{"id":86472,"date":"2020-06-25T19:41:59","date_gmt":"2020-06-25T17:41:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sovremennaya-infrastruktura-problemy-i-perspektivy"},"modified":"2020-06-25T19:41:59","modified_gmt":"2020-06-25T17:41:59","slug":"sovremennaya-infrastruktura-problemy-i-perspektivy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sovremennaya-infrastruktura-problemy-i-perspektivy","title":{"rendered":"Modern\u00ed infrastruktura: probl\u00e9my a perspektivy","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Modern\u00ed infrastruktura: probl\u00e9my a perspektivy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/11ee21e8779fbedf460fcdc6e753a151.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNa konci kv\u011btna <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/feedme.ru\/\">pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me<\/a><\/noindex> se uskute\u010dnil online meetup na t\u00e9ma <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/uf4EgFmUY1Y\">\u201eSou\u010dasn\u00e1 infrastruktura a kontejnery: probl\u00e9my a perspektivy\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>. Hovo\u0159ili jsme o kontejnerech, Kubernetes a orchestraci obecn\u011b, o krit\u00e9ri\u00edch pro v\u00fdb\u011br infrastruktury a mnoh\u00e9m dal\u0161\u00edm. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci sd\u00edleli p\u0159\u00edpady z vlastn\u00ed praxe. <\/p>\n<p><b>\u00da\u010dastn\u00edci:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Evgenij Potapov, CEO \u201eITSumma\u201c<\/b>. V\u00edce ne\u017e polovina jeho klient\u016f ji\u017e p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed nebo m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem p\u0159ej\u00edt na Kubernetes.<\/li>\n<li><b>Dmitrij Stoljarov, CTO \u201eFlant\u201c<\/b>. M\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 let zku\u0161enost\u00ed s kontejnerov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my.<\/li>\n<li><b>Denis Rem\u010dukov (aka Eric Oldmann), COO argotech.io, ex-RAO EES<\/b>. Sl\u00edbil, \u017ee pov\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edpadech v \u201ekrvav\u00e9m\u201c enterprise.<\/li>\n<li><b>Andrej Fedorovskij, CTO \u201eNews360.com\u201c<\/b>Po koupi spole\u010dnosti jin\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dem odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za \u0159adu projekt\u016f ML a AI a za infrastrukturu.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ivan Kruglov, syst\u00e9mov\u00fd in\u017een\u00fdr, ex\u2013Booking.com.<\/b>Ten \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd svou vlastn\u00ed prac\u00ed dok\u00e1zal s Kubernetes opravdu hodn\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>T\u00e9mata:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Post\u0159ehy \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f o kontejnerech a orchestraci (Docker, Kubernetes a dal\u0161\u00ed); co vyzkou\u0161eli v praxi nebo analyzovali.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edpad: Ve spole\u010dnosti vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed pl\u00e1n rozvoje infrastruktury na l\u00e9ta. Jak se rozhoduje, zda vybudovat (nebo p\u0159ev\u00e9st st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed) infrastrukturu na kontejnerech a Kubernetes, \u010di nikoliv? <\/li>\n<li>Probl\u00e9my ve sv\u011bt\u011b cloud-native, co n\u00e1m chyb\u00ed, poj\u010fme fantaz\u00edrovat, co bude z\u00edtra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRozvinula se zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 diskuse, n\u00e1zory \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f se uk\u00e1zaly b\u00fdt natolik rozd\u00edln\u00e9 a vyvolaly tolik koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f, \u017ee je chce sd\u00edlet s v\u00e1mi. Existuje <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uf4EgFmUY1Y\">video na t\u0159i hodiny<\/a><\/noindex>, a n\u00ed\u017ee je shrnut\u00ed diskuse. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Je Kubernetes ji\u017e standard nebo skv\u011bl\u00fd marketing?<\/h2>\n<p>\n<i>\u201eK n\u011bmu (Kubernetes \u2014 pozn. red.) jsme p\u0159i\u0161li tehdy, kdy\u017e o n\u011bm je\u0161t\u011b nikdo nev\u011bd\u011bl. P\u0159i\u0161li jsme k n\u011bmu je\u0161t\u011b tehdy, kdy\u017e ani neexistoval. Cht\u011bli jsme ho je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm\u201c \u2014 <b>Dmitrij Stoljarov<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Modern\u00ed infrastruktura: probl\u00e9my a perspektivy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/a814dda8f5e37560b6882535522498a6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto z Reddit.com<\/i><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ed 5\u201310 lety existoval obrovsk\u00fd po\u010det n\u00e1stroj\u016f a neexistoval jednotn\u00fd standard. Ka\u017ed\u00fdch \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f se objevoval nov\u00fd produkt, a to i v\u00edce ne\u017e jeden. Nejprve Vagrant, pak Salt, Chef, Puppet,\u2026 \u201ea ty ka\u017ed\u00fdch \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f p\u0159estavuje\u0161 svou infrastrukturu. M\u00e1\u0161 p\u011bt administr\u00e1tor\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou neust\u00e1le zanepr\u00e1zdn\u011bni p\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00edm konfigurac\u00ed\u201c \u2014 vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 Andrej Fedorovskij. Domn\u00edv\u00e1 se, \u017ee Docker a Kubernetes \u201ep\u0159evzaly moc\u201c nad ostatn\u00edmi. <b>Docker se stal standardem v posledn\u00edch p\u011bti letech, Kubernetes \u2014 v posledn\u00edch dvou. A to je dobr\u00e9 pro odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Dmitrij Stoljaro v jeho t\u00fdm maj\u00ed r\u00e1di Kubernetes. Cht\u011bli takov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, ne\u017e se objevil, a dostali se k n\u011bmu, kdy\u017e se o n\u011bm je\u0161t\u011b nikdo nev\u011bd\u011bl. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b, z praktick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, neberou klienta, pokud si pomysl\u00ed, \u017ee mu neimplementuj\u00ed Kubernetes. P\u0159itom, podle Dmitrije, m\u00e1 firma \u201emnoho obrovsk\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f transformace stra\u0161n\u00e9ho legacy\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><b>Kubernetes nen\u00ed pouze orchestrac\u00ed kontejner\u016f, je to syst\u00e9m pro spr\u00e1vu konfigurace s vyvinut\u00fdm API, komponentem pro pr\u00e1ci se s\u00edt\u00ed, L3 vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee a Ingress kontrol\u00e9ry, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje relativn\u011b snadno spravovat zdroje, \u0161k\u00e1lovat a abstrahovat od doln\u00edch vrstev infrastruktury.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Bohu\u017eel, v na\u0161em \u017eivot\u011b za v\u0161echno mus\u00edme platit. A tato da\u0148 je vysok\u00e1, zejm\u00e9na pokud mluv\u00edme o p\u0159echodu na Kubernetes ve spole\u010dnosti s rozvinutou infrastrukturou, jak si mysl\u00ed Ivan Kruglova. Mohl by svobodn\u011b pracovat jak ve spole\u010dnosti s tradi\u010dn\u00ed infrastrukturou, tak s Kubernetes. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je rozum\u011bt zvl\u00e1\u0161tnostem firmy a trhu. Ale nap\u0159\u00edklad pro Jevgenije Potapova, kter\u00fd by shrnul Kubernetes na jak\u00fdkoliv n\u00e1stroj pro orchestraci kontejner\u016f, takov\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka nestoj\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Jevgenij ud\u011blal analogii se situac\u00ed v 90. letech, kdy se objevilo objektov\u011b orientovan\u00e9 programov\u00e1n\u00ed jako zp\u016fsob programov\u00e1n\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b pokra\u010dovaly debaty a objevovaly se nov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje podporuj\u00edc\u00ed OOP. Pot\u00e9 se objevily mikroservisy jako zp\u016fsob, jak se vyhnout monolitn\u00edmu konceptu. To zase vedlo k vzniku kontejner\u016f a n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro jejich spr\u00e1vu. \u201eMysl\u00edm, \u017ee brzy p\u0159ijdeme k okam\u017eiku, kdy nebude ot\u00e1zka, zda ps\u00e1t mikroservisn\u011b malou aplikaci, ale bude se to ps\u00e1t jako mikroservis automaticky,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. Podobn\u011b se Docker a Kubernetes \u010dasem stanou standardn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm bez nutnosti volby.<\/p>\n<h2>Probl\u00e9m datab\u00e1z\u00ed v stateless.<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Modern\u00ed infrastruktura: probl\u00e9my a perspektivy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/5bd0a882ea3cebcafbb846570672be20.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@jankolar?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Twitter: @jankolario na Unsplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>V na\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b existuje mnoho recept\u016f na spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed datab\u00e1z\u00ed v Kubernetes. Dokonce jak odd\u011blit \u010d\u00e1st pracuj\u00edc\u00ed s disky I\/O od, dejme tomu, aplika\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti datab\u00e1ze. <b>Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee v budoucnu datab\u00e1ze zm\u011bn\u00ed tak, \u017ee budou dod\u00e1v\u00e1ny v krabici, kde jedna \u010d\u00e1st bude orchestr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Dockeru a Kubernetes a v jin\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti infrastruktury, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm samostatn\u00e9ho softwaru, bude poskytov\u00e1na \u010d\u00e1st \u00falo\u017en\u00e9ho prostoru?<\/b> Zm\u011bn\u00ed se datab\u00e1ze jako produkt?<\/p>\n<p>Tento popis se podob\u00e1 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed front, ale po\u017eadavky na spolehlivost a synchronizaci informac\u00ed v tradi\u010dn\u00edch datab\u00e1z\u00edch jsou mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, domn\u00edv\u00e1 se Andrej. Pom\u011br hit\u016f v cache v norm\u00e1ln\u00edch datab\u00e1z\u00edch se udr\u017euje na \u00farovni 99 %. Pokud pracovn\u00edk spadne, spust\u00ed se nov\u00fd a cache se 'oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1' od nuly. Dokud cache nen\u00ed oh\u0159\u00e1t\u00e1, pracovn\u00edk pracuje pomalu, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na n\u011bj nelze nasadit u\u017eivatelskou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e. Dokud nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 u\u017eivatelsk\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, cache se neoh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1. To je uzav\u0159en\u00fd cyklus. <\/p>\n<p>Dmitrij z\u00e1sadn\u011b nesouhlas\u00ed, \u2014 kv\u00f3ra a shardov\u00e1n\u00ed tento probl\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161\u00ed. Ale Andrej trv\u00e1 na tom, \u017ee \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nevyhovuje v\u0161em. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch situac\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee vyhovovat kv\u00f3rum, ale klade to dodate\u010dnou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e na s\u00ed\u0165. Datab\u00e1ze NoSQL neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 v\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm. <\/p>\n<p>\u00da\u010dastn\u00edci meetupu se rozd\u011blili na dva t\u00e1bory.<\/p>\n<p>Denis a Andrej tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee v\u0161e, co se zapisuje na disk \u2014 datab\u00e1ze a dal\u0161\u00ed \u2014 v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9mu Kuberu nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 realizovat. <b>Nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 zachovat integritu a konzistenci produktivn\u00edch dat v Kubernetes. To je fundament\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnost.<\/b> \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed: hybridn\u00ed infrastruktura. <\/p>\n<p>I modern\u00ed cloud native datab\u00e1ze, jako MongoDB a Cassandra, nebo fronty zpr\u00e1v, jako Kafka nebo RabbitMQ, vy\u017eaduj\u00ed trval\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b dat mimo Kubernetes. <\/p>\n<p>Evgenij oponuje: \u201eDatab\u00e1ze v Kuberu \u2014 to je trauma okolo rusk\u00e9 kultury, nebo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 podnikov\u00e9, kter\u00e1 souvis\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee v Rusku nen\u00ed cloudov\u00e1 adopce.\u201c Mal\u00e9 nebo st\u0159edn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti na Z\u00e1pad\u011b \u2014 to je cloud. Datab\u00e1ze Amazon RDS je snaz\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt, ne\u017e se s Kubernetes zab\u00fdvat samostatn\u011b. V Rusku pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed Kuber 'on-premise' a p\u0159esouvaj\u00ed do n\u011bj datab\u00e1ze, kdy\u017e se sna\u017e\u00ed zbavit se zoo.<\/p>\n<p>Dmitrij tak\u00e9 nesouhlasil s tvrzen\u00edm, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze nelze dr\u017eet v Kubernetes: \u201eDatab\u00e1ze jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9. A pokud zan\u00e1\u0161et obrovskou rela\u010dn\u00ed datab\u00e1zi \u2014 tak rozhodn\u011b ne. Pokud zasunout n\u011bco mal\u00e9ho a cloud native, co je mor\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ipraveno na poluefem\u00e9rn\u00ed \u017eivot, v\u0161echno bude v po\u0159\u00e1dku.\u201c Dmitrij tak\u00e9 zm\u00ednil, \u017ee n\u00e1stroje pro spr\u00e1vu datab\u00e1z\u00ed nejsou p\u0159ipraveny ani na Docker, ani na Kuber, a proto vznikaj\u00ed velk\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p>Ivan je naopak p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee i kdy\u017e se abstrahujeme od pojm\u016f stateful a stateless, ekosyst\u00e9m podnikov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v Kubernetes je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed p\u0159ipraven. S Kuberem je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat po\u017eadavky z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00fdch a regula\u010dn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed identity, kde jsou vy\u017eadov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 z\u00e1ruky identifikace serveru, a\u017e po hardwarov\u00e9 komponenty, kter\u00e9 jsou vlo\u017eeny do server\u016f. Tato oblast se vyv\u00edj\u00ed, ale zat\u00edm nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<br \/>\n\u00da\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm se nepoda\u0159ilo dohodnout, tak\u017ee v t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f nebude. Rad\u011bji uvedeme p\u00e1r praktick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edpad 1. Kybernetick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost \u201emegaregulatora\u201c s datab\u00e1zemi mimo Kuber<\/h3>\n<p>\nV p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozvinut\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu kybernetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kontejner\u016f a orchestrace odol\u00e1vat \u00fatok\u016fm a vniknut\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v jednom megaregulatorovi Denis a jeho t\u00fdm implementovali spojen\u00ed orchestrace s vycvi\u010den\u00fdm SIEM servisem, kter\u00fd analyzuje protokoly v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase a ur\u010duje pr\u016fb\u011bh \u00fatoku, prolomen\u00ed nebo selh\u00e1n\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fatoku, pokusu n\u011bco nahr\u00e1t, nebo p\u0159i vniknut\u00ed ransomwaru, orchestruje rychlej\u0161\u00ed nasazen\u00ed kontejner\u016f s aplikacemi, ne\u017e se stihnou infikovat, nebo ne\u017e je napadnou \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci.<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edpad 2. \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159esun datab\u00e1z\u00ed Booking.com do Kubernetes<\/h3>\n<p>\nV Booking.com je hlavn\u00ed datab\u00e1z\u00ed MySQL s asynchronn\u00ed replikac\u00ed \u2014 existuje master a cel\u00e1 hierarchie slave\u016f. V dob\u011b, kdy Ivan opou\u0161t\u011bl spole\u010dnost, byl spu\u0161t\u011bn projekt na p\u0159esun slave\u016f, kter\u00e9 lze \"odst\u0159elit\" s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi ztr\u00e1tami.<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b hlavn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze existuje instalace Cassandry s vlastn\u00edm orchestr\u00e1torem, kter\u00fd byl naps\u00e1n je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e se Kuber dostal do mainstreamu. V tomto ohledu nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, ale m\u00e1 persistentn\u00ed na lok\u00e1ln\u00ed SSD. Vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, i v r\u00e1mci jednoho datov\u00e9ho centra, nejsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na kv\u016fli probl\u00e9m\u016fm s vysokou latenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0159et\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda datab\u00e1z\u00ed je vyhled\u00e1vac\u00ed slu\u017eba Booking.com, kde ka\u017ed\u00e1 node slu\u017eby je datab\u00e1z\u00ed. Pokusy p\u0159esunout vyhled\u00e1vac\u00ed slu\u017ebu do Kubera se nezda\u0159ily, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 node m\u00e1 60\u201480 GB lok\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e9 je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 \"zvednout\" a \"zah\u0159\u00e1t\".<\/p>\n<p>Nakonec nebyl vyhled\u00e1vac\u00ed engine v Kubernetes p\u0159eveden, a Ivan nemysl\u00ed, \u017ee by v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 dob\u011b byly nov\u00e9 pokusy. Datab\u00e1ze MySQL byla p\u0159esunuta z poloviny: pouze slave, kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed stra\u0161n\u00e9 \"odst\u0159elit\". Cassandra \"se uchytila\" v\u00fdborn\u011b.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00fdb\u011br infrastruktury jako \u00fakol bez obecn\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Modern\u00ed infrastruktura: probl\u00e9my a perspektivy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/35cc454130402e47fcb9db3dbf159abb.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/@artunchained?utm_content=attributionCopyText&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=pexels\">Manuel Geissinger z Pexels<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dejme, \u017ee m\u00e1me novou spole\u010dnost, nebo spole\u010dnost, jej\u00ed\u017e \u010d\u00e1st infrastruktury byla postavena star\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. V n\u00ed se vypracov\u00e1v\u00e1 pl\u00e1n rozvoje infrastruktury na roky. Jak se rozhoduje, zda budovat infrastrukturu na kontejnerech a Kubernetes, nebo ne? <\/p>\n<p>Spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 bojuj\u00ed o nanosekundy, jsou z diskuse vy\u0159azeny. Zdrav\u00fd konzervatismus se vypl\u00e1c\u00ed z hlediska spolehlivosti, ale st\u00e1le jsou tu spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly zv\u00e1\u017eit nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy.<\/p>\n<p>Ivan: \u201eTe\u010f bych rozhodn\u011b zalo\u017eil spole\u010dnost v cloudu, prost\u011b proto, \u017ee je to rychlej\u0161\u00ed,\u201c i kdy\u017e to nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. S rozvojem rizikov\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu maj\u00ed startupy s pen\u011bzi velk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem je z\u00edskat trh. <\/p>\n<p>Ivan se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee <b>rozvinutost aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed infrastruktury je krit\u00e9riem v\u00fdb\u011bru<\/b>. Pokud byly v minulosti provedeny v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 investice a v\u0161e funguje, nem\u00e1 smysl to p\u0159ed\u011bl\u00e1vat. Pokud v\u0161ak infrastruktura nen\u00ed rozvinut\u00e1 a existuj\u00ed probl\u00e9my s n\u00e1stroji, bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed a monitoringem, m\u00e1 smysl pod\u00edvat se na distribuovanou infrastrukturu. <\/p>\n<p>Da\u0148 se bude platit v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, a Ivan by platil tu, kter\u00e1 by mu umo\u017enila v budoucnu platit m\u00e9n\u011b. \u201e<b>Proto\u017ee jen t\u00edm, \u017ee jedu ve vlaku, kter\u00fd poh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed jin\u00ed, dojedu mnohem d\u00e1l, ne\u017e kdybych sedl do jin\u00e9ho vlaku, do kter\u00e9ho bych musel s\u00e1m d\u00e1vat palivo.<\/b>\u201c \u2014 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Ivan. Kdy\u017e je spole\u010dnost nov\u00e1 a po\u017eadavky na latenci jsou des\u00edtky milisekund, Ivan by se d\u00edval sm\u011brem k \u201eoper\u00e1tor\u016fm\u201c, do kter\u00fdch se dnes \u201ezabaluj\u00ed\u201c klasick\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze. Vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed replikaci, kter\u00e1 se sama p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed apod.<\/p>\n<p>Pro malou spole\u010dnost s n\u011bkolika servery v Kubernetes to ned\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl, \u2014 tvrd\u00ed Andrej. Ale pokud pl\u00e1nuje nar\u016fst na stovku server\u016f a v\u00edce, pot\u0159ebuje automatizaci a syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy zdroj\u016f. 90 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f ospravedl\u0148uje n\u00e1klady. P\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nez\u00e1visle na \u00farovni z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee a zdroj\u00edch. V\u0161em, od startup\u016f a\u017e po velk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti s milionov\u00fdm publikem, m\u00e1 smysl postupn\u011b se d\u00edvat sm\u011brem k produkt\u016fm pro orchestraci kontejner\u016f. \u201eAno, to je opravdu budoucnost,\u201c je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den Andrej.<\/p>\n<p>Denis vymezil dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed krit\u00e9ria \u2014 <b>\u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost a spolehlivost provozu.<\/b> Vybere n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 nejl\u00e9pe vyhovuj\u00ed t\u00e9to \u00faloze. \u201eM\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt no-name za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s Nutanix Community Edition, nebo druh\u00e1 linie jako aplikace na Kuber s datab\u00e1z\u00ed na backendu, kter\u00e1 se replikovala a m\u00e1 stanoven\u00e9 parametry RTO a RPO\u201c (c\u00edle \u010dasu obnovy \/ bodu obnovy \u2014 <i>p\u0159\u00edklad<\/i>).<\/p>\n<p>Evgenij pouk\u00e1zal na mo\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m s pracovn\u00edmi silami. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nen\u00ed na trhu mnoho vysoce kvalifikovan\u00fdch specialist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed rozum\u011bj\u00ed \u201evnit\u0159nostem\u201c. Opravu, pokud je zvolen\u00e1 technologie zastaral\u00e1, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 naj\u00edt n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e star\u0161\u00ed unaven\u00e9 lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed se nud\u00ed \u017eivotem. Jin\u00ed v\u0161ak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee to je ot\u00e1zka vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f. <br \/>\nPokud se jedn\u00e1 o v\u00fdb\u011br: spustit malou firmu v Public Cloudu s datab\u00e1zemi v Amazon RDS nebo \u201eon premise\u201c s datab\u00e1zemi v Kubernetes, \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci se rozhodli pro Amazon RDS, i p\u0159es n\u011bkter\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody. <\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina poslucha\u010d\u016f meetupu nen\u00ed z \u201akrvav\u00e9ho\u2018 enterprise sektoru, <b>distribuovan\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je to, co bychom m\u011bli usilovat. Syst\u00e9my ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat by m\u011bly b\u00fdt distribuovan\u00e9, spolehliv\u00e9 a dosahovat latency m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch v jednotk\u00e1ch milisekund, maxim\u00e1ln\u011b des\u00edtk\u00e1ch.<\/b>, \u2013 shrnul Andrey.<\/p>\n<h2>Hodnocen\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed Kubernetes<\/h2>\n<p>\nPoslucha\u010d Anton Zhbankov polo\u017eil ot\u00e1zku-omyl obh\u00e1jc\u016fm Kubernetes: jak se vyb\u00edralo a provedlo technicko-ekonomick\u00e9 zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed? Pro\u010d Kubernetes, pro\u010d ne virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje, nap\u0159\u00edklad? <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Modern\u00ed infrastruktura: probl\u00e9my a perspektivy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/cd179deffb9bf66c3cb12d7ca9ef9244.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@artyana?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Tatyana Eremina na Unsplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Dmitrij a Ivan na to odpov\u011bd\u011bli. V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech metodou pokus\u016f a omyl\u016f byla vyvinuta posloupnost \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, d\u00edky nim\u017e oba \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci p\u0159e\u0161li na Kubernetes. Nyn\u00ed podniky za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed vyv\u00edjet software, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 smysl p\u0159en\u00e9st do Kuber. Nejde o klasick\u00e9 extern\u00ed syst\u00e9my, jako je 1C. Kubernetes pom\u00e1h\u00e1, kdy\u017e v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed rychle prov\u00e1d\u011bt vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9m Continuous Improvement.<\/p>\n<p>Andreyho t\u00fdm se pokou\u0161el vytvo\u0159it \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00fd klastr na z\u00e1klad\u011b virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f. Uzly padaly jako domino, co\u017e ob\u010das vedlo k p\u00e1du clustera. \u201eTeoreticky lze to dokon\u010dit a udr\u017eovat ru\u010dn\u011b, ale je to \u00fanavn\u00e9. A pokud na trhu existuje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje fungovat z krabice, r\u00e1di se k n\u011bmu dostaneme. A proto jsme nakonec p\u0159e\u0161li,\u201c popisuje Andrey.<\/p>\n<p>Standardy pro tento typ anal\u00fdzy a v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f existuj\u00ed, ale nikdo nev\u00ed, jak jsou spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 na re\u00e1ln\u00e9m hardwaru b\u011bhem provozu. Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 porozum\u011bt ka\u017ed\u00e9mu n\u00e1stroji a ekosyst\u00e9mu, ale to je nemo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>Co n\u00e1s \u010dek\u00e1<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Modern\u00ed infrastruktura: probl\u00e9my a perspektivy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/d7843eb5da33c8aa5b444e86b43184d5.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@drew_beamer?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Drew Beamer na Unsplash<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Jakmile technologie pokro\u010dily, objevuje se st\u00e1le v\u00edce roztr\u017een\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, a pot\u00e9 dojde k f\u00e1zov\u00e9mu p\u0159echodu, objev\u00ed se dodavatel, kter\u00fd utratil dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pen\u011bz, aby v\u0161e spojil do jednoho n\u00e1stroje.<\/p>\n<p><b>Nemysl\u00edte si, \u017ee p\u0159ijde okam\u017eik, kdy se objev\u00ed n\u00e1stroj, jak\u00fdm se stala Ubuntu pro sv\u011bt Linuxu?<\/b> Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee jednotn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro kontejnerizaci a orchestraci zahrne tak\u00e9 Kubernetes. S n\u00edm bude snadn\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159et on-premise cloud. <\/p>\n<p>Odpov\u011bd\u011bl Ivan: \u201eGoogle nyn\u00ed buduje Anthos - to je jejich bal\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1 nab\u00eddka, kter\u00e1 nasazuje cloud a zahrnuje Kubernetes, Service Mesh, monitoring - ve\u0161ker\u00e9 vazby pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro mikroslu\u017eby v 'on-premise'. Jsme t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v budoucnosti.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Denis tak\u00e9 zm\u00ednil Nutanix a VMWare s produktem vRealize Suite, kter\u00e9 mohou splnit podobn\u00fd \u00fakol bez kontejnerizace.<\/p>\n<p>Dmitrij sd\u00edlel n\u00e1zor, \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed 'bolesti' a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dan\u011b jsou dv\u011b oblasti, kde lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat zlep\u0161en\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p><b>Shrneme diskusi a vybereme n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9my sou\u010dasn\u00e9 infrastruktury<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u0159i \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci ozna\u010dili probl\u00e9m se stateful.<\/li>\n<li>R\u016fzn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s podporou zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b pravd\u011bpodobnosti, \u017ee v Dockeru skon\u010d\u00ed n\u011bkolik verz\u00ed Pythonu, aplika\u010dn\u00edch server\u016f a komponent.<br \/>\nNadm\u011brn\u00e9 v\u00fddaje, o kter\u00fdch je lep\u0161\u00ed ud\u011blat samostatn\u00fd meetup.<br \/>\nProbl\u00e9m \u0161kolen\u00ed, proto\u017ee orchestrace p\u0159edstavuje slo\u017eit\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m.<br \/>\nCelkov\u00fd probl\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed - pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f k jin\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu.<\/p>\n<p>Ostatn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry jste si ud\u011blejte sami. Zat\u00edm st\u00e1le panuje pocit, \u017ee spojen\u00ed Docker+Kubernetes se jen t\u011b\u017eko stane 'centr\u00e1ln\u00ed' sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed syst\u00e9mu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my se instaluj\u00ed na hardware jako prvn\u00ed, co\u017e nelze \u0159\u00edci o kontejnerech a orchestraci. Mo\u017en\u00e1 v budoucnu dojde k integraci opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f a kontejner\u016f s cloud management softwarem.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Modern\u00ed infrastruktura: probl\u00e9my a perspektivy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/4f90f876985af1b515a9d5a471ba3c74.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Foto od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/@gabrielsantosfotografia?utm_content=attributionCopyText&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=pexels\">Gabriel Santos Fotografia z Pexels<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Dovolte mi, abych t\u00edmto pozdravil maminku a p\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee m\u00e1me facebookovou skupinu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/feedme.ru\/\">\u201eManagement a v\u00fdvoj velk\u00fdch IT projekt\u016f\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>, kan\u00e1l <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/feedmeto\">@feedmeto<\/a><\/noindex> s zaj\u00edmav\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky z r\u016fzn\u00fdch technoblog\u016f. A m\u016fj kan\u00e1l <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/rybakalexey\">@rybakalexey<\/a><\/noindex>, kde vypr\u00e1v\u00edm o \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje ve produktov\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/508018\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u00ab\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b\u00bb. \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, Kubernetes \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0435, \u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c. \u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432, CEO \u00abITSumma\u00bb. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 Kubernetes. \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043e\u0432, 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