{"id":88905,"date":"2020-07-16T07:42:06","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T05:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu"},"modified":"2020-07-16T07:42:06","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T05:42:06","slug":"apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","title":{"rendered":"Apache & Nginx. Jsou spojeny jedn\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzcem","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Jak je implementov\u00e1na kombinace Apache & Nginx v Timeweb<\/i><\/p>\n

Pro mnoho spole\u010dnost\u00ed je kombinace Nginx + Apache + PHP velmi b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1, a Timeweb zde nen\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou. P\u0159esto m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pochopit, jak p\u0159esn\u011b je implementov\u00e1na. <\/p>\n

\"Apache
\n
\nPou\u017eit\u00ed takov\u00e9 kombinace je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ur\u010deno pot\u0159ebami na\u0161ich klient\u016f. Jak Nginx, tak Apache hraj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed roli, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd pln\u00ed specifick\u00fd \u00fakol.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed Apache<\/b> se prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v konfigura\u010dn\u00edch souborech samotn\u00e9ho Apache, zat\u00edmco nastaven\u00ed pro klientsk\u00e9 weby prob\u00edh\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm souboru .htaccess<\/b>. .htaccess je konfigura\u010dn\u00ed soubor, ve kter\u00e9m si klient m\u016f\u017ee s\u00e1m nastavit pravidla a chov\u00e1n\u00ed webov\u00e9ho serveru. Toto nastaven\u00ed se bude vztahovat konkr\u00e9tn\u011b k jeho webu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad d\u00edky funkcionalit\u011b Apache mohou u\u017eivatel\u00e9 m\u011bnit re\u017eim pr\u00e1ce v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9 verze PHP z mod_php na mod_cgi; mohou nastavovat p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, optimalizaci pro SEO, p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 URL, n\u011bkter\u00e9 limity pro PHP.<\/p>\n

Nginx<\/b> se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako proxy server pro p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu na Apache a jako webov\u00fd server<\/a> pro dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed statick\u00e9ho obsahu. Tak\u00e9 pro Nginx jsme vyvinuli bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed moduly, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed data na\u0161ich u\u017eivatel\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad rozd\u011blen\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. <\/p>\n

P\u0159edstavme si, \u017ee n\u011bjak\u00fd u\u017eivatel nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00ed web na\u0161eho klienta. Nejprve se u\u017eivatel dostane na Nginx, kter\u00fd dod\u00e1v\u00e1 statick\u00fd obsah. To se d\u011bje okam\u017eit\u011b. Pak, kdy\u017e dojde na na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed PHP, Nginx p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1v\u00e1 po\u017eadavek na Apache. A Apache spole\u010dn\u011b s PHP generuje dynamick\u00fd obsah.<\/p>\n

Specifika kombinace Apache & Nginx v Timeweb <\/h3>\n

\nNa na\u0161em virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm hostingu jsou implementov\u00e1ny 2 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sch\u00e9mata pr\u00e1ce Apache & Nginx: Shared a Dedicated<\/b>.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nSch\u00e9ma Shared<\/b><\/p>\n

Toto sch\u00e9ma se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro v\u011bt\u0161inu u\u017eivatel\u016f. Vyzna\u010duje se jednoduchost\u00ed a \u00faspornost\u00ed: sch\u00e9ma Shared vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b zdroj\u016f, a t\u00edm je jeho tarif levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Podle tohoto sch\u00e9matu je na serveru spu\u0161t\u011bn jeden Nginx, kter\u00fd obsluhuje v\u0161echny u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 po\u017eadavky, a n\u011bkolik instanc\u00ed Apache.<\/p>\n

Sch\u00e9ma Shared se dlouho zdokonalovalo: postupn\u011b jsme opravovali nedostatky. Je pohodln\u00e9, \u017ee ji lze realizovat bez nutnosti upravovat zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nsch\u00e9ma Shared <\/i><\/p>\n

Sch\u00e9ma Dedicated<\/b><\/p>\n

Dedicated vy\u017eaduje v\u00edce zdroj\u016f, proto je jej\u00ed tarif dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed pro klienty. V Dedicated sch\u00e9matu se pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho klienta zved\u00e1 jeho vlastn\u00ed, odd\u011blen\u00fd Apache. Zdroje jsou zde rezervov\u00e1ny pro klienta a jsou vyhrazeny exkluzivn\u011b. Jak to funguje: na serveru je n\u011bkolik verz\u00ed PHP. Podporujeme verze 5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem je pro ka\u017edou verzi PHP spu\u0161t\u011bn vlastn\u00ed Apache.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nsch\u00e9ma Dedicated<\/i><\/p>\n

Bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 z\u00f3na. Nastaven\u00ed z\u00f3n v Nginx<\/h3>\n

\nD\u0159\u00edve jsme pro Nginx pou\u017e\u00edvali mnoho z\u00f3n sd\u00edlen\u00e9 pam\u011bti (zone) \u2013 jeden blok server na jeden dom\u00e9nu. Takov\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed vy\u017eaduje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zdroj\u016f, proto\u017ee pro ka\u017ed\u00fd web je vytvo\u0159ena samostatn\u00e1 z\u00f3na. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v nastaven\u00edch Nginx je v\u011bt\u0161ina web\u016f podobn\u00e1, proto je mo\u017en\u00e9 je um\u00edstit do jedn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny d\u00edky pou\u017eit\u00ed direktivy map v modulu ngx_http_map_module<\/b>, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje nastavit odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, m\u00e1me \u0161ablonu z\u00f3ny, do kter\u00e9 mus\u00edme dod\u00e1vat prom\u011bnn\u00e9: cesta k webu, verze PHP, u\u017eivatel. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se zrychlilo na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed konfigurace Nginx, tedy reload.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00e1 konfigurace v\u00fdrazn\u011b u\u0161et\u0159ila zdroje opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti a zrychlila pr\u00e1ci Nginx.<\/p>\n

Reload neprob\u011bhne! <\/h3>\n

\nVe sch\u00e9matu Shared jsme se zbavili nutnosti restartu (reload) Apache p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u00e1ch v nastaven\u00edch web\u016f. D\u0159\u00edve, kdy\u017e cht\u011bl jeden klient p\u0159idat dom\u00e9nu nebo zm\u011bnit verzi PHP, byl nezbytn\u00fd povinn\u00fd reload Apache, co\u017e vedlo k prodlev\u00e1m v odpov\u011bd\u00edch a negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovalo v\u00fdkon web\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zbavili jsme se reload\u016f vytvo\u0159en\u00edm dynamick\u00fdch konfigurac\u00ed. D\u00edky mpm-itk<\/a><\/noindex> (modul Apache), ka\u017ed\u00fd proces b\u011b\u017e\u00ed pod samostatn\u00fdm u\u017eivatelem, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje \u00farove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti. Tento zp\u016fsob umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et z Nginx do Apache2 data o u\u017eivateli a jeho document_root. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem Apache neobsahuje konfiguraci web\u016f, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 je dynamicky a reloady ji\u017e nejsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nKonfigurace sch\u00e9matu Shared<\/i> <\/p>\n

A co Docker?<\/h3>\n

\nMnoho spole\u010dnost\u00ed p\u0159e\u0161lo na syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na kontejnerech. Timeweb nyn\u00ed zva\u017euje mo\u017enost takov\u00e9ho p\u0159echodu. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, v ka\u017ed\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed lze naj\u00edt klady a z\u00e1pory. <\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e containerov\u00e1 technologie p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nepopirateln\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, u\u017eivatel m\u00e1 k dispozici m\u00e9n\u011b zdroj\u016f. V Timeweb d\u00edky popsan\u00e9 struktu\u0159e hostingu nejsou u\u017eivatel\u00e9 omezeni v opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti. Z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00edce zdroj\u016f ne\u017e v kontejnerech. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee u\u017eivatel nahr\u00e1t v\u00edce modul\u016f Apache.<\/p>\n

Timeweb hostuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 500 000 web\u016f. Neseme velkou odpov\u011bdnost a neprov\u00e1d\u00edme okam\u017eit\u00e9, neopodstatn\u011bn\u00e9 zm\u011bny ve slo\u017eit\u00e9 architektu\u0159e. Kombinace Apache & Nginx je spolehliv\u00e1 a prov\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 \u010dasem. My se zase sna\u017e\u00edme dos\u00e1hnout maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkonnosti d\u00edky unik\u00e1tn\u00edm konfigurac\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Pro kvalitn\u00ed a rychl\u00fd provoz velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu web\u016f je t\u0159eba vyu\u017e\u00edvat \u0161ablonov\u00e9 a dynamick\u00e9 konfigurace Apache a Nginx. To umo\u017e\u0148uje snadnou a rychlou administraci velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu podobn\u00fdch server\u016f.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 Apache & Nginx \u0432 Timeweb \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 Nginx + Apache + PHP \u2014 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430, \u0438 Timeweb \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0418 Nginx \u0438 Apache \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":88906,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-88905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Apache & Nginx. Spjaty jedn\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzcem | ProHoster","description":"Jak je realizov\u00e1na kombinace Apache & Nginx v Timewebu. Pro mnoh\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti je Nginx + Apache + PHP velmi typick\u00e1 a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 kombinace, a Timeweb nen\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Apache & Nginx. \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044c\u044e | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 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