{"id":85959,"date":"2020-06-20T13:42:30","date_gmt":"2020-06-20T11:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0"},"modified":"2020-06-20T13:42:30","modified_gmt":"2020-06-20T11:42:30","slug":"sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0","title":{"rendered":"Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed bootovac\u00edch obraz\u016f boobstrap v1.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"


\n \"Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

R\u00e1d bych v\u00e1m p\u0159edstavil framework s n\u00e1zvem boobstrap, kter\u00fd je naps\u00e1n v POSIX shellu, pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed bootovac\u00edch obraz\u016f s distribucemi GNU\/Linux. Framework umo\u017e\u0148uje proj\u00edt cel\u00fdm procesem ve t\u0159ech jednoduch\u00fdch kroc\u00edch: od nasazen\u00ed syst\u00e9mu v chrootu, p\u0159es vytvo\u0159en\u00ed initramfs obrazu zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edho syst\u00e9m z chrootu, a\u017e po kone\u010dn\u00fd bootovac\u00ed ISO obraz. boobstrap obsahuje t\u0159i utility mkbootstrap, mkinitramfs a mkbootisofs.<\/p>\n

mkbootstrap instaluje syst\u00e9m do samostatn\u00e9ho adres\u00e1\u0159e, m\u00e1 nativn\u00ed podporu pro CRUX, a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Arch Linuxu\/Manjaro a distribuc\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fdch na Debi\u00e1nu je t\u0159eba pou\u017e\u00edt extern\u00ed utility pacstrap, basestrap a debootstrap.<\/p>\n

mkinitramfs vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed initramfs obraz, m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt nainstalovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m v adres\u00e1\u0159i jako \u201eoverlay\u201c, komprimovan\u00fd pomoc\u00ed SquashFS, nebo se spustit p\u0159\u00edmo v tmpfs. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edkaz mkinitramfs `mktemp -d` \u2014overlay \"arch-chroot\/\" \u2014overlay \"\/home\" \u2014squashfs-xz \u2014output initrd vytvo\u0159\u00ed initrd soubor, kter\u00fd zahrnuje dva overlaye se syst\u00e9mem \u201earch-chroot\/\u201c a va\u0161\u00edm \u201e\/home\u201c, komprimovan\u00fdmi pomoc\u00ed SquashFS, kter\u00e9 pak m\u016f\u017eete na\u010d\u00edst p\u0159es PXE do tmpfs, nebo vytvo\u0159it zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed ISO obraz s t\u00edmto initrd.<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed BIOS\/UEFI bootovac\u00ed ISO obraz z ur\u010den\u00e9ho adres\u00e1\u0159e. Sta\u010d\u00ed um\u00edstit soubory \/boot\/vmlinuz a \/boot\/initrd do adres\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n

boobstrap nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 busybox a pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed pracovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed initramfs se zkop\u00edruje minim\u00e1ln\u00ed soubor program\u016f pomoc\u00ed ldd, kter\u00e9 jsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159epnut\u00ed do syst\u00e9mu. Seznam program\u016f k zkop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako v\u0161e ostatn\u00ed, lze nakonfigurovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm konfigura\u010dn\u00edho souboru \/etc\/boobstrap\/boobstrap.conf. Tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete nainstalovat jak\u00fdkoli minimalistick\u00fd distribuci do samostatn\u00e9ho chroot\/, ze kter\u00e9ho pak vytvo\u0159it plnohodnotn\u00e9 initramfs prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Jako takov\u00e9 minimalistick\u00e9, ale p\u0159itom plnohodnotn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed se doporu\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edt \u0161ablonu \u201ecrux_gnulinux-embedded\u201c, kter\u00e1 po xz zab\u00edr\u00e1 kompromisn\u00edch 37MB. busybox, krom\u011b sv\u00e9 velikosti, 3-5MB oproti 30-50MB plnohodnotn\u00e9ho GNU\/Linux prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nenab\u00edz\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhody, proto se pou\u017eit\u00ed busyboxu v projektu nejev\u00ed jako \u00fa\u010deln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Jak rychle zkontrolovat funk\u010dnost a za\u010d\u00edt pracovat? Nainstalujte a spus\u0165te.<\/p>\n

# git clone https:\/\/github.com\/sp00f1ng\/boobstrap.git
\n# cd boobstrap
\n# make install# boobstrap\/tests\/crux_gnulinux-download-and-build
\n# qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 1G -cdrom tmp.*\/install.iso<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 je t\u0159eba doinstalovat z\u00e1vislosti, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b: cpio, grub, grub-efi, dosfstools, xorriso. Pou\u017eit\u00ed squashfs-tools nen\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9, m\u016f\u017eete pracovat v tmpfs p\u0159i odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm objemu opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti. Pokud n\u011bco v syst\u00e9mu chyb\u00ed, boobstrap to ozn\u00e1m\u00ed p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pro usnadn\u011bn\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed konfigurac\u00ed boobstrap navrhuje pou\u017e\u00edvat \u201e\u0161ablony\u201c a \u201esyst\u00e9my\u201c, jejich\u017e podstatou je vyu\u017e\u00edvat \u201e\u0161ablony\u201c (bootstrap-templates\/) pro rychlou instalaci syst\u00e9m\u016f z tohoto souboru a p\u0159\u00edmo \u201esyst\u00e9my\u201c (bootstrap-systems\/) pou\u017e\u00edt pro nastaven\u00ed kone\u010dn\u00fdch konfigurac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed skriptu boobstrap\/bootstrap-templates\/crux_gnulinux-embedded.bbuild nainstaluje minim\u00e1ln\u00ed konfiguraci syst\u00e9mu CRUX GNU\/Linux a ulo\u017e\u00ed ji do souboru crux_gnulinux-embedded.rootfs, pot\u00e9 spust\u00edte boobstrap\/bootstrap-systems\/default\/crux_gnulinux.bbuild, kter\u00fd na\u010dte prim\u00e1rn\u00ed konfiguraci z uveden\u00e9ho souboru, provede v\u0161echna pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 nastaven\u00ed a p\u0159iprav\u00ed spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed ISO. Je to pohodln\u00e9, kdy\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad mnoho syst\u00e9m\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 podobnou konfiguraci: abyste znovu nemuseli popisovat stejnou sadu bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, pou\u017eijete jednu \u0161ablonu, na jej\u00edm\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b pak vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edte spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed obrazy syst\u00e9m\u016f s kone\u010dnou konfigurac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kde to v\u0161echno vyu\u017e\u00edt?<\/p>\n

Nastav\u00edte syst\u00e9m v souboru jednou a jeho spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm provedete jeho sestaven\u00ed a\/nebo aktualizaci. Syst\u00e9m funguje v tmpfs, co\u017e ho \u010din\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdm v podstat\u011b. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu se jedn\u00edm stiskem tla\u010d\u00edtka Reset vr\u00e1t\u00edte do v\u00fdchoz\u00edho stavu. M\u016f\u017eete v klidu prov\u00e9st rm -rf \/.<\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017eete nastavovat konfigurace v\u0161ech va\u0161ich syst\u00e9m\u016f lok\u00e1ln\u011b, vytv\u00e1\u0159et obrazy, testovat je ve virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm stroji nebo na samostatn\u00e9m \u201e\u017eeleze\u201c, pot\u00e9 je nahr\u00e1vat na vzd\u00e1len\u00fd server a spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm dvou p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f kexec -l \/vmlinuz \u2014initrd=\/initrd && kexec -e aktualizovat cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m, co\u017e ho restartuje do tmpfs.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159ev\u00e9st v\u0161echny syst\u00e9my, nap\u0159\u00edklad na VDS, pro pr\u00e1ci v tmpfs, a \u0161ifrovat disk \/dev\/vda a pou\u017e\u00edvat ho pouze pro data, bez nutnosti na n\u011bm uchov\u00e1vat opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Jedin\u00fdm \u201em\u00edstem \u00faniku informac\u00ed\u201c v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude pouze \u201estuden\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e\u201c pam\u011bti va\u0161\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed ma\u0161iny, a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kompromitace syst\u00e9mu (nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoc\u00ed hrub\u00e9 s\u00edly SSH hesla nebo zranitelnosti v exim) m\u016f\u017eete nahr\u00e1t nov\u00fd ISO p\u0159es \u201eovl\u00e1dac\u00ed panel\u201c va\u0161eho poskytovatele, abyste znovu uvedli VDS do provozu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nezapome\u0148te upravit konfiguraci syst\u00e9mu tak, aby byly uzav\u0159eny v\u0161echny zranitelnosti. Je to rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159einstalace, n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed a\/nebo obnoven\u00ed z z\u00e1lohy, nebo\u0165 sta\u017een\u00fd ISO s va\u0161\u00edm syst\u00e9mem je v podstat\u011b va\u0161e z\u00e1loha. \u201eSedm ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed - jedna oprava.\u201c<\/p>\n

Nakonec m\u016f\u017eete vytvo\u0159it libovolnou distribuci podle sv\u00fdch pot\u0159eb, zapsat ji na USB flash disk a pracovat v n\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ji budete aktualizovat podle pot\u0159eby a znovu ji zapisovat na USB flash disk. V\u0161echna data uchov\u00e1vejte v \u201ecloudu\u201c. U\u017e se nemus\u00edte ob\u00e1vat o bezpe\u010dnost syst\u00e9mu a vytv\u00e1\u0159et jeho z\u00e1lohu, kdy\u017e se syst\u00e9m, opakuji, v podstat\u011b stal \u201ejednor\u00e1zov\u00fdm\u201c.<\/p>\n

Va\u0161e p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u00e1vrhy a p\u0159ipom\u00ednky jsou v\u00edt\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

V repozit\u00e1\u0159i na odkazu n\u00ed\u017ee je podrobn\u00fd README soubor (v angli\u010dtin\u011b) s popisem ka\u017ed\u00e9 utility a p\u0159\u00edklady pou\u017eit\u00ed, tak\u00e9 existuje podrobn\u00e1 dokumentace v ru\u0161tin\u011b a historie v\u00fdvoje, dostupn\u00e9 na odkazu: Sada spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edch skript\u016f boobstrap<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0425\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c boobstrap, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 POSIX shell, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 GNU\/Linux. \u0424\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430: \u043e\u0442 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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":85960,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-85959","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edch obraz\u016f boobstrap v1.0 | ProHoster","description":"","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c 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