{"id":85173,"date":"2020-06-14T01:42:30","date_gmt":"2020-06-13T23:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-avito-vyyavlyaet-moshennikov-i-boretsya-s-frodom"},"modified":"2020-06-14T01:42:30","modified_gmt":"2020-06-13T23:42:30","slug":"kak-avito-vyyavlyaet-moshennikov-i-boretsya-s-frodom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-avito-vyyavlyaet-moshennikov-i-boretsya-s-frodom","title":{"rendered":"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ahoj, Habr. Jsem Igor, vedouc\u00ed t\u00fdmu, kter\u00fd bojuje proti podvodn\u00edk\u016fm na Avitu. Dnes si promluv\u00edme o v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9m boji s podvodn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed, a n\u011bkdy i podv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed internetov\u00e9 nakupuj\u00edc\u00ed pomoc\u00ed doru\u010den\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/7072532aa9ea0d0f66358cad1e0820d9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Dlouho bojujeme proti podvodnictv\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u00ed podvodn\u00edci klamou lidi t\u00edm, \u017ee napodobuj\u00ed rozhran\u00ed a funkce online obchodn\u00edch platforem. Nap\u0159\u00edklad vym\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed sch\u00e9mata s doru\u010den\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed na tr\u017ei\u0161t\u00edch. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V lednu 2020 se na internetu objevily hotov\u00e9 instrukce pro podvodn\u00edky a v\u0161echny nezbytn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje. Pot\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed izolace p\u0159ilila olej do ohn\u011b: ti, kte\u0159\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve podv\u00e1d\u011bli a kradli na ulic\u00edch a v bytech, byli nuceni p\u0159ej\u00edt do online prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 i v\u00e1m v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b intenzivn\u011b volaj\u00ed, p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed v messengerech, SMS a e-mailech p\u0159\u00edmo ti podvodn\u00edci. P\u0159edstavuj\u00ed se jako zam\u011bstnanci bank a org\u00e1n\u016f \u010dinn\u00fdch v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, vzd\u00e1len\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed nebo not\u00e1\u0159i. Napi\u0161te do koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f, s jak\u00fdm typem podvodu jste se setkali naposledy. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"standartnye-shemy-moshennichestva\">Standardn\u00ed sch\u00e9mata podvod\u016f<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sch\u00e9ma podvodu s doru\u010den\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed vypad\u00e1 takto:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Podvodn\u00edk zve\u0159ejn\u00ed inzer\u00e1t s popul\u00e1rn\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00edm ve st\u0159edn\u00ed cenov\u00e9 kategorii. Nap\u0159\u00edklad s prodejem elektrick\u00e9ho kolob\u011b\u017eky \u2014 v l\u00e9t\u011b jsou velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Podvodn\u00edk jak\u00fdmikoliv zp\u016fsoby p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1kazn\u00edka k doru\u010den\u00ed. D\u016fvody mohou b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00e9: ode\u0161el jsem z m\u011bsta kv\u016fli pandemii nebo jsem zkr\u00e1tka p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zanepr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u00fd a nemohu se dostavit na setk\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Jakmile obdr\u017e\u00ed souhlas, podvodn\u00edk pos\u00edl\u00e1 fale\u0161n\u00fd odkaz k platb\u011b. Str\u00e1nka na odkazu vypad\u00e1 jako standardn\u00ed formul\u00e1\u0159 Avito.<\/li>\n<li>Ob\u011b\u0165 plat\u00ed za zbo\u017e\u00ed a lou\u010d\u00ed se s pen\u011bzi.<\/li>\n<li>Podvodn\u00edk se sna\u017e\u00ed vyd\u011blat v\u00edce pen\u011bz t\u00edm, \u017ee nab\u00edz\u00ed vr\u00e1tit platbu. Pos\u00edl\u00e1 kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu nov\u00fd formul\u00e1\u0159 pro vr\u00e1cen\u00ed pen\u011bz, ale ve skute\u010dnosti je strh\u00e1v\u00e1 znovu. Str\u00e1nka pro vr\u00e1cen\u00ed je stejn\u00e1 jako str\u00e1nka platby, ale text na tla\u010d\u00edtku se zm\u011bnil z 'zaplatit' na 'vr\u00e1tit'. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee je p\u0159\u00edklad podvodn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, kterou m\u016f\u017ee poslat podvodn\u00edk. Dom\u00e9na se maskuje jako Avito a samotn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka vypad\u00e1 jako str\u00e1nka pro dokon\u010den\u00ed objedn\u00e1vky v internetov\u00e9m obchod\u011b. Podvodn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed protokol https, tak\u017ee je nelze podle tohoto znaku rozli\u0161it. Po vypln\u011bn\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f se u\u017eivatel dostane na str\u00e1nku pro platbu objedn\u00e1vky, kde je mu nab\u00eddnuto zadat \u00fadaje o sv\u00e9 bankovn\u00ed kart\u011b. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/9a465eb363bf7618c19587f4bdf686bc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/29c623cda8e1e84962d4a8a80ad72f2e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Fale\u0161n\u00e9 platebn\u00ed str\u00e1nky za zbo\u017e\u00ed a vracen\u00ed pen\u011bz<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Blokujeme podez\u0159el\u00e9 prodejce. Proto mus\u00ed podvodn\u00edci, aby prov\u00e1d\u011bli podobn\u00e9 operace, neust\u00e1le vytv\u00e1\u0159et nov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty na Avito. Bu\u010f je registruj\u00ed sami pomoc\u00ed sms na do\u010dasn\u00e9 virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo, nebo kupuj\u00ed ukraden\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty. Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed SIM karta stoj\u00ed od 60 kopejek, ciz\u00ed \u00fa\u010det na darknetu \u2014 od 10 rubl\u016f. N\u00e1klady na oboj\u00ed jsou neporovnateln\u011b men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jednor\u00e1zov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem z podvodu na u\u017eivatel\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>To byl Avito Scam 1.0, ale u\u017e se objevily verze 2.0, 3.0 a dokonce 4.0. To nejsou na\u0161e ozna\u010den\u00ed \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed je sami podvodn\u00edci. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Podv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed nejen kupuj\u00edc\u00ed, ale i prodejce. Druh\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma vypad\u00e1 takto: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kupuj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fadajn\u011b poslal pen\u00edze prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 transakce. <\/li>\n<li>Pos\u00edl\u00e1 prodejci fale\u0161n\u00fd odkaz, kde m\u016f\u017ee obdr\u017eet platbu. <\/li>\n<li>Prodejce se dostane na str\u00e1nku, kter\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o \u00fadaje jeho karty, a nakonec je \u010d\u00e1stka od\u010dtena z jeho \u00fa\u010dtu. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1e87be7922a5bae7fc130c0503dc8219.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/63dd1c7ec1e67596106279a65a4052fc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sch\u00e9ma Scam 3.0 funguje takto:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Prodejce zve\u0159ej\u0148uje inzer\u00e1ty s aktivovan\u00fdm doru\u010den\u00edm p\u0159es Avito. <\/li>\n<li>Kdy\u017e z\u00e1kazn\u00edk zaplat\u00ed za zbo\u017e\u00ed, podvodn\u00edk mu pos\u00edl\u00e1 screenshot, na kter\u00e9m Avito \u00fadajn\u011b \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o potvrzovac\u00ed k\u00f3d. <\/li>\n<li>Pomoc\u00ed k\u00f3du se prodejce p\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00ed do \u00fa\u010dtu u\u017eivatele. V profilu kupuj\u00edc\u00edho podvodn\u00edk za\u0161krtne pol\u00ed\u010dko, jakoby zbo\u017e\u00ed bylo doru\u010deno. Kupuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 bez pen\u011bz a bez zbo\u017e\u00ed. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/659a2d5f7eded8c314648b4e2044f444.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A sch\u00e9ma 4.0 funguje takto:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kupuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1, \u017ee zaplatil za zbo\u017e\u00ed, a pos\u00edl\u00e1 fale\u0161n\u00fd doklad. Doklady pos\u00edlaj\u00ed kamkoliv: na email nebo do extern\u00edho messengeru. Z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, jak\u00fd kontakt prodejce podvodn\u00edkovi poskytl. <\/li>\n<li>Prodejci p\u0159ijde SMS, kter\u00e1 se maskuje jako p\u0159\u00edjem z banky. <\/li>\n<li>Po n\u011bkolika minut\u00e1ch kupuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee mu l\u00e9pe vyhovuje zbo\u017e\u00ed jin\u00e9ho prodejce, a \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o vr\u00e1cen\u00ed pen\u011bz. \u010casto se jako argument pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 'vr\u00e1tit, v\u017edy\u0165 nejsi podvodn\u00edk'. Prodejce pos\u00edl\u00e1 kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu \u010d\u00e1stku, ale ze sv\u00e9 kapsy, proto\u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 platba neprob\u011bhla.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"na-chto-davyat-moshenniki\">Na co tla\u010d\u00ed podvodn\u00edci<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>P\u011bt nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kontext\u016f, ve kter\u00fdch lid\u00e9 nalet\u00ed podvodn\u00edk\u016fm:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Unik\u00e1tn\u00ed prodejn\u00ed nab\u00eddka. Cena nebo zbo\u017e\u00ed se v\u00fdhodn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od ostatn\u00edch nab\u00eddek.<\/li>\n<li>A\u017eurace. Prodejce m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik z\u00e1jemc\u016f o koupi zbo\u017e\u00ed, a proto nut\u00ed k zaplacen\u00ed z\u00e1lohy.<\/li>\n<li>Nal\u00e9havost. Kupuj\u00edc\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed okam\u017eitou koupi zbo\u017e\u00ed za jakoukoli cenu a \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o v\u0161echny \u00fadaje bankovn\u00ed karty, aby mohl prov\u00e9st platbu.<\/li>\n<li>Dobrosrde\u010dnost. Podvodn\u00edk \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o pomoc p\u0159i koupi zbo\u017e\u00ed: nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u00e1 kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my nebo si zbo\u017e\u00ed nem\u016f\u017ee osobn\u011b vyzvednout. Podvodn\u00edk \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o \u00fadaje karty, aby mohl prov\u00e9st platbu, a zbo\u017e\u00ed pr\u00fd p\u0159inese kur\u00fdr.<\/li>\n<li>R\u016fzn\u00e9 obce a m\u011bsta. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je z\u00e1loha povinnou podm\u00ednkou obchodu, co\u017e otev\u00edr\u00e1 obrovsk\u00e9 pole p\u016fsobnosti pro podvodn\u00edky.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"shema-raboty-moshennikov\">Sch\u00e9ma \u201epr\u00e1ce\u201c podvodn\u00edk\u016f<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V podvodn\u00e9m sch\u00e9matu se pod\u00edlej\u00ed t\u0159i skupiny osob: pracovn\u00edci, podpora, T\u0421.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vorke\u0159i, od slova worker, jsou nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupina osob, v\u011bt\u0161inou studenti a \u0161kol\u00e1ci. Sami si zakl\u00e1daj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dty na Avitu a hledaj\u00ed ob\u011bti, kter\u00e9 naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed mamuty. Pot\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed dovednost\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010duj\u00ed ob\u011bti, aby n\u011bco zaplatily, a pos\u00edlaj\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fd odkaz. Pokud ob\u011b\u0165 zaplat\u00ed za \"zbo\u017e\u00ed\", \u00fakolem vorker\u016f je pomoc\u00ed podpory p\u0159esm\u011brovat ob\u011b\u0165 na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed, odkazuj\u00edc na n\u011bjakou technickou chybu. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Podpora jsou lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed za fixn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem pom\u00e1haj\u00ed nov\u00e1\u010dk\u016fm-vorker\u016fm podv\u00e1d\u011bt u\u017eivatele. D\u00e1vaj\u00ed rady, doporu\u010duj\u00ed \"ziskov\u00e9\" zbo\u017e\u00ed, \u010dasto za n\u011bjak\u00fd procentn\u00ed pod\u00edl z podvodn\u00e9ho obchodu jsou ochotni poskytnout i dal\u0161\u00ed slu\u017eby, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ipravit v Photoshopu pas, zavolat ob\u011bti, napsat j\u00ed jm\u00e9nem technick\u00e9 podpory.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>TS, od Topic Starter na st\u00ednov\u00fdch forech, kde byla p\u016fvodn\u011b najata vorker\u016f, v podstat\u011b funguj\u00ed jako organiz\u00e1to\u0159i. Stahuj\u00ed nebo kupuj\u00ed software, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Telegram-bota, kter\u00fd je hlavn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem podvodn\u00edk\u016f. V n\u011bm lze z\u00edskat fale\u0161n\u00fd odkaz na zbo\u017e\u00ed, dostat upozorn\u011bn\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edstupy nebo platby.<\/li>\n<li>Webov\u00e9 verze, kter\u00e1 se star\u00e1 o zobrazen\u00ed str\u00e1nky platby\/vr\u00e1cen\u00ed\/p\u0159ijet\u00ed pen\u011bz. K n\u00ed je p\u0159ipojena platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pro p\u0159\u00edjem plateb.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Organiz\u00e1to\u0159i z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed zisk z procenta z ka\u017ed\u00e9ho p\u0159evodu ob\u011bti, co\u017e naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed profitem. Proto se sna\u017e\u00ed propagovat sv\u016fj projekt a plat\u00ed podporu, aby \u0161kolila nov\u00e1\u010dky. Na nich se pak nese ve\u0161ker\u00e9 n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 s n\u00e1kupem nov\u00fdch dom\u00e9n a karet, na kter\u00e9 p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed pen\u00edze.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Po anal\u00fdze zdrojov\u00fdch k\u00f3d\u016f mnoha variant podvodn\u00fdch skript\u016f jsme dosp\u011bli k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich je naps\u00e1na v PHP, ale na velmi slab\u00e9 \u00farovni. <strong>T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny skripty shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed informace o sv\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b pracovn\u00edk\u016f.<\/strong> Jedno z p\u0159edpoklad\u016f, pro\u010d to d\u011blaj\u00ed, je to, \u017ee kdy\u017e na organiz\u00e1tora zas\u00e1hnou org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, on se pokus\u00ed spolupracovat s vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm a co nejv\u00edce zm\u00edrnit trest odhalen\u00edm d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b skript\u016f podvodn\u00edci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed bomb\u00e9ry. To jsou boti, kte\u0159\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed spammovat telefon SMS zpr\u00e1vami a telefonn\u00edmi hovory. Bomb\u00e9\u0159i funguj\u00ed tak, \u017ee nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 weby a \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed o registraci nebo obnoven\u00ed hesla podle telefonn\u00edho \u010d\u00edsla. Obvykle podvodn\u00edci p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 ob\u011bti na 2\u201472 hodin. A to je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd d\u016fvod, pro\u010d neukazovat sv\u00e9 telefonn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo na internetu. <\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ee91928bf52b5001edb30fdf614be7e8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed TC tak\u00e9 naj\u00edmaj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e, kte\u0159\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed vylep\u0161en\u00ed pro bota nebo web. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f nebo chr\u00e1n\u00ed skripty p\u0159ed zranitelnostmi, kter\u00e9 existuj\u00ed ve voln\u00fdch verz\u00edch. Av\u0161ak v honb\u011b za rychl\u00fdm ziskem si TC m\u016f\u017ee vz\u00edt cel\u00fd v\u00fdnos pro sebe, podv\u00e1d\u011bje vlastn\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edky. P\u0159itom existuje skupina kluk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed na samotn\u00fdch podvodn\u00edc\u00edch t\u00edm, \u017ee je podv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd denn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem podvodn\u00edka-uskute\u010d\u0148ovatele \u010din\u00ed 20 000 rubl\u016f, zat\u00edmco podvodn\u00edka-organiz\u00e1tora \u2014 200 000 rubl\u016f. Hlavn\u00ed v\u011bc, kterou si pamatujte: i kdy\u017e se zd\u00e1, \u017ee tento \"byznys\" z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nepotrest\u00e1n a ziskov\u00fd, v\u0161echny tyto aktivity spadaj\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.consultant.ru\/document\/cons_doc_LAW_10699\/8012ecdf64b7c9cfd62e90d7f55f9b5b7b72b755\/\">pod \u010dl\u00e1nek 159 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku Rusk\u00e9 federace<\/a><\/noindex>. Podvodn\u00edky zadr\u017euj\u00ed a ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed jim skute\u010dn\u00e9 tresty, i v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy byla \u0161koda zp\u016fsobena podvodem ve v\u00fd\u0161i 5\u20147 tis\u00edc rubl\u016f. <\/p>\n<p>Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 informace, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1me o faktech podvod\u016f, p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1me org\u00e1n\u016fm \u010dinn\u00fdm v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Jsme p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee i p\u0159es zd\u00e1nlivou ziskovost a snadnost sch\u00e9matu na\u0161i \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i ch\u00e1pou, \u017ee podvod\u016f se dopou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed jen lid\u00e9 bez rozumu, kte\u0159\u00ed si neuv\u011bdomuj\u00ed v\u0161echna rizika. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"epicheskaya-bitva-antifroda-i-moshennikov\">Epick\u00e1 bitva mezi antifraudov\u00fdmi specialisty a podvodn\u00edky<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pod\u011bl\u00edme se o to, jak\u00e9 kroky jsme podnikli b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f roku 2020, abychom chr\u00e1nili na\u0161e u\u017eivatele, a jak reagovali podvodn\u00edci. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed metrikou, na kterou jsme se zam\u011b\u0159ili p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed efektivity pr\u00e1ce, je po\u010det kontakt\u016f na podporu ohledn\u011b placen\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky podvodn\u00edka. V\u011bt\u0161inu podvodn\u00fdch inzer\u00e1t\u016f blokujeme je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e se dostanou na web. Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve\u0161ker\u00fd obchod p\u0159e\u0161el do online, zaznamenali jsme n\u00e1r\u016fst kontakt\u016f. Tuto informaci potvrzuj\u00ed i banky: v dubnu a kv\u011btnu hromadn\u011b rozes\u00edlaly upozorn\u011bn\u00ed na n\u00e1r\u016fst podvod\u016f p\u0159i online n\u00e1kupech.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/0f585faf03e455fa6e176c3d8062f344.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Abychom z\u00edskali rychlou zp\u011btnou vazbu na nov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, \u010dlov\u011bk z na\u0161eho t\u00fdmu se zapojil do des\u00edtek uzav\u0159en\u00fdch skupin podvodn\u00edk\u016f. V jedn\u00e9 z nich pro\u0161el pohovorem na v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e a z\u00edskal p\u0159\u00edstup k zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3d\u016fm scam-bot\u016f, a tak\u00e9 se dostal do skupiny organiz\u00e1tor\u016f. D\u00edky tomu jsme m\u011bli v\u017edy \u010derstv\u00e9 informace z prvn\u00ed ruky.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vzhledem k rizik\u016fm zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm za\u010d\u00e1tkem izolace jsme za\u010dali pr\u00e1ci je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed aktivn\u00edm n\u00e1r\u016fstem kontakt\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch technick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed bylo zaveden\u00ed anti-hacker opat\u0159en\u00ed, abychom vyt\u00e1hli \u00fa\u010dty u\u017eivatel\u016f z pa\u0159\u00e1t\u016f \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zad\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na a hesla, ale podez\u0159el\u00e9 geolokace, jsme po\u017eadovali k\u00f3d z SMS, kter\u00fd p\u0159i\u0161el vlastn\u00edkovi \u00fa\u010dtu. V reakci na to podvodn\u00edci za\u010dali registrovat v\u00edce nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f. To n\u00e1m hraje do karet \u2014 \u010derstv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty prodejc\u016f vzbuzuj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1le jsme za\u010dali varovat u\u017eivatele p\u0159ed p\u0159echody na podez\u0159el\u00e9 odkazy v messengeru. T\u00edm jsme sn\u00ed\u017eili po\u010det p\u0159echod\u016f o t\u0159etinu, ale na na\u0161\u00ed hlavn\u00ed metrice to t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nem\u011blo vliv: ty, kter\u00e9 podv\u00e1d\u011bli podvodn\u00edci, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 varov\u00e1n\u00ed nezastavila.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/013ca498711ede9a6920a8f6624df5a0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1sledn\u011b jsme zavedli b\u00edl\u00fd seznam odkaz\u016f. P\u0159estali jsme zv\u00fdraz\u0148ovat nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 odkazy v messengeru Avito, p\u0159ej\u00edt na n\u011b jedn\u00edm kliknut\u00edm u\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9. P\u0159i kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed podez\u0159el\u00e9ho odkazu jsme tak\u00e9 zobrazovali varov\u00e1n\u00ed. Toto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed poprv\u00e9 pozitivn\u011b ovlivnilo na\u0161i metriku. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Za\u010dali jsme aktivn\u011b penalizovat za&nbsp;p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed podez\u0159el\u00fdch odkaz\u016f v&nbsp;messengeru Avito: blokovat nebo odm\u00edtat inzer\u00e1ty prodejc\u016f. Jako reakci se podvodn\u00edci za\u010dali sna\u017eit odv\u00e1d\u011bt u\u017eivatele z&nbsp;na\u0161eho chatu do jin\u00fdch messenger\u016f. Pak jsme zavedli varov\u00e1n\u00ed, abychom neodch\u00e1zeli do jin\u00e9ho messengeru, pokud vid\u00edme jeho zm\u00ednku v&nbsp;chatu. Tato funkce za\u010dala s&nbsp;vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm podle regul\u00e1rn\u00edho v\u00fdrazu, pot\u00e9 jsme ji nahradili ML modelem.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/be1549f0b6b3dfda83406b9ad351851d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Pak za\u010dali podvodn\u00edci odv\u00e1d\u011bt u\u017eivatele na&nbsp;elektronickou po\u0161tu. K tomu pot\u0159ebovali to sam\u00e9 jako my v\u0161ichni&nbsp;\u2014 d\u016fv\u011bru. Za\u010dali potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm ob\u011btem pos\u00edlat obr\u00e1zky, kde Avito \u00fadajn\u011b \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o&nbsp;e-mail kupuj\u00edc\u00edho. To je podvod&nbsp;\u2014 e-mail kupuj\u00edc\u00edch nepot\u0159ebujeme. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/d10d74ec6eb09bd8545299812ce3fd67.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Zde na\u0161e podpora \u00fadajn\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee pro doru\u010den\u00ed pot\u0159ebujeme e-mail kupuj\u00edc\u00edho.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/afeba0a0501fe3f13c4f12a2253a7002.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>A tady v na\u0161em rozhran\u00ed se \u00fadajn\u011b objevilo nov\u00e9 pole pro zad\u00e1n\u00ed e-mailu.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Zat\u00edmco podvodn\u00fd odkaz mohl n\u011bkdo rozli\u0161it, email lze snadno kvalitn\u011b pad\u011blat a vzbuzuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru. Za\u010dali jsme odstra\u0148ovat zpr\u00e1vy s&nbsp;e-mailem a u\u017eivateli uk\u00e1zat varov\u00e1n\u00ed o&nbsp;nebezpe\u010d\u00ed takov\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud po varov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatel znovu ode\u0161le e-mail, u\u017e ho neodstra\u0148ujeme. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Podvodn\u00edci za\u010dali \u017e\u00e1dat kupuj\u00edc\u00ed, aby poslali adresu elektrick\u00e9 po\u0161ty v&nbsp;n\u011bkolika zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch nebo zm\u011bnili symbol @ na&nbsp;jin\u00fd. Pak jsme za\u010dali vykreslovat varov\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e p\u0159i \u017e\u00e1dosti o&nbsp;po\u0161tu. Sada t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed umo\u017enila t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zcela zabr\u00e1nit odchodu u\u017eivatel\u016f na&nbsp;po\u0161tu z&nbsp;messengeru Avito.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/cafa780a7956592c9a05beb9ad9703bb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161e aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed mechanika je docela efektivn\u00ed, ale nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e1 k&nbsp;u\u017eivatel\u016fm. Zpr\u00e1va s&nbsp;e-mailovou adresou je zcela odstran\u011bna, a \u010dasto v&nbsp;n\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 i jin\u00fd text. Ale to bylo nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed a nejlevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro v\u00fdvoj. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edme, jak ho p\u0159ed\u011blat a zlep\u0161it.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jednou z na\u0161ich posledn\u00edch iniciativ je vol\u00e1n\u00ed na \u010d\u00edslo. Obvykle \u010d\u00edsla podvodn\u00edk\u016f, na&nbsp;kter\u00e9 registruj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dty, \u017eij\u00ed kr\u00e1tce. Vol\u00e1me na \u010d\u00edslo prodejce po&nbsp;odesl\u00e1n\u00ed inzer\u00e1tu na&nbsp;Avito. Pokud se n\u00e1m nepoda\u0159\u00ed dovolat, moderace inzer\u00e1t odm\u00edtne. Podvodn\u00edci za\u010dali m\u011bnit telefonn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00edm, abychom stihli zavolat, dokud je je\u0161t\u011b dostupn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/65cb547c3a1bf9ea84c184704341dd77.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<em>A zde je zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba od&nbsp;podvodn\u00edka<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V&nbsp;podez\u0159el\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech sni\u017eujeme prioritu inzer\u00e1tu ve v\u00fdsledc\u00edch a odstra\u0148ujeme jej z&nbsp;doporu\u010den\u00ed. P\u0159itom nastavujeme zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed ve vystaven\u00ed a\u017e&nbsp;na 48&nbsp;hodin, abychom m\u011bli dostatek \u010dasu v\u0161e pe\u010dliv\u011b prov\u011b\u0159it a zp\u016fsobit podvodn\u00edk\u016fm trochu v\u00edce pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"eto-lish-verhushka-aysberga-vidov-moshennichestva-namnogo-bolshe\">To je jen \u0161pi\u010dka ledovce, existuje mnohem v\u00edce druh\u016f podvod\u016f<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Bohu\u017eel, nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 popsat v\u0161echny typy podvod\u016f v&nbsp;jednom \u010dl\u00e1nku. Kdy\u017e jsme se dozv\u011bd\u011bli o&nbsp;zaveden\u00ed re\u017eimu sebezahrn\u011bn\u00ed, bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee podvodn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed vyd\u011bl\u00e1vali offline, se p\u0159esunou online. Necht\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159ece m\u011bnit sv\u00e9 modely chov\u00e1n\u00ed na&nbsp;n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a st\u00e1t se slu\u0161n\u00fdmi ob\u010dany. To vedlo k&nbsp;skute\u010dn\u00e9mu boomu podvod\u016f na&nbsp;v\u0161ech online platform\u00e1ch a p\u0159es telefon. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mezi typy podvod\u016f se vyskytuj\u00ed i&nbsp;vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 a dokonce legra\u010dn\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, podvodn\u00edk se zde vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 za robota, aby sn\u00ed\u017eil n\u00e1klady na&nbsp;komunikaci:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/a65efac23ec1be04d5079644d33d72db.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e podvodn\u00edk\u016f na&nbsp;Avito ka\u017ed\u00fd den ub\u00fdv\u00e1 a v&nbsp;cel\u00e9 zemi prob\u00edhaj\u00ed razie, kde zam\u011bstnanci org\u00e1n\u016f \u010dinn\u00fdch v&nbsp;trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je nach\u00e1zej\u00ed, navzdory proxy a VPN, zadr\u017euj\u00ed je a d\u00e1vaj\u00ed jim skute\u010dn\u00e9 tresty a\u017e&nbsp;na 2&nbsp;roky odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody za podvody ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2500\u20145000 rubl\u016f, zcela se podvod\u016f zbavit nelze.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nebudeme ve\u0159ejn\u011b \u0159\u00edkat o&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1padech a novink\u00e1ch, abychom neusnadnili pr\u00e1ci podvodn\u00edk\u016fm. Ch\u00e1peme, \u017ee tento boj bude pokra\u010dovat. Na\u0161\u00edm \u00fakolem je co nejv\u00edce zt\u00ed\u017eit \u017eivot podvodn\u00edk\u016fm, u\u010dinit tento typ \u010dinnosti na&nbsp;na\u0161em zdroji prost\u011b nev\u00fdhodn\u00fdm a p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e minimalizujeme dopad na&nbsp;dobr\u00e9 u\u017eivatele.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/a2370f78204c2829f5f5c8d8ff08deb5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"rezultaty-raboty\">V\u00fdsledky pr\u00e1ce<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Toto je graf \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o&nbsp;podporu t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se podvod\u016f v&nbsp;doru\u010den\u00ed. V&nbsp;posledn\u00edch t\u00fddnech se dr\u017e\u00ed na&nbsp;stabiln\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farovni:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jak Avito odhaluje podvodn\u00edky a bojuje s podvodem\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/c77227ea9be20b98c74eee2113c21351.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kak-ne-stat-zhertvoy-moshennika\">Jak se nestat ob\u011bt\u00ed podvodn\u00edka<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Podvodn\u00edci jsou l\u017e\u00edc\u00ed dehtu v&nbsp;sudech v\u00fdhodn\u00fdch nab\u00eddek. Abyste z\u016fstali v&nbsp;bezpe\u010d\u00ed, sta\u010d\u00ed dodr\u017eovat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed pravidla:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Nesd\u00edlejte citliv\u00e9 \u00fadaje. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9: jm\u00e9no, telefon, adresu, e-mail, datum a m\u00edsto narozen\u00ed, informace o&nbsp;rodin\u011b a p\u0159\u00edjmech, \u00fadaje o&nbsp;kart\u011b, kontakty v&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00edch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch. Nikdy neoznamujte k\u00f3dy z&nbsp;SMS a push notifikac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Ve\u0161kerou komunikaci udr\u017eujte pouze v&nbsp;na\u0161em messengeru, abychom v\u00e1s mohli upozornit v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. <\/li>\n<li>Kontrolujte hodnocen\u00ed prodejce a v\u011bk profilu. Podez\u0159el\u00e9 jsou n\u00edzk\u00e9 ceny, ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 datum registrace na webu a negativn\u00ed recenze. <\/li>\n<li>Pokud je tla\u010d\u00edtko \u201eKoupit s doru\u010den\u00edm\u201c neaktivn\u00ed, dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm&nbsp;ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch partner\u016f Avito nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9. Ostatn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby doru\u010den\u00ed&nbsp;\u2014 v\u017edy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed riziko.<\/li>\n<li>Neklikejte na&nbsp;odkazy. Odkaz na&nbsp;platbu nebo p\u0159evod pen\u011bz by m\u011bl p\u0159ij\u00edt prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm&nbsp;vstavan\u00e9ho messengeru Avito jako syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va. Opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd odkaz v\u017edy za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 dom\u00e9nou www.avito.ru. Jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 kombinace slov a symbol\u016f&nbsp;\u2014 podvod.<\/li>\n<li>Nesp\u011bchejte a prov\u00e1d\u011bjte ve\u0161ker\u00e9 n\u00e1kupy s&nbsp;\u010distou hlavou. Bu\u010fte pozorn\u00ed k&nbsp;jak\u00fdmkoliv detail\u016fm. Podvodn\u00edci \u010dasto tla\u010d\u00ed na&nbsp;potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed kupce a vyhro\u017euj\u00ed, \u017ee zbo\u017e\u00ed prodaj\u00ed n\u011bkomu jin\u00e9mu. Poctiv\u00ed prodejci jsou loaj\u00e1ln\u00ed a ochotn\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u011bt na&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky. <\/li>\n<li>Neprov\u00e1d\u011bjte \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159edplatby za&nbsp;\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 slu\u017eby, pokud si nejste jisti prodejcem.<\/li>\n<li>Nenechte se nal\u00e1kat na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 extern\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a programy.<\/li>\n<li>Pokud jste narazili na podez\u0159el\u00fd profil nebo nab\u00eddku&nbsp;\u2014 informujte n\u00e1s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/support.avito.ru\/request\/317?eventData%5BcontextId%5D=117\">na&nbsp;na\u0161i podporu<\/a><\/noindex>. Prov\u011b\u0159\u00edme prodejce. Na internetu je lep\u0161\u00ed nikomu ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat a prov\u00e1d\u011bt dodate\u010dn\u00e9 kontroly.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/avito\/blog\/505916\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. \u042f \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c, \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441&nbsp;\u043c\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043e. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e&nbsp;\u0432\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0441&nbsp;\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u044f\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441&nbsp;\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u044b \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441&nbsp;\u043c\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441&nbsp;\u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430&nbsp;\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u0445. \u0412 \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435 2020&nbsp;\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432&nbsp;\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":85174,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-85173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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