{"id":90050,"date":"2020-07-28T13:42:44","date_gmt":"2020-07-28T11:42:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/google-nachal-otkrytie-realizaczii-modeli-potokov-mn"},"modified":"2020-07-28T13:42:44","modified_gmt":"2020-07-28T11:42:44","slug":"google-nachal-otkrytie-realizaczii-modeli-potokov-mn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/cs\/blog\/news\/google-nachal-otkrytie-realizaczii-modeli-potokov-mn","title":{"rendered":"Google zah\u00e1jil realizaci modelu proud\u016f M:N","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Spole\u010dnost Google navrhla<\/a><\/noindex> Pro zahrnut\u00ed do j\u00e1dra Linux byl vyvinut prvn\u00ed soubor patch\u016f, kter\u00fd implementuje komponenty pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed modelu vl\u00e1ken M:N. Iniciativa Google je spojena s otev\u0159en\u00edm API, kter\u00e9 se vyv\u00edjelo za zav\u0159en\u00fdmi dve\u0159mi. SwitchTo<\/a><\/noindex> pro j\u00e1dro Linux, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uje fungov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edcethreadov\u00e9ho subsyst\u00e9mu implementovan\u00e9ho v prostoru u\u017eivatele, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edho model vl\u00e1ken M:N. Tento subsyst\u00e9m je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v Google pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed latence. Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed vl\u00e1ken se prov\u00e1d\u00ed zcela v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje po\u010det operac\u00ed p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed kontextu minimalizac\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed dan\u00e9 podsyst\u00e9mu na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra Linux byl implementov\u00e1n API SwitchTo, kter\u00fd nab\u00edz\u00ed t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed operace \u2014 wait, resume a swap (p\u0159epnut\u00ed). Pro za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed do j\u00e1dra byl navr\u017een k\u00f3d nov\u00e9 operace FUTEX_SWAP, kter\u00e1 dopl\u0148uje FUTEX_WAIT a FUTEX_WAKE<\/a><\/noindex>, a poskytuje z\u00e1klad pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u00edcethreadov\u00fdch knihoven v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru. FUTEX_SWAP lze tak\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt pro p\u0159enos zpr\u00e1v mezi \u00falohami, podobn\u011b jako RPC. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v sou\u010dasnosti vy\u017eaduje p\u0159enos zpr\u00e1vy mezi \u00falohami proveden\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u011b \u010dty\u0159 vol\u00e1n\u00ed FUTEX_WAIT a FUTEX_WAKE, pou\u017eit\u00ed FUTEX_SWAP v\u0161ak umo\u017en\u00ed prov\u00e9st jednu operaci, kter\u00e1 bude provedena 5-10kr\u00e1t rychleji.<\/p>\n

\"Google<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasnosti se v praxi pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b modely vl\u00e1ken 1:1 a N:1. Model 1:1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v NPTL<\/a><\/noindex> (POSIX vl\u00e1kna) a LinuxThreads<\/a><\/noindex>, a znamen\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1kna v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru na vl\u00e1kno (jednotku pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed) na \u00farovni j\u00e1dra. Model N:1 je implementov\u00e1n v GNU Pth<\/a><\/noindex>, p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1ken do u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru a umo\u017e\u0148uje N vl\u00e1kn\u016fm v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru p\u0159ipojit se k jednomu vl\u00e1knu v j\u00e1dru, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e j\u00e1dro nem\u00e1 informace o u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch vl\u00e1knech.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed nev\u00fdhodou modelu 1:1 jsou vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed kontextu mezi j\u00e1drem a u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm prostorem. Model N:1 tuto problematiku \u0159e\u0161\u00ed, ale vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed novou \u2014 proto\u017ee vl\u00e1kno v j\u00e1d\u0159e je ned\u011blitelnou jednotkou pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu, u\u017eivatelsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 k jednomu vl\u00e1knu v j\u00e1d\u0159e opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu se nemohou \u0161k\u00e1lovat nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d j\u00e1dry CPU a z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00e1z\u00e1na na jedno j\u00e1dro CPU.<\/p>\n

Model M:N je hybridn\u00ed a odstra\u0148uje v\u0161echny v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 nedostatky d\u00edky mapov\u00e1n\u00ed N tok\u016f v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru na M tok\u016f v j\u00e1d\u0159e OS, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje jak sn\u00ed\u017eit re\u017eijn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed kontextu, tak zajistit \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed na j\u00e1drech CPU. Cenou za tuto variantu je velk\u00e1 slo\u017eitost implementace pl\u00e1nova\u010de tok\u016f v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru a pot\u0159eba mechanism\u016f ke koordinaci \u010dinnost\u00ed s pl\u00e1nova\u010dem j\u00e1dra.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0438 API SwitchTo \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 M:N. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 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