{"id":89145,"date":"2020-07-19T07:42:25","date_gmt":"2020-07-19T05:42:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ne-tolko-razmer-imeet-znachenie-ili-chto-nam-prines-novyj-protokol-nvme"},"modified":"2020-07-19T07:42:25","modified_gmt":"2020-07-19T05:42:25","slug":"ne-tolko-razmer-imeet-znachenie-ili-chto-nam-prines-novyj-protokol-nvme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ne-tolko-razmer-imeet-znachenie-ili-chto-nam-prines-novyj-protokol-nvme","title":{"rendered":"Nejen velikost m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam, nebo co n\u00e1m p\u0159inesl nov\u00fd protokol NVMe","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Jakmile se objevuj\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, jakmile roste v\u00fdkon procesor\u016f a kapacita \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165, u\u017eivatel si s \u00falevou oddechne \u2013 \u201ete\u010f mi v\u0161e bude sta\u010dit, nemus\u00edm se u\u017e omezovat a \u0161et\u0159it\u201c, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 hned se objevuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 pot\u0159eby, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce zdroj\u016f, nov\u00fd software, kter\u00fd si tak\u00e9 \u201eneodp\u00edr\u00e1 nic\u201c. V\u011b\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Nekone\u010dn\u00fd cyklus. A nekone\u010dn\u00e9 hled\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Cloudov\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, neuronov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence \u2013 je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit, jak obrovsk\u00e9 zdroje tyto technologie vy\u017eaduj\u00ed. Ale nezoufejme, pro jak\u00fdkoli \u00fakol se d\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji najde \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Nejen<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z takov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed byl protokol NVM-express, kter\u00fd, jak \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed odborn\u00edci, zp\u016fsobil revoluci ve vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti typu SSD. Co vlastn\u011b NVMe je a jak\u00e9 v\u00fdhody p\u0159inesl?
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Rychlost pr\u00e1ce po\u010d\u00edta\u010de do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00e1vis\u00ed na rychlosti \u010dten\u00ed dat z \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 a rychlosti zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f. Jak v\u00fdkonn\u00fd by cel\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m nebyl, m\u016f\u017ee ho zcela zbrzdit oby\u010dejn\u00fd pevn\u00fd disk, kter\u00fd zpomaluje programy p\u0159i otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u201ap\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed\u2018 p\u0159i vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed objemn\u00fdch \u00faloh. Nemluv\u011b o tom, \u017ee HDD prakticky vy\u010derpal sv\u016fj potenci\u00e1l zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed kapacity pro uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed a proto se stal bezperspektivn\u00edm. Mechanick\u00e9 disky u\u017e d\u00e1vno zastaraly a brzdily rozvoj po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

A tak m\u00edsto HDD p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed SSD \u2013 pevn\u00e9 disky, energeticky nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 nem\u011bnn\u00e9 pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed SSD disky se objevily na trhu ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 2000. let. Pom\u011brn\u011b brzy za\u010daly sout\u011b\u017eit s pevn\u00fdmi disky co do kapacity. Ale pln\u011b odhalit sv\u016fj potenci\u00e1l a v\u00fdhody v rychlosti, paraleln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupu k bu\u0148k\u00e1m nemohly dlouho, proto\u017ee st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed rozhran\u00ed a protokoly byly postaveny na star\u00fdch standardech, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly podporovat HDD p\u0159es rozhran\u00ed SATA a je\u0161t\u011b star\u0161\u00ed SCSI (SAS).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm krokem k odhalen\u00ed potenci\u00e1lu energie nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 pam\u011bti byl p\u0159echod na PCI-express sb\u011brnice. Pro ty nebyly v t\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b vyvinuty nov\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 standardy. A tak v roce 2012 jsou uvedeny prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, kter\u00e9 realizuj\u00ed protokol NVM-express.<\/p>\n

Je hned t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee NVMe nen\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ani rozhran\u00ed pro jeho p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. Je to protokol, p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno \u2013 specifikace protokolu pro v\u00fdm\u011bnu dat. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nProto spojen\u00ed \u201eNVMe disk\u201c nen\u00ed zcela p\u0159esn\u00e9, a srovn\u00e1n\u00ed typu \u201eHDD \u2013 SSD \u2013 NVMe\u201c je naprosto chybn\u00e9 a klame u\u017eivatele, kter\u00fd se teprve seznamuje s touto t\u00e9matikou. Spr\u00e1vn\u011b srovn\u00e1vat HDD se SSD na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b, SSD p\u0159ipojen\u00fd p\u0159es rozhran\u00ed SATA (podle protokolu AHCI) a SSD p\u0159ipojen\u00fd p\u0159es PCI-express sb\u011brnici s pou\u017eit\u00edm protokolu NVM-express na stran\u011b druh\u00e9. Srovn\u00e1vat HDD se SSD u\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zaj\u00edm\u00e1 m\u00e1lokoho. V\u0161ichni ch\u00e1pou rozd\u00edl a v\u0161em jsou dob\u0159e zn\u00e1my v\u00fdhody posledn\u00edho. Snad jen zm\u00ednit n\u011bkter\u00e9 (velmi v\u00fdrazn\u00e9) v\u00fdhody. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pevn\u00fdmi disky maj\u00ed SSD disky men\u0161\u00ed rozm\u011br a hmotnost, jsou bezhlu\u010dn\u00e9, a \u00fapln\u00e9 absence mechanick\u00fdch pohon\u016f je \u010din\u00ed mnohem odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi v\u016f\u010di po\u0161kozen\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i p\u00e1du) a tak\u00e9 jednodu\u0161e zvy\u0161uje jejich \u017eivotnost.<\/p>\n

Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed SSD se starou sb\u011brnic\u00ed a star\u00fdm protokolem a SSD na sb\u011brnici PCIe s protokolem NVMe bezpochyby p\u0159edstavuje mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jem a bude u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 v\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed b\u00fdt v obraze s novinkami, t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed koupit nov\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, a dokonce t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad hledaj\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed hosting.<\/p>\n

Rozhran\u00ed SATA, jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, bylo navr\u017eeno pro pevn\u00e9 disky, jejich\u017e hlavy mohou fyzicky p\u0159istupovat pouze k jedn\u00e9 bu\u0148ce najednou. Nen\u00ed tedy p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee SATA za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed maj\u00ed pouze jeden kan\u00e1l. Pro SSD je to \u017ealoost, proto\u017ee jednou z jejich v\u00fdhod je podpora paraleln\u00edch tok\u016f. Ovlada\u010d SSD tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e je dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdhoda. Sb\u011brnice PCI-express zaji\u0161\u0165uje v\u00edc kan\u00e1lov\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed, zat\u00edmco protokol NVMe tuto v\u00fdhodu implementuje. V d\u016fsledku toho jsou data ulo\u017een\u00e1 na SSD p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ena prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm 65 536 paraleln\u00edch \u0159ad \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee sou\u010dasn\u011b obsahovat v\u00edce ne\u017e 65 536 p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed: SATA a SCSI mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze jednu frontu, kter\u00e1 podporuje a\u017e 32 a a\u017e 254 p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f podle po\u0159ad\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho star\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pro proveden\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkazu dvoj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti, zat\u00edmco NVMe se to poda\u0159\u00ed ud\u011blat najednou.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou je pr\u00e1ce s p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00edm. Protokol NVMe byl vyvinut pro modern\u00ed platformy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edcej\u00e1drov\u00e9 procesory. Proto obsahuje paraleln\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed tok\u016f a optimalizovan\u00fd mechanismus pro pr\u00e1ce s frontami a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje dos\u00e1hnout vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b v\u00fdkonu. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, kdy\u017e se objev\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prioritou, jeho prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 rychleji.<\/p>\n

R\u016fzn\u00e9 testy, kter\u00e9 provedly r\u016fzn\u00e9 organizace a odborn\u00edci, dokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee rychlost pr\u00e1ce SSD NVMe je pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 5kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159i p\u0159ipojen\u00ed SSD p\u0159es star\u00e1 rozhran\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Te\u010f o tom, zda jsou SSD realizovan\u00e9 na PCIe s protokolem NVMe p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 v\u0161em. A nejde jen o cenu. V sou\u010dasnosti je takov\u00e1 realizace st\u00e1le v\u00fdrazn\u011b dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed, i kdy\u017e ceny po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch komponent\u016f, jak je zn\u00e1mo, jsou na za\u010d\u00e1tku prodeje vysok\u00e9 a maj\u00ed tendenci docela rychle klesat.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00e1 se o konstruk\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, to, co se v odborn\u00e9m jazyce obvykle naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \"form\u00e1tov\u00fdm faktorem\"<\/b>. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, v jak\u00e9 podob\u011b jsou tyto sou\u010d\u00e1sti vyr\u00e1b\u011bny v\u00fdrobci. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b existuj\u00ed na trhu t\u0159i form\u00e1ty<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\"Nejen<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed<\/b> To se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201eNVMe SSD\u201c. Jedn\u00e1 se o roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed kartu, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159ipojuje do stejn\u00fdch slot\u016f jako grafick\u00e1 karta. Pro notebook tak nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e1. Ov\u0161em stejn\u011b tak pro mnoho stoln\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, proto\u017ee st\u00e1le v\u00edce z nich je sestavov\u00e1no na kompaktn\u00edch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch desk\u00e1ch, kde b\u00fdv\u00e1 slot\u016f PCIe \u010dasto jen dva nebo dokonce jeden (kter\u00fd obvykle obsazuje grafick\u00e1 karta).<\/p>\n

\"Nejen<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd form\u00e1t<\/b> \u2014 U2. Vzhledem p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u00fd pevn\u00fd disk, ale je mnohem men\u0161\u00ed. U2 se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na serverech, tak\u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00fd u\u017eivatel by si ho pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nem\u011bl po\u0159izovat.<\/p>\n

\"Nejen<\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed je M2<\/b>. Je to nejv\u00edce se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed form\u00e1t. Aktivn\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v notebooc\u00edch a od ned\u00e1vna je ji\u017e realizov\u00e1n i na n\u011bkter\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch desk\u00e1ch pro stoln\u00ed PC. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pokud si po\u0159izujete M2, je t\u0159eba b\u00fdt velmi opatrn\u00fd, proto\u017ee v tomto form\u00e1tu se st\u00e1le vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed i SATA SSD.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, opatrnost je pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 i p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed smysluplnosti po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoliv z uveden\u00fdch form\u00e1t\u016f. Nejd\u0159\u00edve je t\u0159eba zhodnotit, zda v\u00e1\u0161 notebook nebo z\u00e1kladn\u00ed deska PC maj\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 sloty. A i kdy\u017e jsou, je dostate\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdkonn\u00fd procesor ve va\u0161em po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, proto\u017ee slab\u00fd procesor v\u00e1m stejn\u011b neposkytne v\u00fdhody SSD. Pokud toto v\u0161echno m\u00e1te a nav\u00edc \u010dasto manipulujete s velk\u00fdmi objemy dat, bezpochyby NVMe SSD je to, co pot\u0159ebujete.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b reklamy<\/h4>\n

\nVDS s NVMe SSD<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 to jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed servery od na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.
\nU\u017e dlouho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me v\u00fdhradn\u011b rychl\u00e9 serverov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b od Intelu, na hardwaru ne\u0161et\u0159\u00edme, pouze zna\u010dkov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a jedno z nejlep\u0161\u00edch datov\u00fdch center v Rusku a EU. Nev\u00e1hejte a zkontrolujte \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n

\"Nejen<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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