{"id":86559,"date":"2020-06-26T19:42:13","date_gmt":"2020-06-26T17:42:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uchebnik-po-simulyatoru-seti-ns-3-glavy-12"},"modified":"2020-06-26T19:42:13","modified_gmt":"2020-06-26T17:42:13","slug":"uchebnik-po-simulyatoru-seti-ns-3-glavy-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uchebnik-po-simulyatoru-seti-ns-3-glavy-12","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edru\u010dka pro simul\u00e1tor s\u00edt\u011b ns-3. Kapitoly 1, 2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek zahajuje s\u00e9rii publikac\u00ed s p\u0159ekladem u\u010debnice \"<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nsnam.org\/docs\/release\/3.30\/tutorial\/ns-3-tutorial.pdf\">ns-3 Tutorial Release ns-3.29<\/a><\/noindex>\" o simul\u00e1toru s\u00edt\u00ed ns-3. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"P\u0159\u00edru\u010dka pro simul\u00e1tor s\u00edt\u011b ns-3. Kapitoly 1, 2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/cddee391ba8763baab6eaa185e081bf6.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tento dokument je p\u0159eklad p\u016fvodn\u00edho dokumentu v angli\u010dtin\u011b, kter\u00fd byl naps\u00e1n v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/docutils.sourceforge.net\/rst.html\">reStructuredText<\/a><\/noindex> pro <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/sphinx.pocoo.org\/\">Sphinx<\/a><\/noindex> a nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v adres\u00e1\u0159i <em>doc\/tutorial<\/em> zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du ns-3.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>1 \u00davod<br \/>\n1.1 O ns-3<br \/>\n1.2 Pro u\u017eivatele ns-2<br \/>\n1.3 \u00da\u010dast v projektu<br \/>\n1.4 Organizace p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky<br \/>\n2 Zdroje informac\u00ed<br \/>\n2.1 S\u00ed\u0165<br \/>\n2.2 Git<br \/>\n2.3 WAF<br \/>\n2.4 V\u00fdvojov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed<br \/>\n2.5 Programov\u00e1n\u00ed socket\u016f<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/497318\/\">kapitola 3<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/497478\/\">kapitola 4<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/498372\/\">kapitola 5<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/500170\/\">kapitola 6<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/507472\/\">kapitola 7<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/507770\/\">kapitoly 8, 9<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/508218\/\">St\u00e1hnout p\u0159eklad jako jeden pdf soubor<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed dokumentace pro projekt ns-3 je k dispozici v p\u011bti form\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dokumentace k API simul\u00e1toru: ns-3 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nsnam.org\/doxygen\/index.html\">Doxygen<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<li>U\u010debnice, p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka a knihovna model\u016f pro <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nsnam.org\/documentation\/latest\/\">posledn\u00ed verzi<\/a><\/noindex> a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nsnam.org\/ns-3-dev\/documentation\/\">v\u00fdvojov\u00e9ho stromu<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nsnam.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\">Wiki<\/a><\/noindex> ns-3.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<h2 id=\"glava-1\">Kapitola 1<\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"predislovie\">\u00davod<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Simul\u00e1tor ns-3 je simul\u00e1tor s\u00edt\u011b s diskr\u00e9tn\u00edmi ud\u00e1lostmi, ur\u010den\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro v\u00fdzkum a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely. Projekt vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed ns-3 byl zah\u00e1jen v roce 2006 a je to projekt s otev\u0159en\u00fdm zdrojem.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>C\u00edlem t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky je p\u0159edstavit ns-3 nov\u00fdm u\u017eivatel\u016fm strukturovan\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Nov\u00e1\u010dkovi m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u011bkdy obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace a p\u0159etvo\u0159it je na funk\u010dn\u00ed modelov\u00e1n\u00ed. V t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edru\u010dce realizujeme n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f modelov\u00e1n\u00ed, b\u011bhem kter\u00fdch ukazujeme a vysv\u011btlujeme kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 koncepty a funkce.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem textu p\u0159edstav\u00edme kompletn\u00ed dokumentaci k ns-3 a d\u00e1me odkazy na zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem o hlub\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na za\u010d\u00e1tku stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku n\u011bkolik kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch bod\u016f:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ns-3 m\u00e1 otev\u0159en\u00fd zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d, projekt usiluje o udr\u017een\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m mohou v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci p\u0159isp\u00edvat a sd\u00edlet sv\u00e9 programov\u00e9 v\u00fdtvory.<\/li>\n<li>ns-3 nen\u00ed zp\u011btn\u011b kompatibiln\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ns-2, je to nov\u00fd simul\u00e1tor. Oba simul\u00e1tory jsou naps\u00e1ny v C++, ale ns-3 je nov\u00fd simul\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd nepodporuje API rozhran\u00ed ns-2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"11-o-ns-3\">1.1 O ns-3<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Simulator ns-3 byl vyvinut jako otev\u0159en\u00e1 roz\u0161i\u0159iteln\u00e1 platforma pro modelov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed, v\u00fdzkum s\u00edt\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, ns-3 poskytuje modely toho, jak jsou implementov\u00e1ny a funguj\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b p\u0159enosu paket\u016f a d\u00e1v\u00e1 u\u017eivatel\u016fm simul\u00e1torov\u00fd engine pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed simula\u010dn\u00edch experiment\u016f. D\u016fvody pro pou\u017eit\u00ed ns-3 mohou zahrnovat situace, kdy je t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st v\u00fdzkum, kter\u00fd je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 nebo nemo\u017en\u00e9 realizovat na skute\u010dn\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, mo\u017enost studovat chov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu ve striktn\u011b kontrolovan\u00e9m a reprodukovateln\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed a tak\u00e9 se dozv\u011bd\u011bt, jak s\u00edt\u011b funguj\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>U\u017eivatel\u00e9 si v\u0161imnou, \u017ee sady model\u016f poskytovan\u00e9 v ns-3 se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na modelov\u00e1n\u00ed internetov\u00fdch protokol\u016f a s\u00edt\u00ed, ale ns-3 nen\u00ed omezen pouze na internetov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my; n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ns-3 k modelov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 nejsou zalo\u017een\u00e9 na internetov\u00fdch technologi\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Existuje mnoho n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro modelov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed. N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny n\u011bkter\u00e9 charakteristick\u00e9 rysy ns-3 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ns-3 byl navr\u017een jako sada knihoven, kter\u00e9 lze kombinovat dohromady, stejn\u011b jako s dal\u0161\u00edmi extern\u00edmi softwarov\u00fdmi knihovnami. Zat\u00edmco n\u011bkter\u00e9 modelovac\u00ed platformy poskytuj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm jednotn\u00e9 integrovan\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed s grafick\u00fdm u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm, kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed ve\u0161kerou \u010dinnost, ns-3 je v tomto ohledu modul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. S ns-3 lze vyu\u017e\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 extern\u00ed anim\u00e1tory, n\u00e1stroje pro anal\u00fdzu dat a vizualizaci. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohou o\u010dek\u00e1vat pr\u00e1ci z p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku a s n\u00e1stroji pro v\u00fdvoj softwaru v C++ a\/nebo Pythonu.<\/li>\n<li>ns-3 se v\u011bt\u0161inou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na syst\u00e9mech Linux nebo macOS, a\u010dkoliv je zde podpora pro syst\u00e9my BSD a tak\u00e9 pro platformy Windows schopn\u00e9 kompilovat k\u00f3d pro Linux, jako je Windows Subsystem pro Linux nebo Cygwin. Nativn\u00ed podpora pro Windows Visual Studio v sou\u010dasnosti nen\u00ed dostupn\u00e1, a\u010dkoli na realizaci t\u00e9to mo\u017enosti pracuje v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159. U\u017eivatel\u00e9 Windows mohou tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj s Linuxem.<\/li>\n<li>ns-3 nen\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u011b podporovan\u00fdm produktem \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Podpora ns-3 je poskytov\u00e1na maxim\u00e1ln\u011b na f\u00f3ru u\u017eivatel\u016f ns-3 (ns-3-users@googlegroups.com).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"12-dlya-polzovateley-ns-2\">1.2 Pro u\u017eivatele ns-2<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou obezn\u00e1meni s ns-2 (popul\u00e1rn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem, kter\u00fd p\u0159edch\u00e1zel ns-3), je nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed viditelnou zm\u011bnou p\u0159i p\u0159echodu na ns-3 zm\u011bna jazyka skript\u016f. Programy v ns-2 jsou naps\u00e1ny v OTcl a v\u00fdsledky simulac\u00ed lze vizualizovat pomoc\u00ed anim\u00e1toru s\u00edt\u00ed nam. V ns-2 nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 spustit simulaci pouze z C++ (to znamen\u00e1 jako hlavn\u00ed program bez jak\u00fdchkoli OTcl). Nav\u00edc n\u011bkter\u00e9 komponenty ns-2 jsou naps\u00e1ny v C++, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 v OTcl. V ns-3 je simul\u00e1tor naps\u00e1n v\u00fdhradn\u011b v C++ s voliteln\u00fdmi vazbami na Python. Proto mohou b\u00fdt skripty simulace naps\u00e1ny jak v C++, tak v Pythonu. Jsou k dispozici nov\u00e9 anim\u00e1tory a vizualiz\u00e1tory, kter\u00e9 se i nad\u00e1le vyv\u00edjej\u00ed. Proto\u017ee ns-3 generuje soubory pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f pcap, mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 pou\u017eity jin\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro anal\u00fdzu tras. V t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edru\u010dce se nejprve zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e implementovan\u00e9 v C++ a interpretaci v\u00fdsledk\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm anal\u00fdzy soubor\u016f trasov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ale existuj\u00ed i podobnosti (nap\u0159\u00edklad oba n\u00e1stroje jsou zalo\u017eeny na objektech C++, \u010d\u00e1st k\u00f3du ns-2 byla portov\u00e1na do ns-3). P\u0159i v\u00fdkladu se pokus\u00edme uk\u00e1zat rozd\u00edly mezi ns-2 a ns-3.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zka, kterou \u010dasto sl\u00fdch\u00e1me: \"M\u011bl bych st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvat ns-2, nebo p\u0159ej\u00edt na ns-3?\" Podle autora, pokud u\u017eivatel nen\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem v\u00e1z\u00e1n na ns-2 (na z\u00e1klad\u011b existuj\u00edc\u00edho osobn\u00edho komfortu a znalosti ns-2, nebo na z\u00e1klad\u011b specifick\u00e9ho simula\u010dn\u00edho modelu, kter\u00fd je dostupn\u00fd pouze v ns-2), pak bude s ns-3 produktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ns-3 je aktivn\u011b podporov\u00e1n s aktivn\u00edm a reaguj\u00edc\u00edm u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm mailing listem, zat\u00edmco ns-2 je podporov\u00e1n jen m\u00edrn\u011b a b\u011bhem v\u00edce ne\u017e deseti let nepro\u0161el \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami ve sv\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed struktu\u0159e k\u00f3du.<\/li>\n<li>ns-3 poskytuje funkce, kter\u00e9 nejsou k dispozici v ns-2, jako je prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed k\u00f3du implementace (umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm spou\u0161t\u011bt v simul\u00e1toru skute\u010dn\u00fd k\u00f3d implementace).<\/li>\n<li>ns-3 zaji\u0161\u0165uje ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 abstrakce ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ns-2, co\u017e mu umo\u017e\u0148uje l\u00e9pe odpov\u00eddat tomu, jak interaguj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. N\u011bkter\u00e9 omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla nalezena v ns-2 (nap\u0159\u00edklad spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 podpora r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f rozhran\u00ed na uzlu) byla opravena v ns-3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>D\u00edky sv\u00e9 dlouh\u00e9 historii m\u00e1 ns-2 rozmanit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sadu podporovan\u00fdch modul\u016f ne\u017e ns-3. P\u0159esto m\u00e1 ns-3 podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed modely v n\u011bkolika popul\u00e1rn\u00edch oblastech v\u00fdzkumu (v\u010detn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fdch model\u016f LTE a WiFi). Jeho podpora k\u00f3du implementace umo\u017e\u0148uje velmi \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum model\u016f s vysokou p\u0159esnost\u00ed. U\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159ekvapeni, kdy\u017e zjist\u00ed, \u017ee cel\u00fd s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd z\u00e1sobn\u00edk Linuxu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zapouzd\u0159en v uzlu ns-3 pomoc\u00ed r\u00e1mce pro p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed k\u00f3du (DCE). Modely z ns-2 lze n\u011bkdy p\u0159en\u00e9st do ns-3, zejm\u00e9na pokud byly implementov\u00e1ny v C++.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pokud si nejste jisti, dobr\u00e9 doporu\u010den\u00ed by bylo pod\u00edvat se na oba simul\u00e1tory (a tak\u00e9 na jin\u00e9 simul\u00e1tory), konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na modely dostupn\u00e9 pro v\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkum, ale m\u011bjte na pam\u011bti, \u017ee va\u0161e v\u00fdsledky mohou b\u00fdt lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00fd se aktu\u00e1ln\u011b aktivn\u011b vyv\u00edj\u00ed a podporuje (ns-3).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"13-uchastie-v-proekte\">1.3 \u00da\u010dast v projektu<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>ns-3 je v\u011bdecko-vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed simul\u00e1tor pro v\u00fdzkumnou komunitu. Bude se op\u00edrat o aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky komunity na v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch model\u016f, lad\u011bn\u00ed nebo podporu st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch a sd\u00edlen\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Existuj\u00ed jist\u00e9 politiky, kter\u00e9, jak douf\u00e1me, povzbud\u00ed lidi, aby p\u0159isp\u011bli do ns-3, jak to d\u011blali pro ns-2:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Licencov\u00e1n\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dem na z\u00e1klad\u011b kompatibility s licenc\u00ed GNU GPLv2.<\/li>\n<li>wiki.<\/li>\n<li>Str\u00e1nka <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pocoo.org\/\">K\u00f3d p\u0159isp\u011bvatel\u016f<\/a><\/noindex>, podobn\u00e1 popul\u00e1rn\u00ed str\u00e1nce pro ns-2.<\/li>\n<li>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed GitLab.com, v\u010detn\u011b syst\u00e9mu sledov\u00e1n\u00ed chyb:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gitlab.com\/nsnam\">https:\/\/www.gitlab.com\/nsnam<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00e1peme, \u017ee pokud tento dokument pr\u00e1v\u011b \u010dtete, mo\u017en\u00e1 v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi nepl\u00e1nujete do n\u011bj p\u0159isp\u011bt. Ale chceme, abyste v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 duchu projektu a \u017ee si v\u00e1\u017e\u00edme va\u0161\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby, i o va\u0161ich ran\u00fdch zku\u0161enostech s ns-3 (nap\u0159\u00edklad: \"tato \u010d\u00e1st u\u010debnice nebyla srozumiteln\u00e1\u2026\"), hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o zastaral\u00e9 dokumentaci nebo koment\u00e1\u0159 v k\u00f3du atd. Preferovan\u00fd zp\u016fsob zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed oprav je bu\u010f ud\u011blat odbo\u010dku (fork) na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gitlab.com\/nsnam\">https:\/\/www.gitlab.com\/nsnam<\/a><\/noindex> s va\u0161imi opravami a vytvo\u0159it \u017e\u00e1dost o slou\u010den\u00ed, nebo vytvo\u0159it \u017e\u00e1dost na na\u0161em trackeru a p\u0159idat patch.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"14-organizaciya-rukovodstva\">1.4 Organizace p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tato p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee nov\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohou zpo\u010d\u00e1tku postupovat, nap\u0159\u00edklad, podle t\u00e9to cesty:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zkusit st\u00e1hnout a sestavit kopii;<\/li>\n<li>Zkusit spustit n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edkladov\u00fdch program\u016f;<\/li>\n<li>Pod\u00edvejte se na v\u00fdsledek simulace a zkuste ho p\u0159izp\u016fsobit.<br \/>\nNakonec jsme se sna\u017eili uspo\u0159\u00e1dat po\u017eadavek podle t\u011bchto krok\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"glava-2\">Kapitola 2<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"istochniki-informacii\">Zdroje informac\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"21-set\">2.1 S\u00ed\u0165<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, o kter\u00fdch by m\u011bl v\u011bd\u011bt ka\u017ed\u00fd u\u017eivatel ns-3. Hlavn\u00ed webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka je dostupn\u00e1 na adrese: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nsnam.org\">https:\/\/www.nsnam.org<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\na poskytuje p\u0159\u00edstup k z\u00e1kladn\u00edm informac\u00edm o syst\u00e9mu ns-3. Podrobn\u00e1 dokumentace je dostupn\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm hlavn\u00ed webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky na adrese: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nsnam.org\/documentation\/\">https:\/\/www.nsnam.org\/documentation\/<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na t\u00e9\u017ee webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce tak\u00e9 najdete dokumenty t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se architektury syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Existuje wiki str\u00e1nka, kter\u00e1 dopl\u0148uje hlavn\u00ed webovou str\u00e1nku ns-3, najdete ji na adrese: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nsnam.org\/wiki\/\">https:\/\/www.nsnam.org\/wiki\/<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tam naleznete odpov\u011bdi na \u010dasto kladen\u00e9 dotazy pro u\u017eivatele a v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e, stejn\u011b jako n\u00e1vody k odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f, extern\u00ed k\u00f3d, dokumenty atd.<br \/>\nZdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d m\u016f\u017eete naj\u00edt a prohl\u00ed\u017eet na GitLab.com:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.com\/nsnam\/\">https:\/\/gitlab.com\/nsnam\/<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V repozit\u00e1\u0159i s n\u00e1zvem <em>ns-3-dev<\/em> se nach\u00e1z\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00e1 v\u011btev. Star\u00e9 verze a experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed repozit\u00e1\u0159e v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f j\u00e1dra m\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 naj\u00edt na Mercurial na star\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce projektu na adrese:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/code.nsnam.org\">http:\/\/code.nsnam.org<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"22-git\">2.2 Git<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Slo\u017eit\u00fdm programov\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm je pot\u0159eba n\u011bjak\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed organizace a zm\u011bn z\u00e1kladn\u00edho k\u00f3du a dokumentace. Existuje mnoho zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak toho dos\u00e1hnout, a mo\u017en\u00e1 jste sly\u0161eli o n\u011bkter\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, kter\u00e9 se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k tomu. Do ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 doby projekt ns-3 pou\u017e\u00edval Mercurial jako syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du, ale v prosinci 2018 jsme p\u0159e\u0161li na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Gitu. I kdy\u017e k p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky nemus\u00edte m\u00edt mnoho znalost\u00ed o Gitu, doporu\u010dujeme se s n\u00edm sezn\u00e1mit a pou\u017e\u00edvat ho pro p\u0159\u00edstup ke zdrojov\u00e9mu k\u00f3du. GitLab.com poskytuje zdroje pro osvojen\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch dovednost\u00ed na adrese: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git-scm.com\/book\/ru\/v2\">https:\/\/git-scm.com\/book\/ru\/v2<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"23-waf\">2.3 WAF<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pot\u00e9, co si st\u00e1hnete zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d na v\u00e1\u0161 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, budete muset k jeho zkompilov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt vhodn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, abyste z\u00edskali pln\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed program. Stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b spr\u00e1vy zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du existuje mnoho n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro tuto funkci. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm z t\u011bchto n\u00e1stroj\u016f je make. A\u010dkoli je tento n\u00e1stroj nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, je tak\u00e9 nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt ve velmi velk\u00e9m a flexibiln\u011b konfigurovateln\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu. To vedlo k v\u00fdvoji mnoha alternativ. Ned\u00e1vno byly vyvinuty tyto syst\u00e9my s vyu\u017eit\u00edm jazyka Python.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V projektu ns-3 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 syst\u00e9m sestaven\u00ed Waf. Je to nov\u00e1 generace syst\u00e9m\u016f sestaven\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fdch na Pythonu. K sestaven\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho syst\u00e9mu ns-3 nemus\u00edte zn\u00e1t Python.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem o podrobnosti o pou\u017eit\u00ed Waf, je k dispozici kniha na adrese:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/waf.io\/book\/\">https:\/\/waf.io\/book\/<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\na aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u00f3d:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.com\/ita1024\/waf\/\">https:\/\/gitlab.com\/ita1024\/waf\/<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"24-sreda-razrabotki\">2.4 V\u00fdvojov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, skripty v ns-3 se prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v C++ nebo Pythonu. V\u011bt\u0161ina API ns-3 je dostupn\u00e1 v Pythonu, ale modely jsou v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ps\u00e1ny v C++. Toto p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee jste obezn\u00e1meni s objektov\u011b orientovan\u00fdm programov\u00e1n\u00edm v C++. B\u011bhem expozice v\u011bnujeme trochu \u010dasu p\u0159ehledu nejpokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch koncept\u016f a mo\u017en\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch aspekt\u016f jazyka, jako jsou idiomy a n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 vzory. Nechceme, aby se tato p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka stala u\u010debnic\u00ed C++, proto o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me z\u00e1kladn\u00ed znalost jazyka. Existuje mnoho zdroj\u016f informac\u00ed o C++ dostupn\u00fdch online nebo v tisku.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pokud jste v C++ nov\u00e1\u010dkem, pak se p\u0159ed pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm nau\u010dte z\u00e1klady jazyka pomoc\u00ed u\u010debnice nebo webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek v\u011bnovan\u00fdch v\u00fduce nebo osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdm recept\u016fm. Nap\u0159\u00edklad zde: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ashtanyuk\/CPP-2018\">https:\/\/github.com\/ashtanyuk\/CPP-2018<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pod Linuxem syst\u00e9m ns-3 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik komponent z n\u00e1stroj\u016f projektu GNU. N\u00e1stroje jsou soubor programovac\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f dostupn\u00fdch v tomto softwarov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Pro rychl\u00fd p\u0159ehled toho, co zahrnuj\u00ed n\u00e1stroje GNU, viz. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNU_toolchain\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNU_toolchain<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Simulator ns-3 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 gcc, GNU binutils a gdb. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me make ani autotools z n\u00e1stroj\u016f GNU pro sestaven\u00ed projektu. Pro tyto funkce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me Waf.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na macOS se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sada n\u00e1stroj\u016f Xcode. U\u017eivatel\u016fm ns-3 na Macu se d\u016frazn\u011b doporu\u010duje nainstalovat Xcode a bal\u00ed\u010dky n\u00e1stroj\u016f p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku z Apple App Store, a tak\u00e9, pro dal\u0161\u00ed informace, nav\u0161t\u00edvit wiki str\u00e1nku o instalaci ns-3: (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nsnam.org\/wiki\/Installation\">https:\/\/www.nsnam.org\/wiki\/Installation<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Obvykle autor ns-3 pracuje v Linuxu nebo v prost\u0159ed\u00ed podobn\u00e9m Unixu. Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed pracuj\u00ed na Windows, existuj\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e1 do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry napodobuj\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed Linux. Pro takov\u00e9 u\u017eivatele projekt ns-3 v minulosti (nikoli v sou\u010dasnosti) podporoval v\u00fdvoj v prost\u0159ed\u00ed Cygwin. Pro podrobnosti o sta\u017een\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed informace o Cygwin a ns-3 nav\u0161tivte wiki str\u00e1nku ns-3:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cygwin.com\/\">http:\/\/www.cygwin.com\/<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>MinGW moment\u00e1ln\u011b nen\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u011b podporov\u00e1n. Dal\u0161\u00ed alternativou Cygwin je instalace virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jako je VMware server, kde lze nainstalovat Linux.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"25-programmirovanie-soketov\">2.5 Programov\u00e1n\u00ed socket\u016f<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edkladech pou\u017eit\u00fdch v t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edru\u010dce budeme vyu\u017e\u00edvat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce API rozhran\u00ed soket\u016f Berkeley (Berkeley Sockets). Pokud jste nov\u00e1\u010dek v soketech, doporu\u010dujeme se sezn\u00e1mit s API a n\u011bkter\u00fdmi b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpady jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed. Jako dobr\u00fd p\u0159ehled programov\u00e1n\u00ed soket\u016f TCP\/IP doporu\u010dujeme: \"TCP\/IP Sockets in C\", Donahoo a Calvert.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Existuje souvisej\u00edc\u00ed webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka, kter\u00e1 obsahuje zdrojov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady z knihy, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete naj\u00edt na adrese:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/cs.baylor.edu\/~donahoo\/practical\/CSockets\/\">http:\/\/cs.baylor.edu\/~donahoo\/practical\/CSockets\/<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pokud rozum\u00edte prvn\u00edm \u010dty\u0159em kapitol\u00e1m knihy (nebo pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup ke kopii knihy, echo klienti a servery zobrazen\u00e9 na webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce na odkazu v\u00fd\u0161e), bude to sta\u010dit k pochopen\u00ed tutori\u00e1lu. Existuje podobn\u00e1 kniha<br \/>\n\"Multicast Sockets, Multicast Sockets\", Makofske a Almeroth.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd budete mo\u017en\u00e1 pot\u0159ebovat, pokud se budete zab\u00fdvat p\u0159\u00edklady mnohosm\u011brn\u00e9ho rozes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed v distribuci.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/497318\/\">kapitola 3<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/497106\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 &quot;ns-3 Tutorial Release ns-3.29&quot; \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 ns-3. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0432 reStructuredText \u0434\u043b\u044f Sphinx \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 doc\/tutorial \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 ns-3. 1 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 1.1 \u041e ns-3 1.2 \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 ns-2 1.3 \u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435 1.4 \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 2 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":86560,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 &quot;ns-3 Tutorial Release.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uchebnik-po-simulyatoru-seti-ns-3-glavy-12\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 ns-3. \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b 1,2 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 &quot;ns-3 Tutorial Release.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uchebnik-po-simulyatoru-seti-ns-3-glavy-12\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-06-26T17:42:13+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-06-26T17:42:13+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47P\u0159\u00edru\u010dka k s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9mu simul\u00e1toru ns-3. 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