{"id":89721,"date":"2020-07-25T19:42:21","date_gmt":"2020-07-25T17:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej"},"modified":"2020-07-25T19:42:21","modified_gmt":"2020-07-25T17:42:21","slug":"booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej","title":{"rendered":"booty — n\u00e1stroj pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edch obraz\u016f a \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Byla p\u0159edstavena aplikace Booty<\/a><\/noindex>, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje jedn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkazem vytv\u00e1\u0159et zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed obrazy initrd, ISO soubory nebo za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 obsahuj\u00ed jakoukoli distribuci GNU\/Linux. K\u00f3d je naps\u00e1n v POSIX shell a distribuov\u00e1no<\/a><\/noindex> distribuov\u00e1n pod licenc\u00ed GPLv3. <\/p>\n

V\u0161echny distribuce zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed Booty funguj\u00ed bu\u010f v SHMFS (tmpfs), nebo v SquashFS + Overlay FS, podle volby u\u017eivatele. Distribuce se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jednou a p\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed se vyb\u00edraj\u00ed parametry, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010dist\u00fd tmpfs jako ko\u0159en, nebo kombinaci Overlay FS + SquashFS s zapisov\u00e1n\u00edm zm\u011bn do tmpfs. Existuje mo\u017enost p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u011b zkop\u00edrovat zav\u00e1d\u011bnou distribuci do RAM, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje odpojit USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed po zaveden\u00ed a zkop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed distribuce do pam\u011bti.<\/p>\n

V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b Booty generuje vlastn\u00ed initrd obraz, ve kter\u00e9m mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity vestav\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje z aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu nebo busybox. Existuje mo\u017enost zahrnout (zabalit) celou distribuci nainstalovanou ve adres\u00e1\u0159i do initramfs (chroot). To m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9, pokud je t\u0159eba aktualizovat syst\u00e9m pomoc\u00ed kexec: jednodu\u0161e restartovat initrd s nov\u00fdm j\u00e1drem a nov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem uvnit\u0159 initrd.<\/p>\n

Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed Booty-specifick\u00e9ho initrd obrazu:<\/p>\n

mkdir initramfs\/
\n mkinitramfs initramfs\/ \u2014output initrd<\/p>\n

Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed obrazu initrd se zahrnut\u00edm distribuce z adres\u00e1\u0159e \u201egentoo\/\u201c:<\/p>\n

mkdir initramfs\/
\n mkinitramfs initramfs\/ \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014cpio \u2014output initrd<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9 je tento initrd obraz zcela p\u0159ipraven k zaveden\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm PXE nebo pomoc\u00ed kexec.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1le Booty generuje obrazy s syst\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd je uveden jako \u201eoverlay\u201c. Nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017eete nainstalovat (rozbalit archiv) podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd Gentoo do samostatn\u00e9ho adres\u00e1\u0159e, po jeho\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed bude pomoc\u00ed Booty vygenerov\u00e1n cpio-archiv nebo SquashFS obraz s t\u00edmto syst\u00e9mem. Tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete v samostatn\u00e9m adres\u00e1\u0159i prov\u00e9st konfiguraci distribuce a do dal\u0161\u00edho adres\u00e1\u0159e zkop\u00edrovat osobn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed. V\u0161echny tyto \u201evrstvy\u201c budou postupn\u011b na\u010dteny jedna nad druhou a vytvo\u0159\u00ed jednotn\u00fd pracovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

mkdir initramfs\/
\n mkinitramfs initramfs\/ \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014overlay settings\/ \u2014overlay documents\/ \u2014squashfs \u2014output initrd<\/p>\n

Nakonec Booty umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed ISO obrazy a USB, HDD, SSD a dal\u0161\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, instaluj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fd syst\u00e9m z obraz\u016f. Booty<\/a><\/noindex> podporuje vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed bootovac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f BIOS a UEFI. Podporov\u00e1ny jsou bootloader GRUB2 a SYSLINUX. Bootloadery lze kombinovat, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro bootov\u00e1n\u00ed v BIOSu pou\u017e\u00edt SYSLINUX a pro UEFI \u2014 GRUB2. Pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ISO-obraz\u016f bude nav\u00edc pot\u0159eba bal\u00ed\u010dek cdrkit (genisoimage) nebo xorriso (xorrisofs), podle v\u00fdb\u011bru.<\/p>\n

Jedin\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bude pot\u0159eba, je p\u0159edem p\u0159ipravit j\u00e1dro (vmlinuz) pro bootov\u00e1n\u00ed. Autor (Spoofing) doporu\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edt \u201emake defconfig\u201c. P\u0159ed vytvo\u0159en\u00edm obrazu je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ipravit adres\u00e1\u0159, do kter\u00e9ho vlo\u017e\u00edte j\u00e1dro vmlinuz a p\u0159edem p\u0159ipraven\u00fd \u201epr\u00e1zdn\u00fd\u201c initrd, vytvo\u0159en\u00fd v prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladu.<\/p>\n

mkdir iso\/
\n cp \/boot\/vmlinuz-* iso\/boot\/vmlinuz
\n cp initrd iso\/boot\/initrd<\/p>\n

T\u00edmto je p\u0159\u00edprava dokon\u010dena, nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme vytv\u00e1\u0159et ISO obrazy z tohoto adres\u00e1\u0159e. <\/p>\n

N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz vytvo\u0159\u00ed ISO obraz, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed, pouze ISO:<\/p>\n

mkdir iso\/
\n mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014output archive.iso<\/p>\n

Pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed bootovac\u00edho obrazu je nutn\u00e9 uv\u00e9st volbu \u201e\u2014legacy-boot\u201c pro BIOS a \u201e\u2014efi\u201c pro UEFI, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jako parametry volby p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed bu\u010f grub2, nebo syslinux, tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete uv\u00e9st pouze jednu volbu (nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba podpora UEFI bootov\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete ji neuv\u00e1d\u011bt).<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014legacy-boot syslinux \u2014output boot-biosonly.iso<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014legacy-boot syslinux \u2014efi grub2 \u2014output boot-bios-uefi.iso<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014efi grub2 \u2014output boot-uefionly.iso<\/p>\n

A tak\u00e9, jak byly d\u0159\u00edve zahrnuty obrazy se syst\u00e9mem v initrd, lze je zahrnout do ISO.<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014squashfs \u2014legacy-boot grub2 \u2014efi grub2 \u2014output gentoo.iso<\/p>\n

Po tomto p\u0159\u00edkazu bude vytvo\u0159en spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed BIOS\/UEFI ISO obraz, kter\u00fd na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 Gentoo z SquashFS obrazu pomoc\u00ed Overlay FS, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tmpfs pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat. J\u00e1dro mus\u00ed b\u00fdt sestaveno s podporou Overlay FS a SquashFS. Pokud to v\u0161ak z jak\u00e9hokoli d\u016fvodu nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9, lze m\u00edsto --squashfs pou\u017e\u00edt volbu --cpio k zabalen\u00ed gentoo\/ jako cpio archivu, v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude archiv rozbalen p\u0159\u00edmo do tmpfs p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, hlavn\u011b aby bylo dostatek opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti pro rozbalen\u00ed syst\u00e9mu do tmpfs.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd fakt: pokud je ISO obraz vytvo\u0159en\u00fd s pou\u017eit\u00edm volby --efi rozbalit na FAT32 flash disk jednoduch\u00fdm kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00edm soubor\u016f (cp -r), pak se flash disk bude spou\u0161t\u011bt v UEFI re\u017eimu bez jak\u00e9koli p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy, d\u00edky specifice UEFI bootloader\u016f.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edch ISO s t\u011bmito parametry lze vytvo\u0159it libovoln\u00fd spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed disk: USB, HDD, SSD atd., p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e tento disk m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nad\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n pro sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd \u00fa\u010del. K tomu je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ipojit nap\u0159\u00edklad USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a spustit mkbootisofs na n\u011bm. Sta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159idat jednu volbu --bootable, aby disk, na kter\u00e9m se nach\u00e1z\u00ed zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd adres\u00e1\u0159, stal spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edm.<\/p>\n

mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt
\nmkbootisofs \/mnt --overlay gentoo\/ --squashfs --legacy-boot grub2 --efi grub2 --bootable<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9 se USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed stane zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edm s overlayem gentoo\/ (je t\u0159eba nezapomenout zkop\u00edrovat soubory \/boot\/vmlinuz a \/boot\/initrd na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed). <\/p>\n

Pokud z jak\u00e9hokoli d\u016fvodu nebyl disk p\u0159ipojen v \/mnt, a uk\u00e1\u017ee se, \u017ee \/mnt je na hlavn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \/dev\/sda, bude tedy bootloader p\u0159eps\u00e1n na \/dev\/sda. Je t\u0159eba b\u00fdt opatrn\u00fd p\u0159i uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed volby --bootable.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed Booty podporuje \u0159adu voleb, kter\u00e9 lze uv\u00e9st v bootloaderu, grub.cfg nebo syslinux.cfg. Ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed se bez jak\u00fdchkoli voleb provede zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed a rozbalen\u00ed v\u0161ech overlay\u016f do tmpfs (v\u00fdchoz\u00ed volba ooty.use-shmfs). Pro pou\u017eit\u00ed Overlay FS mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pou\u017eita volba booty.use-overlayfs. Volba booty.copy-to-ram p\u0159edem zkop\u00edruje overlaye do tmpfs, po \u010dem\u017e je pouze p\u0159ipoj\u00ed a spust\u00ed. Po zkop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed lze USB za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (nebo jin\u00e9 m\u00e9dium) vyjmout.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 Booty, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b initrd, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b ISO \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 GNU\/Linux. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 POSIX shell \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 GPLv3. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c Booty, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 SHMFS (tmpfs), \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 SquashFS + Overlay FS, \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47booty \u2014 n\u00e1stroj pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edch obraz\u016f a m\u00e9di\u00ed | ProHoster","description":"P\u0159edstavena je aplikace Booty, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje jedn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkazem vytv\u00e1\u0159et zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed obrazy initrd, soubory ISO nebo m\u00e9dia.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47booty \u2014 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 | 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