{"id":87418,"date":"2020-07-08T01:42:16","date_gmt":"2020-07-07T23:42:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gajd-po-devops-dlya-nachinayushhih"},"modified":"2020-07-08T01:42:16","modified_gmt":"2020-07-07T23:42:16","slug":"gajd-po-devops-dlya-nachinayushhih","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gajd-po-devops-dlya-nachinayushhih","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u016fvodce DevOps pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Jak\u00fd je v\u00fdznam DevOps, co to znamen\u00e1 pro IT specialisty, popis metod, r\u00e1mc\u016f a n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pr\u016fvodce DevOps pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/519136aa266da5031b3def0cbd67d582.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nOd doby, kdy se term\u00edn DevOps ust\u00e1lil v IT sv\u011bt\u011b, se toho hodn\u011b zm\u011bnilo. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina ekosyst\u00e9mu m\u00e1 otev\u0159en\u00fd zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 znovu prozkoumat, pro\u010d to za\u010dalo a co to znamen\u00e1 pro kari\u00e9ru v IT.<\/p>\n<h3>Co je DevOps<\/h3>\n<p>\nA\u010dkoliv neexistuje jedin\u00e9 definice, pova\u017euji DevOps za technologickou strukturu, kter\u00e1 zaji\u0161\u0165uje interakci mezi t\u00fdmy v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f a opera\u010dn\u00edmi t\u00fdmy pro rychlej\u0161\u00ed nasazen\u00ed k\u00f3du v produk\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00edch s mo\u017enost\u00ed opakov\u00e1n\u00ed a automatizace. Zbytek \u010dl\u00e1nku str\u00e1v\u00edme rozborem tohoto prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Slovo \u201eDevOps\u201c je kombinac\u00ed slov \u201ev\u00fdvoj\u201c (development) a \u201eoperace\u201c (operations). DevOps pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zvy\u0161ovat rychlost dod\u00e1n\u00ed aplikac\u00ed a slu\u017eeb. To umo\u017e\u0148uje organizac\u00edm efektivn\u011b obsluhovat sv\u00e9 z\u00e1kazn\u00edky a st\u00e1t se konkurenceschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi na trhu. Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno, DevOps je soulad mezi v\u00fdvojem a IT operacemi s efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed interakc\u00ed a spoluprac\u00ed.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nDevOps p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 takovou kulturu, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 je spolupr\u00e1ce mezi t\u00fdmy v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, oper\u00e1tory a obchodn\u00edmi t\u00fdmy pova\u017eov\u00e1na za kriticky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd aspekt. Nejde pouze o n\u00e1stroje, proto\u017ee DevOps v organizac\u00edch neust\u00e1le p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed prosp\u011bch i z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm. N\u00e1stroje jsou jedn\u00edm z jeho pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f, spolu s lidmi a procesy. DevOps zvy\u0161uje mo\u017enosti organizac\u00ed poskytovat vysoce kvalitn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v co nejkrat\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b. DevOps tak\u00e9 automatizuje v\u0161echny procesy, od sestaven\u00ed po nasazen\u00ed aplikace nebo produktu.<\/p>\n<p>Diskuze o DevOps se zam\u011b\u0159uje na vztahy mezi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i, lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed programuj\u00ed software, a oper\u00e1tory, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou odpov\u011bdn\u00ed za \u00fadr\u017ebu tohoto softwaru.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdzvy pro t\u00fdm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>\nV\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i obvykle s nad\u0161en\u00edm a touhou zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy a technologie k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f organizac\u00ed. P\u0159esto se tak\u00e9 setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi v\u00fdzvami:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Konkurenceschopn\u00fd trh vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed velk\u00fd tlak na v\u010dasn\u00e9 dod\u00e1n\u00ed produktu.<\/li>\n<li>M\u011bli by se starat o spr\u00e1vu k\u00f3du p\u0159ipraven\u00e9ho na v\u00fdrobu a implementaci nov\u00fdch funkc\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Ciklus vyd\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dlouh\u00fd, a proto mus\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd t\u00fdm u\u010dinit n\u011bkolik p\u0159edpoklad\u016f p\u0159ed nasazen\u00edm aplikac\u00ed. V takov\u00e9m sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i je pot\u0159eba v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e1 rezervu na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 se vyskytnou b\u011bhem nasazen\u00ed v produk\u010dn\u00ed nebo testovac\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Probl\u00e9my, se kter\u00fdmi se setk\u00e1v\u00e1 provozn\u00ed t\u00fdm.<\/h3>\n<p>\nProvozn\u00ed t\u00fdmy byly historicky zam\u011b\u0159eny na stabilitu a spolehlivost IT slu\u017eeb. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se provozn\u00ed t\u00fdmy sna\u017e\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout stability prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zm\u011bn v prost\u0159edc\u00edch, technologi\u00edch nebo p\u0159\u00edstupech. Mezi jejich \u00fakoly pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Spr\u00e1va alokace zdroj\u016f v reakci na rostouc\u00ed popt\u00e1vku. <\/li>\n<li>Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn v n\u00e1vrhu nebo nastaven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro implementaci v produk\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Diagnostika a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s produkc\u00ed po samostatn\u00e9m nasazen\u00ed aplikac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Jak DevOps \u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my v\u00fdvoje a operac\u00ed.<\/h3>\n<p>\nM\u00edsto toho, aby nasazovaly velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed funkc\u00ed aplikace najednou, se firmy sna\u017e\u00ed zjistit, zda mohou nasadit mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed funkc\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 z\u00e1kazn\u00edky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm s\u00e9rie iterac\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup m\u00e1 \u0159adu v\u00fdhod, jako je lep\u0161\u00ed kvalita softwaru, rychlej\u0161\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba od z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f atd. To zase zaji\u0161\u0165uje vysokou m\u00edru spokojenosti z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f. Aby toho dos\u00e1hly, mus\u00ed firmy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sn\u00ed\u017eit procento selh\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch verz\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Zv\u00fd\u0161it frekvenci nasazen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Dos\u00e1hnout rychlej\u0161\u00edho pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho doby obnoven\u00ed po vyd\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 verze aplikace.<\/li>\n<li>Zkr\u00e1tit dobu na opravy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDevOps pln\u00ed v\u0161echny tyto \u00fakoly a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zajistit nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Organizace pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed DevOps k dosa\u017een\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed v\u00fdkonnosti, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety byly nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9. Prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed des\u00edtky, stovky a dokonce tis\u00edce nasazen\u00ed denn\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed spolehlivost, stabilitu a bezpe\u010dnost sv\u011btov\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/opensource.com\/article\/19\/3\/devops-most-important-tech-strategy\">(Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o velikosti \u0161ar\u017e\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> a jejich vlivu na dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru).<\/p>\n<p>DevOps se sna\u017e\u00ed vy\u0159e\u0161it r\u016fzn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed v d\u016fsledku pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed metodik minulosti, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Izolovanost \u010dinnosti t\u00fdm\u016f v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f a oper\u00e1tor\u016f <\/li>\n<li>Testov\u00e1n\u00ed a nasazen\u00ed jako samostatn\u00e9 f\u00e1ze, kter\u00e9 se prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed po n\u00e1vrhu a sestaven\u00ed a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed v\u00edce \u010dasu ne\u017e cykly sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Nadm\u011brn\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na testov\u00e1n\u00ed, nasazen\u00ed a n\u00e1vrh nam\u00edsto zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch slu\u017eeb<\/li>\n<li>Ru\u010dn\u00ed nasazen\u00ed k\u00f3du, co\u017e vede k chyb\u00e1m v produkci<\/li>\n<li>Rozd\u00edly v pracovn\u00edch pl\u00e1nech skupin pro v\u00fdvoj a provoz, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje dal\u0161\u00ed zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pr\u016fvodce DevOps pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/efa9f7d0e530abcdb53d2e6168fa112f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Konfrontace DevOps, Agile a tradi\u010dn\u00edho IT<\/h3>\n<p>\nDevOps se \u010dasto diskutuje v souvislosti s jin\u00fdmi IT praktikami, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b s agiln\u00ed a vodop\u00e1dovou IT infrastrukturou.<\/p>\n<p>Agile je soubor princip\u016f, hodnot a metodik v\u00fdroby softwaru. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pokud m\u00e1te my\u0161lenku, kterou chcete p\u0159ev\u00e9st na software, m\u016f\u017eete vyu\u017e\u00edt principy a hodnoty Agile. Ale tento software m\u016f\u017ee fungovat pouze v prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u00fdvoje nebo testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pot\u0159ebujete jednoduch\u00fd a bezpe\u010dn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak rychle a s vysokou opakovatelnost\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et software do produk\u010dn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a to zprost\u0159edkuj\u00ed n\u00e1stroje a metody DevOps. Agiln\u00ed metodologie v\u00fdvoje softwaru se zam\u011b\u0159uje na procesy v\u00fdvoje, zat\u00edmco DevOps m\u00e1 na starosti v\u00fdvoj a nasazen\u00ed \u2013 nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n<p>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed vodop\u00e1dov\u00e9 modely s DevOps je dobr\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak pochopit v\u00fdhody, kter\u00e9 DevOps p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladu se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee aplikace bude spu\u0161t\u011bna za \u010dty\u0159i t\u00fddny, v\u00fdvoj je dokon\u010den z 85 %, aplikace bude spu\u0161t\u011bna a proces n\u00e1kupu server\u016f pro odesl\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du pr\u00e1v\u011b za\u010dal.<\/p>\n<p>Tradi\u010dn\u00ed procesy<br \/>\nProcesy v DevOps<\/p>\n<p>Po objedn\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch server\u016f t\u00fdm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f pracuje na testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Operativn\u00ed skupina pracuje na rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 dokumentaci pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro nasazen\u00ed infrastruktury v podnic\u00edch.<br \/>\nPo zad\u00e1n\u00ed objedn\u00e1vky na nov\u00e9 servery t\u00fdm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f a oper\u00e1tor\u016f spole\u010dn\u011b pracuje na procesech a dokumentaci pro instalaci nov\u00fdch server\u016f. To umo\u017e\u0148uje l\u00e9pe pochopit po\u017eadavky na infrastrukturu.<\/p>\n<p>Informace o obnov\u011b po selh\u00e1n\u00ed, redundanci, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed datov\u00fdch center a po\u017eadavc\u00edch na \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b jsou zkreslen\u00e9, proto\u017ee chyb\u00ed vstupy od v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 hlubok\u00e9 znalosti v oblasti aplikac\u00ed.<br \/>\nPodrobn\u00e9 informace o p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed, redundanci, havarijn\u00ed obnov\u011b, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed datov\u00fdch center a po\u017eadavc\u00edch na \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 d\u00edky p\u0159\u00ednosu v\u00fdvojov\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu.<\/p>\n<p>Opera\u010dn\u00ed skupina nem\u00e1 p\u0159edstavu o pokroku v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu. Tak\u00e9 vypracov\u00e1v\u00e1 pl\u00e1n monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b vlastn\u00edch p\u0159edstav. <\/p>\n<p>Opera\u010dn\u00ed skupina je pln\u011b informov\u00e1na o pokroku, kter\u00e9ho dos\u00e1hl t\u00fdm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Tak\u00e9 spolupracuje s v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm t\u00fdmem a spole\u010dn\u011b vypracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed pl\u00e1n monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd spl\u0148uje IT a obchodn\u00ed pot\u0159eby. Tak\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu aplikac\u00ed (APM).<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00fd test prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159ed spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm aplikace zp\u016fsobuje jej\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e zpo\u017e\u010fuje jej\u00ed nasazen\u00ed.<br \/>\nZ\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00fd test prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159ed spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm aplikace vede k poklesu v\u00fdkonu. T\u00fdm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f rychle odstran\u00ed \u00fazk\u00e1 m\u00edsta a aplikace je spu\u0161t\u011bna v\u010das.<\/p>\n<h3>\u017divotn\u00ed cyklus DevOps<\/h3>\n<p>\nDevOps zahrnuje p\u0159ijet\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch postup\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\nNep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed se op\u00edr\u00e1 o principy \u0161t\u00edhlosti, aby za\u010dalo s n\u011b\u010d\u00edm mal\u00fdm, ur\u010den\u00edm pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a v\u00fdsledk\u016f pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hodnoty podnik\u00e1n\u00ed nebo vize, neust\u00e1lou adaptaci, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pokroku, zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159eb z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f, zm\u011bnu sm\u011bru podle pot\u0159eby s ohledem na obratnost a tak\u00e9 pro aktualizaci obchodn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n<h3>Spole\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj<\/h3>\n<p>\nProces spole\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje umo\u017e\u0148uje firm\u00e1m, v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm t\u00fdm\u016fm a testovac\u00edm t\u00fdm\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou rozpt\u00fdleny nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u010dasov\u00fdmi z\u00f3nami, nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b dod\u00e1vat kvalitn\u00ed software. To zahrnuje multi-platformn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj, podporu programov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch, vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f, n\u00e1vrh n\u00e1pad\u016f a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu. Spole\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj zahrnuje proces a praxi nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 integrace, co\u017e podporuje \u010dastou integraci k\u00f3du a automatickou kompilaci. P\u0159i \u010dast\u00e9m zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed k\u00f3du do aplikace jsou probl\u00e9my s integrac\u00ed odhaleny v ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu (kdy se l\u00e9pe opravuj\u00ed) a celkov\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed o integraci se zkracuje d\u00edky nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazb\u011b, proto\u017ee projekt vykazuje neust\u00e1l\u00fd a jasn\u00fd pokrok.<\/p>\n<h3>Nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\nNep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed sni\u017euje n\u00e1klady na testov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee pom\u00e1h\u00e1 v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm t\u00fdm\u016fm vyv\u00e1\u017eit rychlost a kvalitu. Tak\u00e9 odstra\u0148uje \u00fazk\u00e1 m\u00edsta v testov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edky virtualizaci slu\u017eeb a zjednodu\u0161uje vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed virtualizovan\u00fdch testovac\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e1 lze snadno sd\u00edlet, nasazovat a aktualizovat podle m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edch se syst\u00e9m\u016f. Tyto mo\u017enosti sni\u017euj\u00ed n\u00e1klady na inicializaci a \u00fadr\u017ebu testovac\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zkracuj\u00ed \u010dasov\u00fd cyklus testov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e1d\u011bt integra\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed v ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu.<\/p>\n<h3>Nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a nasazen\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\nTyto metody p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed jednu z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch praktik: nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a nasazen\u00ed. Zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd kan\u00e1l, kter\u00fd automatizuje kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 procesy. Sni\u017euj\u00ed po\u010det ru\u010dn\u00edch operac\u00ed, dobu \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na zdroje a objem p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e1d\u011bt nasazen\u00ed stisknut\u00edm tla\u010d\u00edtka a zaji\u0161\u0165uje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed po\u010det chyb a \u00faplnou transparentnost.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizace hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed stabiln\u00edho a spolehliv\u00e9ho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru. Jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f je p\u0159evz\u00edt ru\u010dn\u00ed procesy, jako je sestaven\u00ed, regrese, nasazen\u00ed a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed infrastruktury, a automatizovat je. K tomu je pot\u0159eba kontrola verz\u00ed zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du; testovac\u00ed a nasazovac\u00ed skripty; informace o infrastruktu\u0159e a konfiguraci aplikac\u00ed; a tak\u00e9 knihovny a bal\u00ed\u010dky, na kter\u00fdch aplikace z\u00e1vis\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem je schopnost dotazovat se na stav v\u0161ech prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd monitoring<\/h3>\n<p>\nNep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd monitoring zaji\u0161\u0165uje vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed podnikov\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed t\u00fdm\u016fm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f porozum\u011bt dostupnosti a v\u00fdkonnosti aplikac\u00ed v produk\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e budou nasazeny do produkce. Rann\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba, kterou poskytuje nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd monitoring, je rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na chyby a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projekt\u016f spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm sm\u011brem. Tato praxe obvykle zahrnuje n\u00e1stroje pro observaci, kter\u00e9 odhaluj\u00ed metriky souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s v\u00fdkonnost\u00ed aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Plynul\u00e1 zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba a optimalizace<\/h3>\n<p>\nNep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e1 zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba a optimalizace zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed toku z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f a p\u0159esn\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed probl\u00e9mov\u00fdch m\u00edst. Zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zahrnuta jak v p\u0159edprodejn\u00ed, tak v post-produk\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1zi pro maximalizaci hodnoty a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho dokon\u010den\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed transakc\u00ed. To v\u0161e poskytuje okam\u017eitou vizualizaci p\u0159\u00ed\u010din probl\u00e9m\u016f z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed a dopad na podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pr\u016fvodce DevOps pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/dbf4a074aee8877a1121ad9f7c13c5d8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdhody DevOps<\/h3>\n<p>\nDevOps m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bt k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i a oper\u00e1to\u0159i pracuj\u00ed jako jeden t\u00fdm na dosa\u017een\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm miln\u00edkem v tomto procesu je zaveden\u00ed kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed integrace a kontinu\u00e1ln\u00edho dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed (CI\/CD). Tyto metodiky umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed t\u00fdm\u016fm rychleji uv\u00e1d\u011bt software na trh s m\u00e9n\u011b chybami.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 v\u00fdhody DevOps pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159edv\u00eddatelnost: DevOps nab\u00edz\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru chybovosti p\u0159i vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch verz\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Udr\u017eovatelnost: DevOps zaji\u0161\u0165uje snadn\u00e9 obnoven\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 verze nebo v\u00fdpadku aplikace.<\/li>\n<li>Reprodukovatelnost: Syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy verz\u00ed pro sestaven\u00ed nebo k\u00f3d umo\u017e\u0148uje obnovit star\u0161\u00ed verze podle pot\u0159eby.<\/li>\n<li>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kvalita: \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f s infrastrukturou zlep\u0161uje kvalitu v\u00fdvoje aplikac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Doba uveden\u00ed na trh: Optimalizace dod\u00e1vky softwaru sni\u017euje dobu uveden\u00ed na trh o 50 %.<\/li>\n<li>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika: Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti v r\u00e1mci \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu softwaru sni\u017euje po\u010det vad b\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu.<\/li>\n<li>Ekonomick\u00e1 efektivita: Usilov\u00e1n\u00ed o ekonomickou efektivitu p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji softwaru t\u011b\u0161\u00ed vrcholov\u00e9 veden\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Odolnost: Softwarov\u00fd syst\u00e9m je stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a zm\u011bny je mo\u017en\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159ovat.<\/li>\n<li>V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladna k\u00f3du je rozd\u011blena na ovladateln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti: DevOps je zalo\u017een na flexibiln\u00edch metod\u00e1ch v\u00fdvoje, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed rozd\u011blit velkou z\u00e1kladnu k\u00f3du na men\u0161\u00ed a zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Principy DevOps<\/h3>\n<p>\nP\u0159ijet\u00ed DevOps vedlo k n\u011bkolika princip\u016fm, kter\u00e9 se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed (a st\u00e1le se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed). V\u011bt\u0161ina dodavatel\u016f \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed si vyvinula sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed modifikace r\u016fzn\u00fdch metodologi\u00ed. V\u0161echny tyto principy vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z integrovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k DevOps a organizace jak\u00e9koli velikosti je mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n<h3>Vyv\u00edjejte a testujte v prost\u0159ed\u00ed podobn\u00e9m produk\u010dn\u00edmu<\/h3>\n<p>\nPodstatou je umo\u017enit t\u00fdm\u016fm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f a specialist\u016f na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kvality (QA) vyv\u00edjet a testovat syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 se chovaj\u00ed jako produk\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, aby mohli vid\u011bt, jak se aplikace chov\u00e1 a funguje d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e je p\u0159ipravena k nasazen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Aplikace by m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159ipojena k produk\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9m\u016fm co nejd\u0159\u00edve v r\u00e1mci \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu, aby se \u0159e\u0161ily t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Za prv\u00e9, to umo\u017e\u0148uje testovat aplikaci v prost\u0159ed\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00e9m re\u00e1ln\u00e9mu. Za druh\u00e9, to umo\u017e\u0148uje testovat a ov\u011b\u0159ovat procesy dod\u00e1n\u00ed aplikace p\u0159edem. Za t\u0159et\u00ed, to umo\u017e\u0148uje opera\u010dn\u00edmu t\u00fdmu brzy v \u017eivotn\u00edm cyklu zkontrolovat, jak se jejich prost\u0159ed\u00ed bude chovat, kdy\u017e budou aplikace nasazeny, \u010d\u00edm\u017e jim to umo\u017en\u00ed vytvo\u0159it jemn\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9, na aplikace orientovan\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Nasazen\u00ed s reprodukovateln\u00fdmi, spolehliv\u00fdmi procesy<\/h3>\n<p>\nTento princip umo\u017e\u0148uje t\u00fdm\u016fm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f a oper\u00e1tor\u016f udr\u017eovat flexibiln\u00ed procesy v\u00fdvoje softwaru po celou dobu \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu. Automatizace je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed iterativn\u00edch, spolehliv\u00fdch a reprodukovateln\u00fdch proces\u016f. Proto by organizace m\u011bla vytvo\u0159it dod\u00e1vkov\u00fd kan\u00e1l, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 automatizovan\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed a testov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010cast\u00e9 nasazov\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje t\u00fdm\u016fm testovat procesy nasazen\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se sni\u017euje riziko selh\u00e1n\u00ed nasazen\u00ed b\u011bhem skute\u010dn\u00fdch uveden\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed a kontrola kvality v\u00fdkonu<\/h3>\n<p>\nOrganizace jsou dobr\u00e9 v monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikac\u00ed v produkci, proto\u017ee maj\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed metriky a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 ukazatele v\u00fdkonnosti (KPI) v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. Tento princip p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed do ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee automatizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed sleduje funk\u010dn\u00ed a nefunk\u010dn\u00ed atributy aplikace v ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch procesu. Kdykoli je aplikace testov\u00e1na a nasazena, m\u011bly by b\u00fdt kvalitativn\u00ed ukazatele zkoum\u00e1ny a analyzov\u00e1ny. N\u00e1stroje monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed v\u010dasn\u00e9 upozorn\u011bn\u00ed na probl\u00e9my souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s provozem a kvalitou, kter\u00e9 mohou vzniknout v pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00fdroby. Tyto ukazatele by m\u011bly b\u00fdt shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny v form\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd je dostupn\u00fd a srozumiteln\u00fd v\u0161em zainteresovan\u00fdm stran\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<h3>Zlep\u0161en\u00ed cykl\u016f zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby<\/h3>\n<p>\nJedn\u00edm z c\u00edl\u016f proces\u016f DevOps je umo\u017enit organizac\u00edm rychleji reagovat a prov\u00e1d\u011bt zm\u011bny. P\u0159i dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru tento c\u00edl vy\u017eaduje, aby organizace z\u00edsk\u00e1vala zp\u011btnou vazbu ji\u017e v ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi, a pot\u00e9 rychle se u\u010dila z ka\u017ed\u00e9ho proveden\u00e9ho kroku. Tento princip vy\u017eaduje, aby organizace vytv\u00e1\u0159ely komunika\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdm stran\u00e1m m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup a interagovat na z\u00e1klad\u011b zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby. V\u00fdvoj m\u016f\u017ee vych\u00e1zet z \u00fapravy sv\u00fdch projektov\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f nebo priorit. V\u00fdroba m\u016f\u017ee jednat zlep\u0161en\u00edm v\u00fdrobn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Dev<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/b> Kanboard, Wekan a dal\u0161\u00ed alternativy Trello; GitLab, Tuleap, Redmine a dal\u0161\u00ed alternativy JIRA; Mattermost, Roit.im, IRC a dal\u0161\u00ed alternativy Slack. <\/li>\n<li><b>Psan\u00ed k\u00f3du:<\/b> Git, Gerrit, Bugzilla; Jenkins a dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroje s otev\u0159en\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dem pro CI\/CD.<\/li>\n<li><b>Sestaven\u00ed:<\/b> Apache Maven, Gradle, Apache Ant, Packer.<\/li>\n<li><b>Testy:<\/b> JUnit, Cucumber, Selenium, Apache JMeter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ops <\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, nasazen\u00ed, operace:<\/b> Kubernetes, Nomad, Jenkins, Zuul, Spinnaker, Ansible, Apache ZooKeeper, etcd, Netflix Archaius, Terraform.<\/li>\n<li><b>Monitoring:<\/b> Grafana, Prometheus, Nagios, InfluxDB, Fluentd a dal\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou pokryty v t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edru\u010dce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<i>(* N\u00e1stroje pro operace byly o\u010d\u00edslov\u00e1ny podle pou\u017eit\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edmi t\u00fdmy, ale jejich n\u00e1strojov\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna se p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1 s n\u00e1stroji f\u00e1ze \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu pro vyd\u00e1n\u00ed a nasazen\u00ed. Pro p\u0159ehlednost byla \u010d\u00edsla odstran\u011bna.)<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>Na z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n<p>\nDevOps je st\u00e1le popul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodologie, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je spojit v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e a oper\u00e1tory do jednoho celku. Je unik\u00e1tn\u00ed, odli\u0161uje se od tradi\u010dn\u00edch IT operac\u00ed a dopl\u0148uje Agile (ale nen\u00ed tak flexibiln\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pr\u016fvodce DevOps pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/270640805d10c24a189b1cb4af916488.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nZjist\u011bte podrobnosti, jak z\u00edskat \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed od nuly nebo Level Up v dovednostech a platu, absolvov\u00e1n\u00edm placen\u00fdch online kurz\u016f SkillFactory:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/devops?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=DEVOPS&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=06072003\">Kurz DevOps<\/a><\/noindex> (12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>                        <b class=\"spoiler_title\">dal\u0161\u00ed kurzy<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/ml-programma-machine-learning-online?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=ML&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=06072003\">Kurz strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> (12 t\u00fddn\u016f)<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/data-scientist?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=DST&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=06072003\">Vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed v oboru Data Science od nuly<\/a><\/noindex> (12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f)<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/analytics?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=SDA&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=06072003\">Profese analytika s jakoukoli v\u00fdchoz\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> (9 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f)<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/skillfactory.ru\/python-for-web-developers?utm_source=infopartners&amp;utm_medium=habr&amp;utm_campaign=PWS&amp;utm_term=regular&amp;utm_content=06072003\">Kurz \"Python pro webov\u00fd v\u00fdvoj\"<\/a><\/noindex> (9 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>U\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/503196\/\">450 bezplatn\u00fdch kurz\u016f od Ivy League<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/508450\/\">Trendy v Data Science 2020<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/508556\/\">Data Science zem\u0159ela. A\u0165 \u017eije Business Science.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/506790\/\">Data Science na steroidech: sezn\u00e1men\u00ed s Decision Intelligence.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/503504\/\">Nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejkontroverzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed projekt Data Science: Cambridge Analytica<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skillfactory\/blog\/509344\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c DevOps, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0418\u0422-\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d DevOps \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 IT-\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435. \u0421 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0432 IT. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 DevOps \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":87419,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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