Simple Management Protocol) p\u0159es UART.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me, \u017ee v Zephyru maj\u00ed v\u0161echny procesy k dispozici pouze jednu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed sd\u00edlenou virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed adresn\u00ed prostor (SASOS, Single Address Space Operating System). Specifick\u00fd pro aplikace k\u00f3d se kombinuje s j\u00e1drem p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00fdm pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed monolitick\u00fd spustiteln\u00fd soubor pro nahr\u00e1n\u00ed a spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm hardwaru. V\u0161echny syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 zdroje jsou definov\u00e1ny b\u011bhem kompilace, co\u017e zmen\u0161uje velikost k\u00f3du a zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdkon. Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho obrazu mohou b\u00fdt zahrnuty pouze ty mo\u017enosti j\u00e1dra, kter\u00e9 jsou pot\u0159eba k proveden\u00ed aplikace.<\/p>\n

Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee mezi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodami Zephyru se uv\u00e1d\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00fdvoj s ohledem na bezpe\u010dnost. Tvrd\u00ed se<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee v\u0161echny f\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje proch\u00e1zej\u00ed povinn\u00fdmi f\u00e1zemi potvrzen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti k\u00f3du: fuzzing testing, statick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza, zkou\u0161ky zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, revize k\u00f3du, anal\u00fdza implantace backdoor\u016f a modelov\u00e1n\u00ed hrozeb.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 NCC Group \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Zephyr, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 (RTOS), \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 «\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439» (IoT, Internet of Things). \u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 25 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 Zephyr \u0438 1 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 MCUboot. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 Zephyr \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 Intel. \u0412 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 6 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-83016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd4725 zranitelnost\u00ed v RTOS Zephyr, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 jsou exploitovateln\u00e9 p\u0159es ICMP pakety | ProHoster","description":"V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z firmy NCC Group zve\u0159ejnili v\u00fdsledky 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\u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-05-27T17:41:58+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-05-27T17:41:58+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"83016","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 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